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|keywords=薛定谔的猫，量子力学
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|description=薛定谔的猫，物理悖论，量子测量
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[[文件:Schrödinger's cat.jpg|缩略图|右|薛定谔的猫：将一只猫，一瓶毒药和放射源入密闭容器。如果盒内监测器（如盖革计数器）检测到放射性，即单个原子衰变，烧瓶会破碎，毒药释放，杀死猫。量子力学的哥本哈根诠释认为，一段时间之后，猫既活着又死了。但是，人们看向盒内时，猫不是活着就是死了，不是既活着又死了。]]

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{{short description|Thought experiment devised by the physicist Erwin Schrödinger}}<br>
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{{more citations needed|date=November 2018}}<br>
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[[File:Schrodingers cat.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive]] source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. [[Geiger counter]]) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is ''simultaneously'' alive ''and'' dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat ''either'' alive ''or'' dead, not both alive ''and'' dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.|链接=Special:FilePath/Schrodingers_cat.svg]]
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Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.
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'''Schrödinger's cat''' is a [[thought experiment]], sometimes described as a [[paradox]], devised by Austrian physicist [[Erwin Schrödinger]] in 1935, though the idea originated from [[Albert Einstein]].<ref name="Schrodinger1935"><br>
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It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the [[Copenhagen interpretation]] of [[quantum mechanics]] applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical [[cat]] that may be simultaneously both alive and dead,<ref name="Moring"><nowiki>{{cite book</nowiki><br>
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</ref>a state known as a [[quantum superposition]], as a result of being linked to a random [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] event that may or may not occur.
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——Solitude（讨论）该句意译
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The thought experiment is also often featured in theoretical discussions of the [[interpretations of quantum mechanics]], particularly in situations involving the [[measurement problem]]. Schrödinger coined the term ''Verschränkung'' ([[Quantum entanglement|entanglement]]) in the course of developing the thought experiment.{{Quantum mechanics|cTopic=Experiments}}

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==起源和动机==

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[[文件:Schroedinger cat.jpg|缩略图||1921-1926年，欧文·薛定谔(Erwin Schrödinger)居住在苏黎世Huttenstrasse 9号的花园里。一个真实大小的猫形象根据光线条件的不同，看起来要么是活的，要么是死的。]]
==Origin and motivation==<br>
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[[File:Schroedinger cat.jpg|thumb|left|A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suarez |first1=Antoine |title=The limits of quantum superposition: Should "Schrödinger's cat" and "Wigner's friend" be considered "miracle" narratives? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334031988 |website=ResearchGate |accessdate=27 February 2020 |page=3 |date=2019}}</ref>|链接=Special:FilePath/Schroedinger_cat.jpg]]
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A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.
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Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the [[EPR paradox|EPR article]]—named after its authors [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]], [[Boris Podolsky|Podolsky]], and [[Nathan Rosen|Rosen]]—in 1935.<ref name=":0">[http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v47/i10/p777_1 Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208145129/http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v47/i10/p777_1 |date=2006-02-08 }} A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)</ref> The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of [[quantum superposition]]s, in which a quantum system such as an [[atom]] or [[photon]] can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.
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1935年，薛定谔本来想将该思想实验作为对'''EPR佯谬'''论文（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森英文首字母命名）的讨论<ref name=":2">Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Archived 2006-02-08 at the Wayback Machine A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)</ref><ref name=":3"> Fine, Arthur (2017). "The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Retrieved 11 April 2021.</ref> 。EPR论文强调了量子叠加的反直觉性，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以处于多个状态，对应不同的结果。
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1935年，薛定谔本来想将该思想实验作为对'''<font color="#ff8000">EPR佯谬</font>'''论文（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森英文首字母命名）的讨论<ref name=":0" /> 。EPR论文强调了量子叠加的反直觉性，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以处于多个状态，对应不同的结果。
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The prevailing theory, called the [[Copenhagen interpretation]], says that a quantum system remains in superposition until it interacts with, or is observed by the external world. When this happens, the superposition collapses into one or another of the possible definite states. The EPR experiment shows that a system with multiple particles separated by large distances can be in such a superposition. Schrödinger and [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]] exchanged letters about [[EPR paradox|Einstein's EPR article]], in the course of which Einstein pointed out that the  state of an [[Instability|unstable]] keg of [[gunpowder]] will, after a while, contain a superposition of both exploded and unexploded states.
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To further illustrate, Schrödinger described how one could, in principle, create a superposition in a large-scale system by making it dependent on a quantum particle that was in a superposition.  He proposed a scenario with a cat in a locked steel chamber, wherein the cat's life or death depended on the state of a [[Radioactive decay|radioactive]] atom, whether it had decayed and emitted radiation or not. According to Schrödinger, the Copenhagen interpretation implies that ''the cat remains both alive and dead'' until the state has been observed. Schrödinger did not wish to promote the idea of dead-and-alive cats as a serious possibility; on the contrary, he intended the example to illustrate the absurdity of the existing view of quantum mechanics.<ref name="Schrodinger1935"/>

