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第1,500行： − + − − 进一步阅读 − − − <!-- Primary order alphabetical on surname, secondary on year. Use unspaced Harvard Citations in the text: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Harvard_citation and fully spaced Harvard References here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Harvard_reference --> − − ! ——姓氏按字母顺序排列，第二位按年排列。在文本中使用未间隔的哈佛引文: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/template_talk:harvard_citation 和完全间隔的哈佛引文: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/template_talk:harvard_reference -- − − − − − − − − + − + − + − − − − − − − − − * Blitz, David. (1992). ''Emergent Evolution: Qualitative Novelty and the Levels of Reality''. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. − − − − − − − − − − − − − − * Corning, Peter A. (2005). "Holistic Darwinism: Synergy, Cybernetics and the Bioeconomics of Evolution." Chicago: University of Chicago Press. − − − − − − − − − − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − * {{Citation | last = Koestler | first=Arthur | authorlink = Arthur Koestler | editor = A. Koestler & J. R. Smythies | title = Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences | year = 1969 | publisher = Hutchinson | place = London}} − − − − − − − − * {{Citation | last = Laughlin | first=Robert | authorlink = Robert B. Laughlin | title = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down | year = 2005 | publisher = Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-465-03828-2| title-link=A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down }} − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − + − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − + − − − − − − − + − + − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −
→Further reading
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
==拓展阅读==
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* Alexander, V. N. (2011). ''The Biologist’s Mistress: Rethinking Self-Organization in Art, Literature and Nature''. Litchfield Park AZ: Emergent Publications.
* Alexander, V. N. (2011). ''The Biologist’s Mistress: Rethinking Self-Organization in Art, Literature and Nature''. Litchfield Park AZ: Emergent Publications.
* {{Citation | last = Bateson | first=Gregory | author-link = Gregory Bateson | title = Steps to an Ecology of Mind | year = 1972 | publisher = Ballantine Books | isbn = 978-0-226-03905-3}}
* {{Citation | last = Batty | first=Michael | author-link = Michael Batty | title = Cities and Complexity | year = 2005 | publisher = MIT Press | isbn = 978-0-262-52479-7}}
* {{Citation | last = Bunge | first=Mario Augusto | author-link = Mario Bunge | title = Emergence and Convergence: Qualitiative Novelty and the Unity of Knowledge | publisher = Toronto: University of Toronto Press| year = 2003}}
* {{Citation | last = Bateson | first=Gregory | authorlink = Gregory Bateson | title = Steps to an Ecology of Mind | year = 1972 | publisher = Ballantine Books | isbn = 978-0-226-03905-3}}
* {{Citation | last = Batty | first=Michael | authorlink = Michael Batty | title = Cities and Complexity | year = 2005 | publisher = MIT Press | isbn = 978-0-262-52479-7}}
* {{Citation | last = Bunge | first=Mario Augusto | authorlink = Mario Bunge | title = Emergence and Convergence: Qualitiative Novelty and the Unity of Knowledge | publisher = Toronto: University of Toronto Press| year = 2003}}
* Chalmers, David J. (2002). "Strong and Weak Emergence" http://consc.net/papers/emergence.pdf Republished in P. Clayton and P. Davies, eds. (2006) ''The Re-Emergence of Emergence''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Chalmers, David J. (2002). "Strong and Weak Emergence" http://consc.net/papers/emergence.pdf Republished in P. Clayton and P. Davies, eds. (2006) ''The Re-Emergence of Emergence''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* [[Philip Clayton]] & [[Paul Davies]] (eds.) (2006). ''The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* [[Philip Clayton]] & [[Paul Davies]] (eds.) (2006). ''The Re-Emergence of Emergence: The Emergentist Hypothesis from Science to Religion'' Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Felipe Cucker and [[Stephen Smale]] (2007), The Japanese Journal of Mathematics, [http://ttic.uchicago.edu/~smale/papers/math-of-emergence.pdf ''The Mathematics of Emergence'']
* Felipe Cucker and [[Stephen Smale]] (2007), The Japanese Journal of Mathematics, [http://ttic.uchicago.edu/~smale/papers/math-of-emergence.pdf ''The Mathematics of Emergence'']
* {{Citation | last = Delsemme | first=Armand | title = Our Cosmic Origins: From the Big Bang to the Emergence of Life and Intelligence | year = 1998 | publisher = Cambridge University Press}}
* {{Citation | last = Delsemme | first=Armand | title = Our Cosmic Origins: From the Big Bang to the Emergence of Life and Intelligence | year = 1998 | publisher = Cambridge University Press}}
