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第44行：
第44行： − + +
→不可逆过程 Irreversible processes
# 流体流过流阻
# 流体流过流阻
# 扩散（混合)
# 扩散（混合)
# 化学反应<ref>Glansdorff, P., [[Ilya Prigogine|Prigogine, I.]] (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability, and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London, 1971, {{ISBN|0-471-30280-5}}, p. 61.</ref><ref>Eu, B.C. (1998). ''Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Ensemble Method'', Kluwer Academic Publications, Dordrech, p. 49,</ref>
# 化学反应<ref>Glansdorff, P., Ilya Prigogine(1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability, and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London, 1971, p. 61.</ref><ref>Eu, B.C. (1998). ''Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics: Ensemble Method'', Kluwer Academic Publications, Dordrech, p. 49,</ref>
# 电流通过电阻（焦耳加热)。
# 电流通过电阻（焦耳加热)。
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=== 波或振荡 Waves or oscillations===
=== 波或振荡 Waves or oscillations===