——Solitude（讨论）该句意译
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However, since Schrödinger's time, other [[interpretations of quantum mechanics|interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics]] have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.<ref name="Polkinghorne">{{cite book
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}}</ref><ref name="Tetlow">{{cite book
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}}</ref>    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining [[Touchstone (metaphor)|touchstone]] for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.
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==Thought experiment==<br>
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Schrödinger wrote:<ref name="Schrodinger1935" /><ref name=":1">{{cite journal|last1=Trimmer|first1=John D.|title=The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics: A Translation of Schrödinger's "Cat Paradox" Paper|journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society|date=1980|volume=124|issue=5|pages=323–338|jstor=986572}} Reproduced with some inaccuracies here:
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Schrödinger wrote:<nowiki><ref> Reproduced with some inaccuracies here:</nowiki>
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[https://archive.is/20121204184041/http://www.tuhh.de/rzt/rzt/it/QM/cat.html#sect5 Schroedinger: "The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics." 5. Are the Variables Really Blurred?]</ref>
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One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter, there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.
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==思想实验==
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[https://archive.is/20121204184041/http://www.tuhh.de/rzt/rzt/it/QM/cat.html#sect5 Schroedinger: "The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics." 5. Are the Variables Really Blurred?]</ref>
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Https://archive.is/20121204184041/http://www.tuhh.de/rzt/rzt/it/qm/cat.html#sect5 · 施罗丁格: 《量子力学现状》5.变量真的模糊了吗？] / ref
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One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.  A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a [[Geiger counter]], there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of [[hydrocyanic acid]]. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has [[radioactive decay|decayed]]. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The [[wave function|psi-function]] of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.
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'''<font color="#32CD32">One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.</font>''' A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter, there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. '''<font color="#32CD32">The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.</font>'''
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'''<font color="#32CD32">人们甚至可以提出非常荒谬的案例。</font>'''将猫与下面的设备（必须固定以防止猫直接干扰）一起放在钢制的房间里：在盖革计数器中，有一小块放射性物质，非常小，也许在一个小时的过程中，其中一个原子会衰变，但是，也有相同的概率，也许不会发生衰变; 如果发生这种情况，计数管放电，并通过一个继电器释放一个锤子，锤子会打碎一小瓶氢氰酸。如果一个人把整个系统留给自己一个小时，就会说，如果没有原子衰变，这只猫就还活着。如果第一次原子衰变会使它中毒。'''<font color="#32CD32">整个系统的 psi 功能可以通过将活猫和死猫(对等表达)两个状态的叠加来表达这一点。</font>'''
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It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naïvely accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality. In itself, it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.}}
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It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naïvely accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality. In itself, it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. '''<font color="#32CD32">There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.}}</font>'''
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It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naïvely accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality. In itself, it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.
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Schrödinger's famous [[thought experiment]] poses the question, "''when'' does a quantum system stop existing as a superposition of states and become one or the other?"  (More technically, when does the actual quantum state stop being a non-trivial [[linear combination]] of states, each of which resembles different classical states, and instead begin to have a unique classical description?) If the cat survives, it remembers only being alive. But explanations of the EPR experiments that are consistent with standard microscopic quantum mechanics require that macroscopic objects, such as cats and notebooks, do not always have unique classical descriptions. The thought experiment illustrates this apparent paradox. Our intuition says that no observer can be in a mixture of states—yet the cat, it seems from the thought experiment, can be such a mixture. Is the cat required to be an observer, or does its existence in a single well-defined classical state require another external observer? Each alternative seemed absurd to Einstein, who was impressed by the ability of the thought experiment to highlight these issues. In a letter to Schrödinger dated 1950, he wrote:

