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The free energy principle has been criticized for being very difficult to understand, even for experts.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Freed | first=Peter | title=Research Digest | journal=Neuropsychoanalysis | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=2010 | issn=1529-4145 | doi=10.1080/15294145.2010.10773634 | pages=103–106| s2cid=220306712 }}</ref> Discussions of the principle have also been criticized as invoking [[metaphysics|metaphysical]] assumptions far removed from a testable scientific prediction, making the principle unfalsifiable.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Colombo | first1=Matteo | last2=Wright | first2=Cory | title=First principles in the life sciences: the free-energy principle, organicism, and mechanism | journal=Synthese | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=2018-09-10 | issn=0039-7857 | doi=10.1007/s11229-018-01932-w | page=|doi-access=free}}</ref> In a 2018 interview, Friston acknowledged that the free energy principle is not properly [[Falsifiability|falsifiable]]: "the free energy principle is what it is — a [[principle]]. Like [[Principle of least action|Hamilton’s Principle of Stationary Action]], it cannot be falsified. It cannot be disproven. In fact, there’s not much you can do with it, unless you ask whether measurable systems conform to the principle."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Friston|first=Karl|date=2018|title=Of woodlice and men: A Bayesian account of cognition, life and consciousness. An interview with Karl Friston (by Martin Fortier & Daniel Friedman)|url=https://www.aliusresearch.org/bulletin02.html|journal=ALIUS Bulletin|volume=2|pages=17–43|via=}}</ref>
The free energy principle has been criticized for being very difficult to understand, even for experts.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Freed | first=Peter | title=Research Digest | journal=Neuropsychoanalysis | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=2010 | issn=1529-4145 | doi=10.1080/15294145.2010.10773634 | pages=103–106| s2cid=220306712 }}</ref> Discussions of the principle have also been criticized as invoking [[metaphysics|metaphysical]] assumptions far removed from a testable scientific prediction, making the principle unfalsifiable.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Colombo | first1=Matteo | last2=Wright | first2=Cory | title=First principles in the life sciences: the free-energy principle, organicism, and mechanism | journal=Synthese | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=2018-09-10 | issn=0039-7857 | doi=10.1007/s11229-018-01932-w | page=|doi-access=free}}</ref> In a 2018 interview, Friston acknowledged that the free energy principle is not properly [[Falsifiability|falsifiable]]: "the free energy principle is what it is — a [[principle]]. Like [[Principle of least action|Hamilton’s Principle of Stationary Action]], it cannot be falsified. It cannot be disproven. In fact, there’s not much you can do with it, unless you ask whether measurable systems conform to the principle."<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Friston|first=Karl|date=2018|title=Of woodlice and men: A Bayesian account of cognition, life and consciousness. An interview with Karl Friston (by Martin Fortier & Daniel Friedman)|url=https://www.aliusresearch.org/bulletin02.html|journal=ALIUS Bulletin|volume=2|pages=17–43|via=}}</ref>
自由能原理被批评为很难理解，甚至对专家来说也是如此。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Freed | first=Peter | title=Research Digest | journal=Neuropsychoanalysis | publisher=Informa UK Limited | volume=12 | issue=1 | year=2010 | issn=1529-4145 | doi=10.1080/15294145.2010.10773634 | pages=103–106| s2cid=220306712 }}</ref>对这一原则的讨论也被批评为援引了[[形而上学|形而上学]]远离可检验的科学预测的假设，使这一原则成为不可证伪的。<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Colombo | first1=Matteo | last2=Wright | first2=Cory | title=First principles in the life sciences: the free-energy principle, organicism, and mechanism | journal=Synthese | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=2018-09-10 | issn=0039-7857 | doi=10.1007/s11229-018-01932-w | page=|doi-access=free}}</ref>在2018年的一次采访中，弗里斯顿承认自由能原则并不恰当[[可证伪性|可证伪性]]：“自由能原则就是它的本来面目-一个[[原则]]。与[[最小作用原理|哈密顿定常作用原理]]一样，它是不可证伪的。这是无法反驳的。事实上，除非你问可测量系统是否符合这一原则，否则你对此无能为力。”<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Friston|first=Karl|date=2018|title=Of woodlice and men: A Bayesian account of cognition, life and consciousness. An interview with Karl Friston (by Martin Fortier & Daniel Friedman)|url=https://www.aliusresearch.org/bulletin02.html|journal=ALIUS Bulletin|volume=2|pages=17–43|via=}}</ref>
== Background 背景==
== Background 背景==