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第42行： − + − − === Cosmological arrow of time === − − 宇宙时间之箭 − − {{See also|Entropy|Entropy (arrow of time)}} − − − − The '''cosmological arrow of time''' points in the direction of the universe's expansion. It may be linked to the thermodynamic arrow, with the universe heading towards a [[Heat death of the Universe|heat death]] ''(Big Chill)'' as the amount of usable energy becomes negligible. Alternatively, it may be an artifact of our place in the universe's evolution (see the [[Anthropic bias]]), with this arrow reversing as gravity pulls everything back into a [[Big Crunch]]. − − The cosmological arrow of time points in the direction of the universe's expansion. It may be linked to the thermodynamic arrow, with the universe heading towards a heat death (Big Chill) as the amount of usable energy becomes negligible. Alternatively, it may be an artifact of our place in the universe's evolution (see the Anthropic bias), with this arrow reversing as gravity pulls everything back into a Big Crunch. − − − − − − If this arrow of time is related to the other arrows of time, then the future is ''by definition'' the direction towards which the universe becomes bigger. Thus, the universe expands—rather than shrinks—by definition. − − If this arrow of time is related to the other arrows of time, then the future is by definition the direction towards which the universe becomes bigger. Thus, the universe expands—rather than shrinks—by definition. − + − − − − The thermodynamic arrow of time and the second law of thermodynamics are thought to be a consequence of the [[initial conditions]] in the early universe.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Susskind|first1=Leonard|title=Boltzmann and the Arrow of Time: A Recent Perspective|url=http://www.cornell.edu/video/leonard-susskind-1-boltzmann-and-the-arrow-of-time|website=Cornell University|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=June 1, 2016}}</ref> Therefore, they ultimately result from the cosmological set-up. − − The thermodynamic arrow of time and the second law of thermodynamics are thought to be a consequence of the initial conditions in the early universe. Therefore, they ultimately result from the cosmological set-up. − − '''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学时间箭头The thermodynamicarrow of time</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics</font>'''被视为宇宙早期初始条件下的结果。因此，最终它们是宇宙学的设置引发的。 第126行：
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哈罗德·布鲁姆（音译）在1951年出版的《时间之箭与进化》一书中<ref name="Blum1951">{{cite book|last=Blum|first=Harold F.|authorlink=Harold F. Blum|title=Time's Arrow and Evolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmcNnwEACAAJ|edition=First|year=1951|isbn=978-0-691-02354-0}}</ref>“探索了时间之箭(热力学第二定律)与有机进化之间的关系。”这个有影响力的文本探索“不可逆性和方向的进化和秩序，负熵，和进化。”<ref name=arrow-review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(69)90059-1 | title= Book review: Time's arrow and evolution: Third Edition | journal = Icarus | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 278–279 | last = Morowitz | first = Harold J. | date = September 1969|bibcode = 1969Icar...11..278M | pmc = 2599115 }}</ref> 布鲁姆认为，进化遵循特定的模式，这种模式由地球的无机性质及其热力学过程预先确定。<ref name=yale>{{cite journal | pmc = 2599115 | title= Book reviews: Time's Arrow and Evolution | journal = [[Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine]] | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 164 | last = McN. | first = W. P. | date = November 1951}}</ref>
哈罗德·布鲁姆（音译）在1951年出版的《时间之箭与进化》一书中<ref name="Blum1951">{{cite book|last=Blum|first=Harold F.|authorlink=Harold F. Blum|title=Time's Arrow and Evolution|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmcNnwEACAAJ|edition=First|year=1951|isbn=978-0-691-02354-0}}</ref>“探索了时间之箭(热力学第二定律)与有机进化之间的关系。”这个有影响力的文本探索“不可逆性和方向的进化和秩序，负熵，和进化。”<ref name=arrow-review>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0019-1035(69)90059-1 | title= Book review: Time's arrow and evolution: Third Edition | journal = Icarus | volume = 11 | issue = 2 | pages = 278–279 | last = Morowitz | first = Harold J. | date = September 1969|bibcode = 1969Icar...11..278M | pmc = 2599115 }}</ref> 布鲁姆认为，进化遵循特定的模式，这种模式由地球的无机性质及其热力学过程预先确定。<ref name=yale>{{cite journal | pmc = 2599115 | title= Book reviews: Time's Arrow and Evolution | journal = [[Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine]] | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 164 | last = McN. | first = W. P. | date = November 1951}}</ref>
=== Cosmological arrow of time ===
=== 宇宙时间之箭 ===
'''<font color="#ff8000"> 宇宙时间之箭The cosmological arrow of time</font>'''指向宇宙膨胀的方向。它可能与热力学箭头有关，当可用能量变得微不足道时，宇宙正走向热灭亡（'''<font color="#ff8000"> 和大冷寂Big Chill</font>'''）。或者，它可能是我们在宇宙演化中所处位置的人工制品(见'''<font color="#ff8000"> 人择偏差the Anthropic bias</font>''') ，随着重力将一切拉回大坍缩，这个箭头发生了逆转。
'''<font color="#ff8000"> 宇宙时间之箭The cosmological arrow of time</font>'''指向宇宙膨胀的方向。它可能与热力学箭头有关，当可用能量变得微不足道时，宇宙正走向热灭亡（'''<font color="#ff8000"> 和大冷寂Big Chill</font>'''）。或者，它可能是我们在宇宙演化中所处位置的人工制品(见'''<font color="#ff8000"> 人择偏差the Anthropic bias</font>''') ，随着重力将一切拉回大坍缩，这个箭头发生了逆转。
如果这个'''<font color="#ff8000"> 时间箭头arrow of time</font>'''与时间的其他箭头相关，那么根据定义，宇宙是膨胀的，而不是缩小的，所以，未来宇宙将变得更大。
如果这个'''<font color="#ff8000"> 时间箭头arrow of time</font>'''与时间的其他箭头相关，那么根据定义，宇宙是膨胀的，而不是缩小的，所以，未来宇宙将变得更大。
'''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学时间箭头The thermodynamicarrow of time</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics</font>'''被视为宇宙早期初始条件下的结果。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Susskind|first1=Leonard|title=Boltzmann and the Arrow of Time: A Recent Perspective|url=http://www.cornell.edu/video/leonard-susskind-1-boltzmann-and-the-arrow-of-time|website=Cornell University|publisher=Cornell University|accessdate=June 1, 2016}}</ref>因此，最终它们是宇宙学的设置引发的。
=== 辐射时间之箭 ===
=== 辐射时间之箭 ===
你的眼泪也不能洗去一句话。
你的眼泪也不能洗去一句话。
— 爱德华·菲茨杰拉德
— 爱德华·菲茨杰拉德
== 另请参见 ==
== 另请参见 ==