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{{Quote|You are the only contemporary physicist, besides [[Max von Laue|Laue]], who sees that one cannot get around the assumption of reality, if only one is honest. Most of them simply do not see what sort of risky game they are playing with reality—reality as something independent of what is experimentally established. Their interpretation is, however, refuted most elegantly by your system of radioactive atom + amplifier + charge of gun powder + cat in a box, in which the psi-function of the system contains both the cat alive and blown to bits. Nobody really doubts that the presence or absence of the cat is something independent of the act of observation.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Induction and Scientific Realism: Einstein versus van Fraassen Part Three: Einstein, Aim-Oriented Empiricism and the Discovery of Special and General Relativity|first=Nicholas|last=Maxwell|date=1 January 1993|volume=44|issue=2|pages=275–305|doi=10.1093/bjps/44.2.275|jstor=687649|journal=The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science}}</ref>}}<br>
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You are the only contemporary physicist, besides Laue, who sees that one cannot get around the assumption of reality, if only one is honest. Most of them simply do not see what sort of risky game they are playing with reality—reality as something independent of what is experimentally established. Their interpretation is, however, refuted most elegantly by your system of radioactive atom + amplifier + charge of gun powder + cat in a box, in which the psi-function of the system contains both the cat alive and blown to bits. Nobody really doubts that the presence or absence of the cat is something independent of the act of observation.
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Note that the charge of gunpowder is not mentioned in Schrödinger's setup, which uses a Geiger counter as an amplifier and hydrocyanic poison instead of gunpowder. The gunpowder had been mentioned in Einstein's original suggestion to Schrödinger 15 years before, and Einstein carried it forward to the present discussion.

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==实验解释==

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==Interpretations of the experiment==<br>
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Since Schrödinger's time, other interpretations of quantum mechanics have been proposed that give different answers to the questions posed by Schrödinger's cat of how long superpositions last and when (or ''whether'') they collapse.
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===哥本哈根诠释===
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===多世界诠释和历史一致论===
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[[文件:Film.jpg|缩略图|右|用多世界诠释解释量子力学“薛定谔的猫”悖论。多世界诠释认为每一个事件都是一个分支点。不管盒子是否打开，猫都是既活着也死了，但“活着的”和“死了的”猫在宇宙的不同分支中，同样真实但不能相互作用。]]
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===Copenhagen interpretation===<br>
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<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Schrodingers-cat-desmos-graph.png|thumb|The likelihood for which Schrödinger's cat is dead is invariant irrespective of time.]] -->
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<!-- Deleted image removed: The likelihood for which Schrödinger's cat is dead is invariant irrespective of time. -->
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<!-- Deleted image removed: The likelihood for which Schrödinger's cat is dead is invariant irrespective of time.-->
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{{Main|Copenhagen interpretation}}
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A commonly held interpretation of quantum mechanics is the Copenhagen interpretation.<ref name="Wimmel1992">{{cite book|first=Hermann|last=Wimmel|title=Quantum physics & observed reality: a critical interpretation of quantum mechanics|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-4sJ_fgyZJEC&pg=PA2|accessdate=9 May 2011|year=1992|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-1010-6|page=2|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520185205/http://books.google.com/books?id=-4sJ_fgyZJEC&pg=PA2|archivedate=20 May 2013}}</ref>  In the Copenhagen interpretation, a system stops being a superposition of states and becomes either one or the other when an observation takes place. This thought experiment makes apparent the fact that the nature of [[Measurement in quantum mechanics|measurement]], or observation, is not well-defined in this interpretation. The experiment can be interpreted to mean that while the box is closed, the system simultaneously exists in a superposition of the states "decayed nucleus/dead cat" and "undecayed nucleus/living cat", and that only when the box is opened and an observation performed does the [[wave function]] collapse into one of the two states.
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However, one of the main scientists associated with the Copenhagen interpretation, [[Niels Bohr]], never had in mind the observer-induced collapse of the wave function, as he did not regard the wave function as physically real, but a statistical tool; thus, Schrödinger's cat did not pose any riddle to him. The cat would be either dead or alive long before the box is opened by a conscious [[Observer (quantum physics)|observer]].<ref name='Faye2008'>{{cite web | url = http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-copenhagen/ | title = Copenhagen Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics | accessdate = 2010-09-19 | last = Faye | first = J | date = 2008-01-24 | encyclopedia = [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] | publisher = The Metaphysics Research Lab Center for the Study of Language and Information, [[Stanford University]]}}</ref> Analysis of an actual experiment found that measurement alone (for example by a Geiger counter) is sufficient to collapse a quantum wave function before there is any conscious observation of the measurement,<ref name='Carpenter2006'>{{cite journal | title = The death of Schroedinger's cat and of consciousness-based wave-function collapse | journal = [[Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie]] | year = 2006 | author = Carpenter RHS, Anderson AJ | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 45–52| id = | url = http://www.ensmp.fr/aflb/AFLB-311/aflb311m387.pdf  | accessdate = 2010-09-10 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20061130173850/http://www.ensmp.fr/aflb/AFLB-311/aflb311m387.pdf |archivedate = 2006-11-30}}</ref> although the validity of their design is disputed.<ref name='Okon2006'>{{cite journal | title = How to Back up or Refute Quantum Theories of Consciousness | journal = Mind and Matter | year = 2016 | author = Okón E, Sebastián MA | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 25–49}}</ref> (The view that the "observation" is taken when a particle from the nucleus hits the detector can be developed into [[objective collapse theories]]. The thought experiment requires an "unconscious observation" by the detector in order for waveform collapse to occur. In contrast, the [[many worlds]] approach denies that collapse ever occurs.)
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===Many-worlds interpretation and consistent histories===<br>
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[[File:Schroedingers cat film.svg|thumb|right|350px|The quantum-mechanical "Schrödinger's cat" paradox according to the many-worlds interpretation. In this interpretation, every event is a branch point. The cat is both alive and dead—regardless of whether the box is opened—but the "alive" and "dead" cats are in different branches of the universe that are equally real but cannot interact with each other.|链接=Special:FilePath/Schroedingers_cat_film.svg]]
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The quantum-mechanical "Schrödinger's cat" paradox according to the many-worlds interpretation. In this interpretation, every event is a branch point. The cat is both alive and dead—regardless of whether the box is opened—but the "alive" and "dead" cats are in different branches of the universe that are equally real but cannot interact with each other.
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{{Main|Many-worlds interpretation}}
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In 1957, [[Hugh Everett]] formulated the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, which does not single out observation as a special process. In the many-worlds interpretation, both alive and dead states of the cat persist after the box is opened, but are [[quantum decoherence|decoherent]] from each other. In other words, when the box is opened, the observer and the possibly-dead cat split into an observer looking at a box with a dead cat, and an observer looking at a box with a live cat. But since the dead and alive states are decoherent, there is no effective communication or interaction between them.
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1957年，休·埃弗莱特提出了量子力学的多世界诠释，该诠释并不把观察视为一个特殊过程。在多世界诠释中，盒子打开后，活猫和死猫仍然存在，但彼此之间是退相干的。换句话说，盒子被打开时，观察者和可能死亡的猫分裂成两个分支：观察者看着盒中的死猫，观察者看着盒中的活猫。但由于死态和活态是退相干的，它们之间无法发生有效的交流或相互作用。

