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Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties.<ref name="caltech1" /> Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech during his incarceration, including president [[Lee DuBridge]], who flew to Washington to argue Qian's case. Caltech appointed attorney [[Grant Cooper (attorney)|Grant Cooper]] to defend Qian.

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties.<ref name="caltech1" /> Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech during his incarceration, including president [[Lee DuBridge]], who flew to Washington to argue Qian's case. Caltech appointed attorney [[Grant Cooper (attorney)|Grant Cooper]] to defend Qian.

钱学森成为美中两国长达五年秘密外交和谈判的对象。在此期间，钱学森一直生活在监视之下，有权任教，没有任何机密的研究任务。钱学森在被监禁期间得到加州理工学院同事的支持，包括总统[[李·杜布里奇]]，后者飞往华盛顿为钱的案件辩护。加州理工学院指定律师格兰特·库伯 为钱辩护。

 

 

钱学森成为美中两国长达五年秘密外交和谈判的对象。在此期间，钱学森一直生活在监视之下，有权任教，没有任何机密的研究任务。钱学森在被监禁期间得到加州理工学院同事的支持，包括院长[[李·杜布里奇]]，后者飞往华盛顿为钱的案件辩护。加州理工学院指定律师格兰特·库伯为他辩护。

 

He was heavily involved in the establishment of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1958 and served as the Chairman of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the university for a number of years.

He was heavily involved in the establishment of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1958 and served as the Chairman of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the university for a number of years.

The travel ban on Qian was lifted on {{date|1955-08-04|dmy}},<ref name="MJ550913" /> and he resigned from Caltech shortly thereafter. With President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] personally agreeing, Qian departed from Los Angeles for Hong Kong aboard the ''[[SS President Cleveland (1947)|SS President Cleveland]]'' in September 1955 amidst rumors that his release was a swap for 11 U.S. airmen held captive by China since the end of the Korean War.<ref>Brownell, Richard. Space exploration. Detroit, Lucent Books, 2012. 82 p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/tsien.html | title=Tsien}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CooeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115%2C1559834 |title=Scientist To Be Deported By U.S. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date={{date|1955-09-13|dmy}} |newspaper=DAytona Beach Morning Journal |agency = AP |access-date = {{date|2015-02-02|dmy}} }}</ref> Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the [[Kowloon–Canton Railway]] later that day.

The travel ban on Qian was lifted on {{date|1955-08-04|dmy}},<ref name="MJ550913" /> and he resigned from Caltech shortly thereafter. With President [[Dwight Eisenhower]] personally agreeing, Qian departed from Los Angeles for Hong Kong aboard the ''[[SS President Cleveland (1947)|SS President Cleveland]]'' in September 1955 amidst rumors that his release was a swap for 11 U.S. airmen held captive by China since the end of the Korean War.<ref>Brownell, Richard. Space exploration. Detroit, Lucent Books, 2012. 82 p.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.astronautix.com/t/tsien.html | title=Tsien}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CooeAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115%2C1559834 |title=Scientist To Be Deported By U.S. |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date={{date|1955-09-13|dmy}} |newspaper=DAytona Beach Morning Journal |agency = AP |access-date = {{date|2015-02-02|dmy}} }}</ref> Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the [[Kowloon–Canton Railway]] later that day.

Outside of rocketry, Qian had a presence in numerous areas of study. He was among the creators of systematics, and made contributions to science and technology systems, somatic science, engineering science, military science, social science, the natural sciences, geography, philosophy, literature and art, and education. His advancements in the concepts, theories, and methods of the system science field include studying the open complex giant system. Additionally, he helped establish the Chinese school of complexity science.

Outside of rocketry, Qian had a presence in numerous areas of study. He was among the creators of systematics, and made contributions to science and technology systems, somatic science, engineering science, military science, social science, the natural sciences, geography, philosophy, literature and art, and education. His advancements in the concepts, theories, and methods of the system science field include studying the open complex giant system. Additionally, he helped establish the Chinese school of complexity science.