* {{Citation | last = Goodwin | first=Brian | title = How the Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity | year = 2001 | publisher = Princeton University Press}}
* {{Citation | last = Goodwin | first=Brian | title = How the Leopard Changed Its Spots: The Evolution of Complexity | year = 2001 | publisher = Princeton University Press}}
* {{Citation | last = Hofstadter | first=Douglas R. | author-link = Douglas Hofstadter | title = Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid | year = 1979 | publisher = Harvester Press| title-link=Gödel, Escher, Bach }}
* {{Citation | last = Holland | first=John H. | author-link = John Henry Holland | title = Emergence from Chaos to Order | year = 1998 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-7382-0142-9}}
* {{Citation | last = Kauffman | author-link = Stuart Kauffman | first=Stuart | title = The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution | year = 1993 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-507951-7}}
* {{Citation | last = Hofstadter | first=Douglas R. | authorlink = Douglas Hofstadter | title = Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid | year = 1979 | publisher = Harvester Press| title-link=Gödel, Escher, Bach }}
* {{Citation | last = Keller | author-link = Rudi Keller | first=Rudi | title = On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language | place = London/New York | publisher = Routledge | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-415-07671-5}}
* {{Citation | last = Kauffman | author-link = Stuart Kauffman | first=Stuart | title = At Home in the Universe | place = New York | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1995}}
* {{Citation | last = Kelly | first = Kevin | author-link = Kevin Kelly (editor) | title = Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World | year = 1994 | publisher = Perseus Books | isbn = 978-0-201-48340-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/outofcontrolnewb00kell }} <!-- | URL = http://www.kk.org/outofcontrol/ | accessdate = December 2006 -->
* {{Citation | last = Krugman | first=Paul | author-link = Paul Krugman | title = The Self-organizing Economy | year = 1996 | publisher = Blackwell | place = Oxford | isbn = 978-1-55786-698-1 | quote = {{ISBN|0-87609-177-X}}}}
* {{Citation | last = Holland | first=John H. | authorlink = John Henry Holland | title = Emergence from Chaos to Order | year = 1998 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-7382-0142-9}}
* {{Citation | last = Kauffman | authorlink = Stuart Kauffman | first=Stuart | title = The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution | year = 1993 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-507951-7}}
* {{Citation | last = Keller | authorlink = Rudi Keller | first=Rudi | title = On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language | place = London/New York | publisher = Routledge | year = 1994 | isbn = 978-0-415-07671-5}}
* {{Citation | last = Kauffman | authorlink = Stuart Kauffman | first=Stuart | title = At Home in the Universe | place = New York | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1995}}
* {{Citation | last = Kelly | first = Kevin | authorlink = Kevin Kelly (editor) | title = Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World | year = 1994 | publisher = Perseus Books | isbn = 978-0-201-48340-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/outofcontrolnewb00kell }} <!-- | URL = http://www.kk.org/outofcontrol/ | accessdate = December 2006 -->
* {{Citation | last = Krugman | first=Paul | authorlink = Paul Krugman | title = The Self-organizing Economy | year = 1996 | publisher = Blackwell | place = Oxford | isbn = 978-1-55786-698-1 | quote = {{ISBN|0-87609-177-X}}}}
* {{Citation | last = Lewin | first=Roger | title = Complexity - Life at the Edge of Chaos| year = 2000 | edition = second | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 978-0-226-47654-4 | quote = {{ISBN|0-226-47655-3}}}}
* {{Citation | last = Lewin | first=Roger | title = Complexity - Life at the Edge of Chaos| year = 2000 | edition = second | publisher = University of Chicago Press | isbn = 978-0-226-47654-4 | quote = {{ISBN|0-226-47655-3}}}}
* [[Ignazio Licata]] & Ammar Sakaji (eds) (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824142338/http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6692.html ''Physics of Emergence and Organization''], {{ISBN|978-981-277-994-6}}, [[World Scientific]] and [[Imperial College Press]].
* [[Ignazio Licata]] & Ammar Sakaji (eds) (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110824142338/http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6692.html ''Physics of Emergence and Organization''], {{ISBN|978-981-277-994-6}}, [[World Scientific]] and [[Imperial College Press]].