1957年，休·埃弗莱特提出了量子力学的多世界诠释，该诠释并不把观察视为一个特殊过程。在多世界诠释中，盒子打开后，活猫和死猫仍然存在，但彼此之间是退相干的。换句话说，盒子被打开时，观察者和可能死亡的猫分裂成两个分支：观察者看着盒中的死猫，观察者看着盒中的活猫。但由于死态和活态是退相干的，它们之间无法发生有效的交流或相互作用。
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When opening the box, the observer becomes entangled with the cat, so "observer states" corresponding to the cat's being alive and dead are formed; each observer state is [[quantum entanglement|entangled or linked]] with the cat so that the "observation of the cat's state" and the "cat's state" correspond with each other.  Quantum decoherence ensures that the different outcomes have no interaction with each other. The same mechanism of quantum decoherence is also important for the interpretation in terms of [[consistent histories]]. Only the "dead cat" or the "alive cat" can be a part of a consistent history in this interpretation. Decoherence is generally considered to prevent simultaneous observation of multiple states.<ref name="zurek03">{{cite journal | last1 = Zurek | first1 = Wojciech H. | authorlink = Wojciech H. Zurek | year = 2003 | title = Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical | arxiv = quant-ph/0105127 | journal = Reviews of Modern Physics | volume = 75 | issue = 3| page = 715 | doi=10.1103/revmodphys.75.715| bibcode = 2003RvMP...75..715Z }}</ref><ref name="zurek91">[[Wojciech H. Zurek]], "Decoherence and the transition from quantum to classical", ''Physics Today'', 44, pp. 36–44 (1991)</ref>
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A variant of the Schrödinger's cat experiment, known as the [[Quantum suicide and immortality|quantum suicide]] machine, has been proposed by cosmologist [[Max Tegmark]]. It examines the Schrödinger's cat experiment from the point of view of the cat, and argues that by using this approach, one may be able to distinguish between the Copenhagen interpretation and many-worlds.

