2,379
个编辑
更改
跳到导航
跳到搜索
第66行：
第66行： − A word that describes itself is called an ''[[autological word]]'' (or ''[[autological word|autonym]]''). This generally applies to adjectives, for example [[wikt:sesquipedalian|sesquipedalian]] (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as [[wikt:TLA|TLA]], as a three-letter [[abbreviation]] for "[[three-letter abbreviation]]".+ − A word that describes itself is called an autological word (or autonym). This generally applies to adjectives, for example sesquipedalian (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as TLA, as a three-letter abbreviation for "three-letter abbreviation". − 一个描述自己的词叫做字体词(或自动词)。这通常适用于形容词，例如 <font color="#ff8000">例如英文中“多音节”一词sesquipedalian </font>(即“ sesquipedalian”是一个多音节的的单词) ，但也可以用于其他词类，如 TLA，作为“三个字母缩写”的三个字母的缩写。 − − − − A sentence which inventories its own letters and punctuation marks is called an [[autogram]]. 第81行：
第75行： − + − There is a special case of meta-sentence in which the content of the sentence in the metalanguage and the content of the sentence in the object language are the same. Such a sentence is referring to itself. However some meta-sentences of this type can lead to paradoxes. "This is a sentence." can be considered to be a self-referential meta-sentence which is obviously true. However "This sentence is false" is a meta-sentence which leads to a self-referential [[Liar paradox|paradox]]. Such sentences can lead to problems, for example, in law, where statements bringing laws into existence can contradict one another or themselves. [[Kurt Gödel]] claimed to have found such a paradox in the [[US constitution]] at his citizenship ceremony. − − There is a special case of meta-sentence in which the content of the sentence in the metalanguage and the content of the sentence in the object language are the same. Such a sentence is referring to itself. However some meta-sentences of this type can lead to paradoxes. "This is a sentence." can be considered to be a self-referential meta-sentence which is obviously true. However "This sentence is false" is a meta-sentence which leads to a self-referential paradox. Such sentences can lead to problems, for example, in law, where statements bringing laws into existence can contradict one another or themselves. Kurt Gödel claimed to have found such a paradox in the US constitution at his citizenship ceremony. − − − − − − Self-reference occasionally occurs in the [[Broadcast media|media]] when it is required to write about itself, for example the [[BBC]] reporting on job cuts at the BBC. Notable encyclopedias may be required to feature articles about themselves, such as [[Wikipedia]]'s article on Wikipedia. − − Self-reference occasionally occurs in the media when it is required to write about itself, for example the BBC reporting on job cuts at the BBC. Notable encyclopedias may be required to feature articles about themselves, such as Wikipedia's article on Wikipedia. − − <font color="#ff8000">自指偶尔会在传媒中出现，比如媒体报道自己的时候，例如BBC 对BBC裁员的报道 </font>著名的百科全书可能被要求提供关于他们自己的文章，比如维基百科上的文章。 − − [[Fumblerules]] are a list of rules of good grammar and writing, demonstrated through sentences that violate those very rules, such as "Avoid cliches like the plague" and "Don't use no double negatives". The term was coined in a published list of such rules by [[William Safire]].<ref>[http://alt-usage-english.org/humorousrules.html alt.usage.english.org's ''Humorous Rules for Writing'']</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first = William |last= Safire |authorlink=William Safire |publication-date=1979-11-04 |title=On Language; The Fumblerules of Grammar |periodical=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/04/archives/on-language-the-fumblerules-of-grammar.html?sq=Fumblerules&scp=1&st=p |page=SM4}}</ref>+ − Fumblerules are a list of rules of good grammar and writing, demonstrated through sentences that violate those very rules, such as "Avoid cliches like the plague" and "Don't use no double negatives". The term was coined in a published list of such rules by William Safire. − +
→在语言学中
== 在语言学中==
== 在语言学中==
一个描述自己的词叫做自体词(或自动词)。这通常适用于形容词，例如英文中“多音节”一词sesquipedalian (即“ sesquipedalian”是一个多音节的的单词) ，但也可以用于其他词类，如 TLA，作为“三个字母缩写”的三个字母的缩写。
A sentence which inventories its own letters and punctuation marks is called an autogram.
A sentence which inventories its own letters and punctuation marks is called an autogram.
元语句中的句子内容与宾语中的句子内容相同是元语句的一种特殊情况。这样的句子指的是它自己。然而，这种类型的元语句也可能导致悖论。“这是一个句子。”可以认为是一个自指的元语句，这显然是正确的。然而，“这句话是假的”是一个元句子，它导致了一个自指悖论。这样的句子可能会导致问题，例如，在法律中，<font color="#ff8000"> 元语句使法条的陈述</font>可能会相互矛盾或自相矛盾。库尔特•[[哥德尔]] Kurt Gödel在他的公民身份仪式上宣称，他在美国宪法中发现了这样一个悖论。
元语句中的句子内容与宾语中的句子内容相同是元语句的一种特殊情况。这样的句子指的是它自己。然而，这种类型的元语句也可能导致悖论。“这是一个句子。”可以认为是一个自指的元语句，这显然是正确的。然而，“这句话是假的”是一个元句子，它导致了一个自指悖论。这样的句子可能会导致问题，例如，在法律中，<font color="#ff8000"> 元语句使法条的陈述</font>可能会相互矛盾或自相矛盾。库尔特•哥德尔(Kurt Gödel)在他的公民身份仪式上宣称，他在美国宪法中发现了这样一个悖论。
<font color="#ff8000">自指偶尔会在传媒中出现，比如媒体报道自己的时候，例如BBC报道BBC公司裁员的事件，著名的百科全书维基百科可能被要求提供关于维基百科上的文章。
<font color="#ff8000"> 失球规则Fumblerules</font>是一系列好的语法和写作规则，<font color="#ff8000">描述这些规则的句子本身违反了这些规则 </font>，比如“避免像瘟疫一样的陈词滥调”和“不要使用没有双重否定”。这个术语是威廉 · 萨菲尔在一份她发表的规则列表中创造出来的。
<font color="#ff8000"> Fumble rules</font>是一系列好的语法和写作规则，<font color="#ff8000">描述这些规则的句子本身违反了这些规则 </font>，也是一种自指的规则，比如“避免像瘟疫一样的陈词滥调”和“不要使用没有双重否定”。这个术语是威廉·萨菲尔William Safire在一份她发表的规则列表中创造出来的。<ref>[http://alt-usage-english.org/humorousrules.html alt.usage.english.org's ''Humorous Rules for Writing'']</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first = William |last= Safire |authorlink=William Safire |publication-date=1979-11-04 |title=On Language; The Fumblerules of Grammar |periodical=New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/04/archives/on-language-the-fumblerules-of-grammar.html?sq=Fumblerules&scp=1&st=p |page=SM4}}</ref>
==在流行文化中==
==在流行文化中==