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Less accepted versions of the hypothesis claim that changes in the biosphere are brought about through the [[Superorganism|coordination of living organisms]] and maintain those conditions through [[homeostasis]]. In some versions of [[Gaia philosophy]], all lifeforms are considered part of one single living planetary being called ''Gaia''. In this view, the atmosphere, the seas and the terrestrial crust would be results of interventions carried out by Gaia through the [[Coevolution|coevolving]] diversity of living organisms.

Less accepted versions of the hypothesis claim that changes in the biosphere are brought about through the [[Superorganism|coordination of living organisms]] and maintain those conditions through [[homeostasis]]. In some versions of [[Gaia philosophy]], all lifeforms are considered part of one single living planetary being called ''Gaia''. In this view, the atmosphere, the seas and the terrestrial crust would be results of interventions carried out by Gaia through the [[Coevolution|coevolving]] diversity of living organisms.

不太被接受的假说声称生物圈的变化是通过[[超级有机体|生物体的协调]]来实现的，并通过[[内稳态]]来维持这些条件。在一些版本的[[盖亚哲学]]中，所有的生命形式都被认为是一个被称为“盖亚”的生命行星的一部分。在这种观点下，大气、海洋和地壳将是盖亚通过生物多样性进行干预的结果。

一种不太被接受的假说声称生物圈的变化是通过[[超级有机体|生物体的协调]]来实现的，并通过[[内稳态]]来维持这些条件。在一些版本的[[盖亚哲学]]中，所有的生命形式都是一个被称为“盖亚”的生命行星的一部分。在这种观点下，大气、海洋和地壳将是盖亚通过生物多样性进行干预的结果。

The existence of a planetary homeostasis influenced by living forms had been observed previously in the field of biogeochemistry, and it is being investigated also in other fields like Earth system science. The originality of the Gaia hypothesis relies on the assessment that such homeostatic balance is actively pursued with the goal of keeping the optimal conditions for life, even when terrestrial or external events menace them.

The existence of a planetary homeostasis influenced by living forms had been observed previously in the field of biogeochemistry, and it is being investigated also in other fields like Earth system science. The originality of the Gaia hypothesis relies on the assessment that such homeostatic balance is actively pursued with the goal of keeping the optimal conditions for life, even when terrestrial or external events menace them.

以前在生物地球化学领域已经观察到受生命形式影响的行星内稳态的存在，而且在地球系统科学等其他领域也在研究这一现象。盖亚假说的原创性依赖于这样一种评估: 即使地球或外部事件威胁到这种平衡，这种平衡也是为了保持生命的最佳状态而积极追求的。

以前在生物地球化学领域已经观察到受生命形式影响的行星内稳态的存在，而且地球系统科学等其他领域也在研究这一现象。盖亚假说的原创性依赖于这样一种观点: 即使地球或外部事件威胁到内稳态平衡，盖亚也会为了保持生命的最佳状态而积极追求这种平衡。

The Gaia hypothesis was an influence on the [[deep ecology]] movement.<ref>David Landis Barnhill, Roger S. Gottlieb (eds.), ''Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground'', SUNY Press, 2010, p. 32.</ref>

The Gaia hypothesis was an influence on the [[deep ecology]] movement.<ref>David Landis Barnhill, Roger S. Gottlieb (eds.), ''Deep Ecology and World Religions: New Essays on Sacred Ground'', SUNY Press, 2010, p. 32.</ref>

Since life started on Earth, the energy provided by the Sun has increased by 25% to 30%; however, the surface temperature of the planet has remained within the levels of habitability, reaching quite regular low and high margins.  Lovelock has also hypothesised that methanogens produced elevated levels of methane in the early atmosphere, giving a view similar to that found in petrochemical smog, similar in some respects to the atmosphere on Titan. research has suggested that "oxygen shocks" and reduced methane levels led, during the Huronian, Sturtian and Marinoan/Varanger Ice Ages, to a world that very nearly became a solid "snowball". These epochs are evidence against the ability of the pre Phanerozoic biosphere to fully self-regulate.

Since life started on Earth, the energy provided by the Sun has increased by 25% to 30%; however, the surface temperature of the planet has remained within the levels of habitability, reaching quite regular low and high margins.  Lovelock has also hypothesised that methanogens produced elevated levels of methane in the early atmosphere, giving a view similar to that found in petrochemical smog, similar in some respects to the atmosphere on Titan. research has suggested that "oxygen shocks" and reduced methane levels led, during the Huronian, Sturtian and Marinoan/Varanger Ice Ages, to a world that very nearly became a solid "snowball". These epochs are evidence against the ability of the pre Phanerozoic biosphere to fully self-regulate.