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===系综诠释===
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'''系综诠释 ensemble interpretation'''指出，叠加态不过是一个更大系综的子系综。态矢量不适用于单个猫实验，而仅适用于大量相似准备的猫实验的统计数据。该诠释的支持者认为，这使得薛定谔的猫悖论变得无关紧要，或者说根本不是问题。
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===Ensemble interpretation===<br>
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===关系诠释===

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'''关系诠释 relational interpretation'''认为人类实验者、猫或装置之间，或者生命体与非生命体之间没有本质区别；所有这些遵循相同波函数演化规则的量子系统都可以被认为是“观察者”。但是关系诠释允许不同的观察者根据掌握的不同盒内系统信息<ref name=":15">Rovelli, Carlo (1996). "Relational Quantum Mechanics". International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 35 (8): 1637–1678. arXiv:quant-ph/9609002. Bibcode:1996IJTP...35.1637R. doi:10.1007/BF02302261. S2CID 16325959.</ref>，对同一系列事件给出不同的解释。猫可以被认为是装置的观察者；同时，实验者可以被认为是盒内系统（猫和装置）的另一个观察者。在盒子被打开之前，根据自身的死活，猫拥有关于设备状态的信息（原子要么已经衰变要么没有衰变）；但是实验者并不掌握这些信息。这样，在同一时刻两个观察者对于盒子的状态有不同的描述：对猫来说，装置的波函数“坍缩”了，对实验者来说，盒内系统处于叠加态。直到盒子被打开，两个观察者对所发生的事情都掌握了同样的信息，两个系统才“坍缩”为同样一个确定结果，既猫不是活着就是死了。

