更改

删除768字节 、 2021年7月31日 (六) 12:20
无编辑摘要
第27行: 第27行:     
考虑一个对称向上的圆顶,底部环绕着一个槽。如果把一个球放在圆顶的最顶端,这个系统是围绕中心轴旋转对称的。但球体可能会沿着穹顶滚动到能量最低的槽中,从而自发地打破这种对称性。然后,球在圆周上某个固定的点上停下来。圆顶和球保持了各自的对称,但系统却没有保持对称性。<ref>{{cite book |first=Gerald M. |last=Edelman |title=Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of the Mind |location=New York |publisher=BasicBooks |year=1992 |url=https://archive.org/details/brightairbrillia00gera |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/brightairbrillia00gera/page/203 203] }}</ref>
 
考虑一个对称向上的圆顶,底部环绕着一个槽。如果把一个球放在圆顶的最顶端,这个系统是围绕中心轴旋转对称的。但球体可能会沿着穹顶滚动到能量最低的槽中,从而自发地打破这种对称性。然后,球在圆周上某个固定的点上停下来。圆顶和球保持了各自的对称,但系统却没有保持对称性。<ref>{{cite book |first=Gerald M. |last=Edelman |title=Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of the Mind |location=New York |publisher=BasicBooks |year=1992 |url=https://archive.org/details/brightairbrillia00gera |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/brightairbrillia00gera/page/203 203] }}</ref>
−
[[Image:Mexican hat potential polar.svg|270px|thumb|left|Graph of Goldstone's "[[sombrero]]" potential function <math>V(\phi)</math>.|链接=Special:FilePath/Mexican_hat_potential_polar.svg]]
+
 
    
在最简单的理想相对论模型中,可以用一个解释性的标量场理论总结自发对称性破缺。一个标量场<math>\phi</math>的拉格朗日量从本质上决定了系统的行为,它可以分解成动能项和势能项:
 
在最简单的理想相对论模型中,可以用一个解释性的标量场理论总结自发对称性破缺。一个标量场<math>\phi</math>的拉格朗日量从本质上决定了系统的行为,它可以分解成动能项和势能项:
第60行: 第60行:     
==物理学中的自发对称性破缺==
 
==物理学中的自发对称性破缺==
−
[[File:Spontaneous symmetry breaking (explanatory diagram).png|thumb|right|250px|''Spontaneous symmetry breaking illustrated'': At high energy levels (''left''), the ball settles in the center, and the result is symmetric. At lower energy levels (''right''), the overall "rules" remain symmetric, but the symmetric  "[[sombrero|Sombrero]]" enforces an asymmetric outcome, since eventually the ball must rest at some random spot on the bottom, "spontaneously", and not all others.|链接=Special:FilePath/Spontaneous_symmetry_breaking_(explanatory_diagram).png]]
  −
   
===粒子物理===
 
===粒子物理===
   第183行: 第181行:     
==外部链接==
 
==外部链接==
−
{{wikiquote}}
   
* For a pedagogic introduction to electroweak symmetry breaking with step by step derivations, not found in texts, of many key relations, see http://www.quantumfieldtheory.info/Electroweak_Sym_breaking.pdf
 
* For a pedagogic introduction to electroweak symmetry breaking with step by step derivations, not found in texts, of many key relations, see http://www.quantumfieldtheory.info/Electroweak_Sym_breaking.pdf
 
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/unify.html#c2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking]
 
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/unify.html#c2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking]
1,068

个编辑