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第187行：
第187行： − + − ''"一个封闭系统的内部能量因绝热过程增加，在整个过程中，系统的体积保持不变。<ref name="Munster 45"/>"''+ + 第200行：
第201行： − + − "…只有一种方法可以减少（封闭）系统的熵，将热从系统中转移出去。<ref>Borgnakke, C., Sonntag., R.E. (2009), p. 304.</ref>"+ + + +
→普朗克原理 Planck's principle
''"::The internal energy of a closed system is increased by an adiabatic process, throughout the duration of which, the volume of the system remains constant.<ref name="Munster 45"/>{{sfnp |Lieb|Yngvason|1999|p=49}}"''
:''"The internal energy of a closed system is increased by an adiabatic process, throughout the duration of which, the volume of the system remains constant.<ref name="Munster 45"/>{{sfnp |Lieb|Yngvason|1999|p=49}}"
''
:一个封闭系统的内部能量因绝热过程增加，在整个过程中，系统的体积保持不变。<ref name="Munster 45"/>
''"::... there is only one way in which the entropy of a [closed] system can be decreased, and that is to transfer heat from the system.<ref>Borgnakke, C., Sonntag., R.E. (2009), p. 304.</ref>"''
:''"... there is only one way in which the entropy of a [closed] system can be decreased, and that is to transfer heat from the system.<ref>Borgnakke, C., Sonntag., R.E. (2009), p. 304.</ref>"
''
:…只有一种方法可以减少（封闭）系统的熵，将热从系统中转移出去。<ref>Borgnakke, C., Sonntag., R.E. (2009), p. 304.</ref>"
与普朗克之前提出的原理不同，这一原理明确地用熵的变化来表示。从系统中去除物质也可以减少系统的熵。
与普朗克之前提出的原理不同，这一原理明确地用熵的变化来表示。从系统中去除物质也可以减少系统的熵。
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=== 一个其内能有已知表达式（其扩展状态变量的函数）的系统的表述Statement for a system that has a known expression of its internal energy as a function of its extensive state variables===
=== 一个其内能有已知表达式（其扩展状态变量的函数）的系统的表述Statement for a system that has a known expression of its internal energy as a function of its extensive state variables===