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The [[Ensemble Interpretation|ensemble interpretation]] states that superpositions are nothing but subensembles of a larger statistical ensemble. The state vector would not apply to individual cat experiments, but only to the statistics of many similarly prepared cat experiments. Proponents of this interpretation state that this makes the Schrödinger's cat paradox a trivial matter, or a non-issue.
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'''<font color=”#ff8000”>系综诠释ensemble interpretation</font>'''指出，叠加态不过是一个更大系综的子系综。态矢量不适用于单个猫实验，而仅适用于大量相似准备的猫实验的统计数据。该诠释的支持者认为，这使得薛定谔的猫悖论变得无关紧要，或者说根本不是问题。
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This interpretation serves to ''discard'' the idea that a single physical system in quantum mechanics has a mathematical description that corresponds to it in any way.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Smolin|first=Lee|date=October 2012|title=A real ensemble interpretation of quantum mechanics|journal=Foundations of Physics|volume=42|issue=10|pages=1239–1261|doi=10.1007/s10701-012-9666-4|issn=0015-9018|arxiv=1104.2822|bibcode=2012FoPh...42.1239S}}</ref>
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===Relational interpretation===<br>
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The [[Relational quantum mechanics|relational interpretation]] makes no fundamental distinction between the human experimenter, the cat, or the apparatus, or between animate and inanimate systems; all are quantum systems governed by the same rules of wavefunction [[Time evolution|evolution]], and all may be considered "observers". But the relational interpretation allows that different observers can give different accounts of the same series of events, depending on the information they have about the system.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last = Rovelli|first = Carlo|authorlink = Carlo Rovelli|title = Relational Quantum Mechanics|journal = International Journal of Theoretical Physics|volume = 35|pages = 1637–1678|year = 1996|arxiv = quant-ph/9609002 |doi = 10.1007/BF02302261|bibcode = 1996IJTP...35.1637R|issue = 8 }}</ref> The cat can be considered an observer of the apparatus; meanwhile, the experimenter can be considered another observer of the system in the box (the cat plus the apparatus). Before the box is opened, the cat, by nature of its being alive or dead, has information about the state of the apparatus (the atom has either decayed or not decayed); but the experimenter does not have information about the state of the box contents. In this way, the two observers simultaneously have different accounts of the situation: To the cat, the wavefunction of the apparatus has appeared to "collapse"; to the experimenter, the contents of the box appear to be in superposition. Not until the box is opened, and both observers have the same information about what happened, do both system states appear to "collapse" into the same definite result, a cat that is either alive or dead.
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'''<font color="”#ff8000”">关系诠释relational interpretation</font>'''认为人类实验者、猫或装置之间，或者生命体与非生命体之间没有本质区别；所有这些遵循相同波函数演化规则的量子系统都可以被认为是“观察者”。但是关系诠释允许不同的观察者根据掌握的不同盒内系统信息<ref name=":3" /> ，对同一系列事件给出不同的解释。猫可以被认为是装置的观察者；同时，实验者可以被认为是盒内系统（猫和装置）的另一个观察者。在盒子被打开之前，根据自身的死活，猫拥有关于设备状态的信息（原子要么已经衰变要么没有衰变）；但是实验者并不掌握这些信息。这样，在同一时刻两个观察者对于盒子的状态有不同的描述：对猫来说，装置的波函数“坍缩”了，对实验者来说，盒内系统处于叠加态。直到盒子被打开，两个观察者对所发生的事情都掌握了同样的信息，两个系统才“坍缩”为同样一个确定结果，既猫不是活着就是死了。
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===Transactional interpretation===<br>
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In the [[transactional interpretation]] the apparatus emits an advanced wave backward in time, which combined with the wave that the source emits forward in time, forms a standing wave.  The waves are seen as physically real, and the apparatus is considered an "observer". In the transactional interpretation, the collapse of the wavefunction is "atemporal" and occurs along the whole transaction between the source and the apparatus. The cat is never in superposition.  Rather the cat is only in one state at any particular time, regardless of when the human experimenter looks in the box.  The transactional interpretation resolves this quantum paradox.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Cramer|first=John G.|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280926546|title=The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics|publisher=Reviews of Modern Physics|date=July 1986|isbn=|volume=58|location=|pages=647–685}}</ref>
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===交易诠释===
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===量子芝诺效应===
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'''量子芝诺效应 zeno effect'''指延缓量子从对初始状态到其他状态的演化。
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===客观坍缩理论===
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===Zeno effects===<br>
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The [[Quantum Zeno effect|Zeno effect]] is known to cause delays to any changes from the initial state.
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'''<font color=”#ff8000”>量子芝诺效应zeno effect</font>'''指延缓量子从对初始状态到其他状态的演化。
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On the other hand, the anti-Zeno effect accelerates the changes. For example, if you peek a look into the cat box frequently you may either cause delays to the fateful choice or, conversely, accelerate it.  Both the Zeno effect and the anti-Zeno effect are real and known to happen to real atoms. The quantum system being measured must be strongly coupled to the surrounding environment (in this case to the apparatus, the experiment room ... etc.) in order to obtain more accurate information. But while there is no information passed to the outside world, it is considered to be a ''quasi-measurement'', but as soon as the information about the cat's well-being is passed on to the outside world (by peeking into the box) quasi-measurement turns into measurement.  Quasi-measurements, like measurements, cause the Zeno effects.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|title=How the quantum Zeno effect impacts Schrodinger's cat|url=https://phys.org/news/2017-06-quantum-zeno-effect-impacts-schroedinger.html|website=phys.org|accessdate=18 June 2017|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617153012/https://phys.org/news/2017-06-quantum-zeno-effect-impacts-schroedinger.html|archivedate=17 June 2017}}</ref>  Zeno effects teach us that even without peeking into the box, the death of the cat would have been delayed or accelerated anyway due to its environment.
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===Objective collapse theories===<br>
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According to [[objective collapse theories]], superpositions are destroyed spontaneously (irrespective of external observation), when some objective physical threshold (of time, mass, temperature, [[irreversibility]], etc.) is reached. Thus, the cat would be expected to have settled into a definite state long before the box is opened. This could loosely be phrased as "the cat observes itself", or "the environment observes the cat".
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Objective collapse theories require a modification of standard quantum mechanics to allow superpositions to be destroyed by the process of time evolution.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Okon|first=Elias|last2=Sudarsky|first2=Daniel|date=2014-02-01|title=Benefits of Objective Collapse Models for Cosmology and Quantum Gravity|journal=Foundations of Physics|language=en|volume=44|issue=2|pages=114–143|doi=10.1007/s10701-014-9772-6|issn=1572-9516|arxiv=1309.1730|bibcode=2014FoPh...44..114O}}</ref>
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==Applications and tests==<br>
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[[File:Quantum superposition of states and decoherence.ogv|thumb|upright=1.5|Schrödinger's cat quantum superposition of states and effect of the environment through decoherence|链接=Special:FilePath/Quantum_superposition_of_states_and_decoherence.ogv]]
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Schrödinger's cat quantum superposition of states and effect of the environment through decoherence
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==应用和测试==

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* 多光子的“猫态”已经实现<ref name=":20">"Schrödinger's Cat Now Made Of Light". www.science20.com. 27 August 2014. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012.</ref>。
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The experiment as described is a purely theoretical one, and the machine proposed is not known to have been constructed. However, successful experiments involving similar principles, e.g. superpositions of [[mesoscopic|relatively large]] (by the standards of quantum physics) objects have been performed.<ref name=":7">{{cite web|url=http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/3309/what-is-the-worlds-biggest-schrodinger-cat|title=What is the world's biggest Schrodinger cat?|website=stackexchange.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108000629/http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/3309/what-is-the-worlds-biggest-schrodinger-cat|archivedate=2012-01-08}}</ref> These experiments do not show that a cat-sized object can be superposed, but the known upper limit on "[[cat state]]s" has been pushed upwards by them. In many cases the state is short-lived, even when cooled to near [[absolute zero]].
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* 观测到处于叠加态的被捕获的铍离子<ref name=":21">C. Monroe, et al. A "Schrödinger Cat" Superposition State of an Atom Archived 2012-01-07 at the Wayback Machine</ref>。

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* A "cat state" has been achieved with photons.<ref name=":8">{{cite web|url=http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|title=Schrödinger's Cat Now Made Of Light|date=27 August 2014|website=www.science20.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318091956/http://www.science20.com/news_articles/schr%C3%B6dingers_cat_now_made_light|archivedate=18 March 2012}}</ref><br>多光子的“猫态”已经实现<ref name=":8" />
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* A beryllium ion has been trapped in a superposed state.<ref name=":9">[http://www.quantumsciencephilippines.com/seminar/seminar-topics/SchrodingerCatAtom.pdf C. Monroe, et al. ''A "Schrödinger Cat" Superposition State of an Atom''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107013418/http://www.quantumsciencephilippines.com/seminar/seminar-topics/SchrodingerCatAtom.pdf |date=2012-01-07 }}</ref><br>观测到处于叠加态的被捕获的铍离子<ref name=":9" />。
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* An experiment involving a [[superconducting quantum interference device]] ("SQUID") has been linked to the theme of the thought experiment: "The superposition state does not correspond to a billion electrons flowing one way and a billion others flowing the other way. Superconducting electrons move en masse. All the superconducting electrons in the SQUID flow both ways around the loop at once when they are in the Schrödinger's cat state."<ref name=":10">[https://physicsworld.com/a/schrodingers-cat-comes-into-view/ Physics World: ''Schrödinger's cat comes into view'']</ref><br>一项涉及超导量子干涉仪（ SQUID）的实验与薛定谔思想实验的主题联系在一起：“叠加态并不是说十亿个电子正向流动，十亿个电子反向流动。超导电子总是沿同一方向移动，当超导量子干涉仪中的所有超导电子都处于薛定谔的猫态<ref name=":10" />时，它们会同时在回路中双向流动。“
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* A [[piezoelectric]] "tuning fork" has been constructed, which can be placed into a superposition of vibrating and non vibrating states. The resonator comprises about 10 trillion atoms.<ref name=":11">[http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quantum-microphone Scientific American :'' Macro-Weirdness: "Quantum Microphone" Puts Naked-Eye Object in 2 Places at Once: A new device tests the limits of Schrödinger's cat''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319021316/http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=quantum-microphone |date=2012-03-19 }}</ref><br>一种压电“音叉”已经被制造出来，可被置于振动和非振动状态的叠加态。谐振器包含约10万亿个原子<ref name=":11" />。
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* An experiment involving a flu virus has been proposed.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/arxiv/24101/|title=How to Create Quantum Superpositions of Living Things|first=Emerging Technology from the|last=arXiv|publisher=}}</ref><br>一项涉及流感病毒的实验已被提出<ref name=":12" />。
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* An experiment involving a bacterium and an electromechanical oscillator has been proposed.<ref name=":13">{{cite web|url=http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2015/sep/21/could-schrodingers-bacterium-be-placed-in-a-quantum-superposition|title=Could 'Schrödinger's bacterium' be placed in a quantum superposition?|website=physicsworld.com|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730174613/http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2015/sep/21/could-schrodingers-bacterium-be-placed-in-a-quantum-superposition|archivedate=2016-07-30}}</ref><br>一项利用机电振荡器和细菌的实验已被提出<ref name=":13" />。
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* 一项涉及超导量子干涉仪（ SQUID）的实验与薛定谔思想实验的主题联系在一起：“叠加态并不是说十亿个电子正向流动，十亿个电子反向流动。超导电子总是沿同一方向移动，当超导量子干涉仪中的所有超导电子都处于薛定谔的猫态<ref name=":22">Physics World: Schrödinger's cat comes into view</ref>时，它们会同时在回路中双向流动。”
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* 一种压电“音叉”已经被制造出来，可被置于振动和非振动状态的叠加态。谐振器包含约10万亿个原子<ref name=":23">Scientific American : Macro-Weirdness: "Quantum Microphone" Puts Naked-Eye Object in 2 Places at Once: A new device tests the limits of Schrödinger's cat Archived 2012-03-19 at the Wayback Machine</ref>。
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* 一项涉及流感病毒的实验已被提出<ref name=":24">arXiv, Emerging Technology from the. "How to Create Quantum Superpositions of Living Things".</ref>。
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In [[quantum computing]] the phrase "cat state" sometimes refers to the [[Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state|GHZ state]], wherein several qubits are in an equal superposition of all being 0 and all being 1; e.g.,
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* 一项利用机电振荡器和细菌的实验已被提出<ref name=":25">"Could 'Schrödinger's bacterium' be placed in a quantum superposition?". physicsworld.com. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30.</ref>。