* {{Citation | last = Marshall | first=Stephen | title = Cities Design and Evolution | year = 2009 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-0-415-42329-8 | quote = {{ISBN|0-415-42329-5}} }}
* {{Citation | last = Marshall | first=Stephen | title = Cities Design and Evolution | year = 2009 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-0-415-42329-8 | quote = {{ISBN|0-415-42329-5}} }}
* {{Citation | last = Morowitz | first=Harold J. | title = The Emergence of Everything: How the World Became Complex | year = 2002 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-513513-8}}
* {{Citation | last = Morowitz | first=Harold J. | title = The Emergence of Everything: How the World Became Complex | year = 2002 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-513513-8}}
* {{Citation | last = Pearce | first=Michael J. | title = Art in the Age of Emergence. | year = 2015 | publisher = Cambridge Scholars Publishing | isbn = 978-1-443-87057-3 | quote = {{ISBN|1-443-87057-9}}}}
* {{Citation | last = Pearce | first=Michael J. | title = Art in the Age of Emergence. | year = 2015 | publisher = Cambridge Scholars Publishing | isbn = 978-1-443-87057-3 | quote = {{ISBN|1-443-87057-9}}}}
* {{Citation | last = Schelling | first = Thomas C. | author-link = Thomas Schelling | title = Micromotives and Macrobehaviour | year = 1978 | publisher = W. W. Norton | isbn = 978-0-393-05701-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/micromotivesmacr00sche }}
* {{Citation | last1 = Smith | first1=John Maynard | author-link = John Maynard Smith | last2 = Szathmáry | given2 = Eörs | title = The Major Transitions in Evolution | year = 1997 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-850294-4}}
* {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Reginald D. | title = The Dynamics of Internet Traffic: Self-Similarity, Self-Organization, and Complex Phenomena | year = 2008 | arxiv = 0807.3374|bibcode = 2008arXiv0807.3374S | doi=10.1142/S0219525911003451 | volume=14 | issue = 6 | journal=Advances in Complex Systems | pages=905–949| s2cid = 18937228 }}
* {{Citation | last = Schelling | first = Thomas C. | authorlink = Thomas Schelling | title = Micromotives and Macrobehaviour | year = 1978 | publisher = W. W. Norton | isbn = 978-0-393-05701-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/micromotivesmacr00sche }}
* {{Citation | last = Smith | first=John Maynard | authorlink = John Maynard Smith | last2 = Szathmáry | given2 = Eörs | title = The Major Transitions in Evolution | year = 1997 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-850294-4}}
* {{Citation | last = Smith | first = Reginald D. | title = The Dynamics of Internet Traffic: Self-Similarity, Self-Organization, and Complex Phenomena | year = 2008 | arxiv = 0807.3374|bibcode = 2008arXiv0807.3374S | doi=10.1142/S0219525911003451 | volume=14 | issue = 6 | journal=Advances in Complex Systems | pages=905–949}}
* Solé, Ricard and Goodwin, Brian (2000) Signs of life: how complexity pervades biology, Basic Books, New York
* Solé, Ricard and Goodwin, Brian (2000) Signs of life: how complexity pervades biology, Basic Books, New York
* Jakub Tkac & [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jiri_Kroc Jiri Kroc] (2017), Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence (Software) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316989956_Cellular_Automaton_Simulation_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_Introduction_into_Self-Organization_and_Emergence?ev=prf_high] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317013011_Self-Organization_Video_Sequence_Depicting_Numerical_Experiments_with_Cellular_Automaton_Model_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_with_source-code_link "Video - Simulation of DRX"]
* Jakub Tkac & [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jiri_Kroc Jiri Kroc] (2017), Cellular Automaton Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization: Introduction into Self-Organization and Emergence (Software) [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316989956_Cellular_Automaton_Simulation_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_Introduction_into_Self-Organization_and_Emergence?ev=prf_high] [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317013011_Self-Organization_Video_Sequence_Depicting_Numerical_Experiments_with_Cellular_Automaton_Model_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_with_source-code_link "Video - Simulation of DRX"]
* {{Citation | last = Wan | first=Poe Yu-ze | title =Emergence à la Systems Theory: Epistemological Totalausschluss or Ontological Novelty? | journal=Philosophy of the Social Sciences | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages = 178–210 | year = 2011 | doi=10.1177/0048393109350751| s2cid=144965056 }}
* {{Citation | last = Wan | first=Poe Yu-ze | title =Emergence à la Systems Theory: Epistemological Totalausschluss or Ontological Novelty? | journal=Philosophy of the Social Sciences | volume=41 | issue=2 | pages = 178–210 | year = 2011 | doi=10.1177/0048393109350751}}
* {{Citation | last = Wan | first = Poe Yu-ze | title = Reframing the Social: Emergentist Systemism and Social Theory | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | year = 2011 | url = http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409411529 | access-date = 2012-02-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130311101716/http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409411529 | archive-date = 2013-03-11 | url-status = dead }}
* {{Citation | last = Wan | first = Poe Yu-ze | title = Reframing the Social: Emergentist Systemism and Social Theory | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | year = 2011 | url = http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409411529 | access-date = 2012-02-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130311101716/http://www.ashgate.com/isbn/9781409411529 | archive-date = 2013-03-11 | url-status = dead }}
* {{Citation | last = Weinstock | first=Michael | author-link = Michael Weinstock | title = The Architecture of Emergence - the evolution of form in Nature and Civilisation | year = 2010 |publisher = John Wiley and Sons |isbn = 978-0-470-06633-1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20110912083233/http://www.architectureofemergence.com/]
* {{Citation | last = Wolfram | first=Stephen | author-link = Stephen Wolfram | title = A New Kind of Science | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-57955-008-0| title-link=A New Kind of Science }}
* {{Citation | last = Weinstock | first=Michael | authorlink = Michael Weinstock | title = The Architecture of Emergence - the evolution of form in Nature and Civilisation | year = 2010 |publisher = John Wiley and Sons |isbn = 978-0-470-06633-1}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20110912083233/http://www.architectureofemergence.com/]
* {{Citation | last = Wolfram | first=Stephen | authorlink = Stephen Wolfram | title = A New Kind of Science | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-1-57955-008-0| title-link=A New Kind of Science }}
* {{Citation | last = Young | first=Louise B. | title = The Unfinished Universe | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-19-508039-1}}
* {{Citation | last = Young | first=Louise B. | title = The Unfinished Universe | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-19-508039-1}}
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==External links==
==External links==