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本词条由11初步翻译

本词条由11初步翻译

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Spontaneous order, also named self-organization in the hard sciences, is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos. It is a process in social networks including economics, though the term "self-organization" is more often used for physical changes and biological processes, while "spontaneous order" is typically used to describe the emergence of various kinds of social orders from a combination of self-interested individuals who are not intentionally trying to create order through planning. The evolution of life on Earth, language, crystal structure, the Internet and a free market economy have all been proposed as examples of systems which evolved through spontaneous order. Thus in this view by acting on information with greater detail and accuracy than possible for any centralized authority, a more efficient economy is created to the benefit of a whole society.

Spontaneous order, also named self-organization in the hard sciences, is the spontaneous emergence of order out of seeming chaos. It is a process in social networks including economics, though the term "self-organization" is more often used for physical changes and biological processes, while "spontaneous order" is typically used to describe the emergence of various kinds of social orders from a combination of self-interested individuals who are not intentionally trying to create order through planning. The evolution of life on Earth, language, crystal structure, the Internet and a free market economy have all been proposed as examples of systems which evolved through spontaneous order. Thus in this view by acting on information with greater detail and accuracy than possible for any centralized authority, a more efficient economy is created to the benefit of a whole society.

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自发秩序spontaneous order</font>'''，在自然科学中也被称为自我组织，是从表面上的混乱中自发出现的秩序。这是包括经济学在内的社会网络中的一个过程，不过“自我组织”一词更多地用于物理变化和生物过程，而“自发秩序”通常用于描述由一群自利的个体组合而产生的各种社会秩序，这些个体并不是有意地试图通过计划来创造秩序。地球上生命的进化、语言、晶体结构、互联网和自由市场经济都被认为是通过自发秩序进化而来的系统的例子。因此，按照这种观点，通过以比任何中央权威机构更详细、更准确的信息采取行动，就能创造出更高效的经济，使整个社会受益。

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自发秩序spontaneous order</font>'''，在自然科学中也被称为自我组织，是从表面看似混乱中自发出现的秩序。这是存在于经济学等社会网络领域中的一个过程，不过“自我组织”一词更多地用于物理变化和生物过程，而“自发秩序”通常用于描述一群自利的个体在他们组合而成的社会中非人为刻意产生的各种社会秩序。地球上生命的进化、语言、晶体结构、互联网和自由市场经济都被认为是通过自发秩序进化而来的系统的例子。因此，按照这种观点，通过以比任何中央权威机构更详细、更准确的信息采取行动，就能创造出使整个社会受益的更高效的经济体系。

Spontaneous orders are to be distinguished from organizations. Spontaneous orders are distinguished by being [[scale-free networks]], while organizations are hierarchical networks. Further, organizations can be and often are a part of spontaneous social orders, but the reverse is not true. Further, while organizations are created and controlled by humans, spontaneous orders are created, controlled, ''and controllable'' by no one.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} In economics and the social sciences, spontaneous order is defined as "the result of human actions, not of human design".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|last=Hayek|first=Friedrich A.|publisher=Touchstone|year=1969|isbn=978-0671202460|location=|page=97|quote=}}</ref>

Spontaneous orders are to be distinguished from organizations. Spontaneous orders are distinguished by being [[scale-free networks]], while organizations are hierarchical networks. Further, organizations can be and often are a part of spontaneous social orders, but the reverse is not true. Further, while organizations are created and controlled by humans, spontaneous orders are created, controlled, ''and controllable'' by no one.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} In economics and the social sciences, spontaneous order is defined as "the result of human actions, not of human design".<ref>{{Cite book|title=Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics|last=Hayek|first=Friedrich A.|publisher=Touchstone|year=1969|isbn=978-0671202460|location=|page=97|quote=}}</ref>

自发的秩序要与组织区分开来。自发秩序的区别在于它是[[无规模的网络]]，而组织是等级网络。此外，组织可以是而且往往是自发的社会秩序的一部分，但反之则不然。此外，组织是由人类创造和控制的，而自发的秩序则是由任何人创造、控制、''和可控的''。在经济学和社会科学中，自发秩序被定义为 “人类行动的结果，而非人类设计的结果”。

自发的秩序要与组织区分开来。自发秩序的特点在于它是[[无规模的网络]]，而组织是等级网络。此外，组织可以是而且往往是自发的社会秩序的一部分，但反之则不然。同时，组织是由人类创造和控制的，而自发的秩序则是可以由任何人创造、控制的。在经济学和社会科学中，自发秩序被定义为 “人类行动的结果，而非人类设计的结果”。

Lawrence Reed, president of the Foundation for Economic Education, describes spontaneous order as follows:

Lawrence Reed, president of the Foundation for Economic Education, describes spontaneous order as follows: