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Continuing his research in London, Darwin's wide reading now included the sixth edition of Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population, and on 28 September 1838 he noted its assertion that human "population, when unchecked, goes on doubling itself every twenty five years, or increases in a geometrical ratio", a geometric progression so that population soon exceeds food supply in what is known as a Malthusian catastrophe. Darwin was well prepared to compare this to de Candolle's "warring of the species" of plants and the struggle for existence among wildlife, explaining how numbers of a species kept roughly stable. As species always breed beyond available resources, favourable variations would make organisms better at surviving and passing the variations on to their offspring, while unfavourable variations would be lost. He wrote that the "final cause of all this wedging, must be to sort out proper structure, & adapt it to changes", so that "One may say there is a force like a hundred thousand wedges trying force into every kind of adapted structure into the gaps of in the economy of nature, or rather forming gaps by thrusting out weaker ones."[13][95] This would result in the formation of new species.[13][96] As he later wrote in his Autobiography:

Continuing his research in London, Darwin's wide reading now included the sixth edition of Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population, and on 28 September 1838 he noted its assertion that human "population, when unchecked, goes on doubling itself every twenty five years, or increases in a geometrical ratio", a geometric progression so that population soon exceeds food supply in what is known as a Malthusian catastrophe. Darwin was well prepared to compare this to de Candolle's "warring of the species" of plants and the struggle for existence among wildlife, explaining how numbers of a species kept roughly stable. As species always breed beyond available resources, favourable variations would make organisms better at surviving and passing the variations on to their offspring, while unfavourable variations would be lost. He wrote that the "final cause of all this wedging, must be to sort out proper structure, & adapt it to changes", so that "One may say there is a force like a hundred thousand wedges trying force into every kind of adapted structure into the gaps of in the economy of nature, or rather forming gaps by thrusting out weaker ones."[13][95] This would result in the formation of new species.[13][96] As he later wrote in his Autobiography:

后来达尔文继续在伦敦进行研究，他广泛阅读相关著作，包括马尔萨斯的《人口原理An Essay on the Principle of Population》第六版。1838年9月28日，他指出“人类的人口在不受控制的情况下每25年就会增加一倍，或者以几何比例增加”，这种呈几何级数增长的速度，会造成所谓的马尔萨斯灾难，人口很快会超出了粮食供应的极限。达尔文已做好充分的准备，可以将其与坎多尔Candolle的“物种争斗”进行比较，以及野生动植物之间为生存而进行的斗争，这解释了一个物种的数量是如何大致保持稳定。由于物种的繁殖总是超出可用资源，那么有利的变异将使生物能更好地生存下来并将变异传给其后代，而不利的变异将逐渐消失。他写道，“所有楔入的最终原因，必须是找出适当的结构，并使之适应变化”，因此，“有人可能会说有十万个楔形力，试图将各种适应力推向自然经济的缝隙，或者更精确地说通过淘汰弱者来形成这种缝隙。”这最终将导致新物种的形成。正如他后来在自传中写道：

后来达尔文继续在伦敦进行研究，他广泛阅读相关著作，包括马尔萨斯的《'''<font color="#ff8000"> 人口原理An Essay on the Principle of Population </font>'''》第六版。1838年9月28日，他指出“人类的人口在不受控制的情况下每25年就会增加一倍，或者以几何比例增加”，这种呈几何级数增长的速度，会造成所谓的马尔萨斯灾难，人口很快会超出了粮食供应的极限。达尔文已做好充分的准备，可以将其与坎多尔Candolle的“物种争斗”进行比较，以及野生动植物之间为生存而进行的斗争，这解释了一个物种的数量是如何大致保持稳定。由于物种的繁殖总是超出可用资源，那么有利的变异将使生物能更好地生存下来并将变异传给其后代，而不利的变异将逐渐消失。他写道，“所有楔入的最终原因，必须是找出适当的结构，并使之适应变化”，因此，“有人可能会说有十万个楔形力，试图将各种适应力推向自然经济的缝隙，或者更精确地说通过淘汰弱者来形成这种缝隙。”这最终将导致新物种的形成。正如他后来在自传中写道：