自从地球上有生命以来，太阳提供的能量增加了25%到30%；然而，地球表面温度一直保持在适宜居住的水平上，达到了相当规律的高低边缘。洛夫洛克还假设，产甲烷菌在早期大气中产生了较高水平的甲烷，这与在石化烟雾中发现的观点相似，在某些方面与土卫六上的大气相似。研究表明，在休伦期、斯图尔特期和马里诺/瓦朗格冰期，“氧冲击”和甲烷含量降低导致世界几乎变成了一个坚实的“雪球”。这些时代是前显生宙生物圈完全自我调节能力的证据。

自从地球上有生命以来，太阳提供的能量增加了25%到30%；然而，地球表面温度一直保持在适宜居住的水平上，不曾突破上限或是下限。洛夫洛克还假设，产甲烷菌在早期大气中产生了较高水平的甲烷，这与在石化烟雾中发现的成分相似，在某些方面与土卫六上的大气相似。研究表明，在休伦期、斯图尔特期和马里诺/瓦朗格冰期，“氧冲击”和甲烷含量降低导致世界几乎变成了一个坚实的“雪球”。这些时代是前显生宙生物圈完全拥有自我调节能力的证据。

Gaia evolves through a [[Cybernetic#In biology|cybernetic]] [[feedback]] system operated unconsciously by the [[biota (ecology)|biota]], leading to broad stabilization of the conditions of habitability in a full homeostasis. Many processes in the Earth's surface essential for the conditions of life depend on the interaction of living forms, especially [[microorganisms]], with inorganic elements. These processes establish a global control system that regulates Earth's [[Sea surface temperature|surface temperature]], [[atmosphere composition]] and [[ocean]] [[salinity]], powered by the global thermodynamic disequilibrium state of the Earth system.<ref>Kleidon, Axel. ''How does the earth system generate and maintain thermodynamic disequilibrium and what does it imply for the future of the planet?''. Article submitted to the ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' on Thu, 10 Mar 2011</ref><!-- Article submitted to Royal Society is not a valid reference. This must be replaced by actual article citation if accepted, or an alternative reference -->

Gaia evolves through a [[Cybernetic#In biology|cybernetic]] [[feedback]] system operated unconsciously by the [[biota (ecology)|biota]], leading to broad stabilization of the conditions of habitability in a full homeostasis. Many processes in the Earth's surface essential for the conditions of life depend on the interaction of living forms, especially [[microorganisms]], with inorganic elements. These processes establish a global control system that regulates Earth's [[Sea surface temperature|surface temperature]], [[atmosphere composition]] and [[ocean]] [[salinity]], powered by the global thermodynamic disequilibrium state of the Earth system.<ref>Kleidon, Axel. ''How does the earth system generate and maintain thermodynamic disequilibrium and what does it imply for the future of the planet?''. Article submitted to the ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society'' on Thu, 10 Mar 2011</ref><!-- Article submitted to Royal Society is not a valid reference. This must be replaced by actual article citation if accepted, or an alternative reference -->

盖亚通过一个[[控制论|生物学|控制论]][[反馈]]系统在[[生物群（生态学）|生物群]]的无意识运作中进化，导致在完全的内稳态中可居住条件的广泛稳定。地球表面对生命条件至关重要的许多过程都依赖于生物，特别是[微生物]与无机元素的相互作用。这些过程建立了一个全球控制系统，调节地球的[[海表温度|表面温度]]、[[大气组成]]和[[海洋]][[盐度]]，其动力来自地球系统的全球热力学不平衡状态。

盖亚通过一个[[控制论|生物学|控制论]][[反馈]]系统在[[生物群（生态学）|生物群]]的无意识运作中实现进化，导致在完全的内稳态中广泛存在稳定的可居住条件。地球表面对生命条件至关重要的许多过程都依赖于生物，特别是[微生物]与无机元素的相互作用。这些过程建立了一个全球控制系统，调节地球的[[海表温度|表面温度]]、[[大气组成]]和[[海洋]][[盐度]]，其动力来自地球系统的全球热力学不平衡状态。

The existence of a planetary homeostasis influenced by living forms had been observed previously in the field of [[biogeochemistry]], and it is being investigated also in other fields like [[Earth system science]]. The originality of the Gaia hypothesis relies on the assessment that such homeostatic balance is actively pursued with the goal of keeping the optimal conditions for life, even when terrestrial or external events menace them.<ref>Lovelock, James. ''The Vanishing Face of Gaia''. Basic Books, 2009, p. 179. {{ISBN|978-0-465-01549-8}}</ref>

The existence of a planetary homeostasis influenced by living forms had been observed previously in the field of [[biogeochemistry]], and it is being investigated also in other fields like [[Earth system science]]. The originality of the Gaia hypothesis relies on the assessment that such homeostatic balance is actively pursued with the goal of keeping the optimal conditions for life, even when terrestrial or external events menace them.<ref>Lovelock, James. ''The Vanishing Face of Gaia''. Basic Books, 2009, p. 179. {{ISBN|978-0-465-01549-8}}</ref>

受生命形式影响的行星内稳态的存在，以前在[[生物地球化学]]领域就已被观察到，而且在其他领域，如[[地球系统科学]]也在研究中。盖亚假说的独创性依赖于这样一种评估，即积极追求这种体内平衡，以保持生命的最佳状态，即使是在地球或外部事件威胁它们的时候。

受生命形式影响的行星内稳态的存在，以前在[[生物地球化学]]领域就已被观察到，而且其他领域，如[[地球系统科学]]也在研究这种稳态。盖亚假说的独创性依赖于这样一种观点，即盖亚积极追求这种内平衡，以保持维护生命的最佳状态，即使是在地球或外部事件威胁它们的时候。