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:$| \psi \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \bigg( | 00\ldots0 \rangle + |11\ldots1 \rangle \bigg).$

$| \psi \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \bigg( | 00\ldots0 \rangle + |11\ldots1 \rangle \bigg).$

$| \psi \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \bigg( | 00\ldots0 \rangle + |11\ldots1 \rangle \bigg).$
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(| 00 ldots0 rangle + | 11 ldots1 rangle  bigg).数学
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According to at least one proposal, it may be possible to determine the state of the cat ''before'' observing it.<ref name="LS-20191107">{{cite news |last=Najjar |first=Dana |title=Physicists Can Finally Peek at Schrödinger's Cat Without Killing It Forever |url=https://www.livescience.com/schrodingers-cat-can-be-peeked-at.html |date=7 November 2019 |work=[[Live Science]] |accessdate=7 November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="NJP-20191001">{{cite journal |last1=Patekar |first1=Kartik |last2=Hofmann |first2=Holger F. |title=The role of system–meter entanglement in controlling the resolution and decoherence of quantum measurements |journal=[[New Journal of Physics]] |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=103006 |doi=10.1088/1367-2630/ab4451 |year=2019 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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==Extensions==<br>
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[[Wigner's friend]] is a variant on the experiment with two human observers: the first makes an observation on whether a flash of light is seen and then communicates his observation to a second observer. The issue here is, does the wave function "collapse" when the first observer looks at the experiment, or only when the second observer is informed of the first observer's observations?
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==扩展==

“维格纳的朋友”是薛定谔实验的一个变体。实验中有两个人类观察者：第一个观察者通过观察确定是否看到闪光，然后将观察结果传递给第二个观察者。问题是，波函数究竟何时“坍缩”？是在第一个观察者进行观察时，还是只有当第二个观察者知道了第一个观察者的观察结果时？

“维格纳的朋友”是薛定谔实验的一个变体。实验中有两个人类观察者：第一个观察者通过观察确定是否看到闪光，然后将观察结果传递给第二个观察者。问题是，波函数究竟何时“坍缩”？是在第一个观察者进行观察时，还是只有当第二个观察者知道了第一个观察者的观察结果时？
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==另请参阅==
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* 基本功能
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In another extension, prominent physicists have gone so far as to suggest that astronomers observing [[dark energy]] in the universe in 1998 may have "reduced its life expectancy" through a pseudo-Schrödinger's cat scenario, although this is a controversial viewpoint.<ref name=":14">{{cite web
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* 互补性（物理）

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In another extension, prominent physicists have gone so far as to suggest that astronomers observing dark energy in the universe in 1998 may have "reduced its life expectancy" through a pseudo-Schrödinger's cat scenario, although this is a controversial viewpoint.<nowiki><ref>{{cite web
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>first      =Marcus
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>first      =Marcus
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>authorlink  =Marcus Chown
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* 共识现实
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>authorlink  =Marcus Chown
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* 双缝实验
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* Elitzur–Vaidman炸弹测试仪
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>title      =Has observing the universe hastened its end?
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* 半衰期
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>title      =Has observing the universe hastened its end?
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* 海森堡切
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* 麦克斯韦的恶魔
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<nowiki> </nowiki><nowiki>|</nowiki>work        =[[New Scientist]]
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* 测量问题
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|work        =New Scientist
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* 微黑洞
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* 情态现实主义
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|date        =2007-11-22
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* 观察者效应（物理）
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|date        =2007-11-22
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* 薛定谔故障
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* 流行文化中的薛定谔的猫

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|url        =https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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|url        =https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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Https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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|archiveurl  =https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002305/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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|archiveurl  =https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002305/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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| archiveurl  https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002305/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19626313-800-has-observing-the-universe-hastened-its-end/
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2016-03-10
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| first =Lawrence M.
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| authorlink =Lawrence M. Krauss
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| authorlink =Lawrence M. Krauss
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| title =Late Time Behavior of False Vacuum Decay: Possible Implications for Cosmology and Metastable Inflating States
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| title =Late Time Behavior of False Vacuum Decay: Possible Implications for Cosmology and Metastable Inflating States
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| journal =Phys. Rev. Lett.
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171301页
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| location =US
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| 位置: US
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| date =April 30, 2008
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| date =April 30, 2008
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| arxiv =0711.1821
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| arxiv =0711.1821
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0711.1821
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| doi =10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.171301
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| doi =10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.171301
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| doi 10.1103 / physrvlett. 100.171301
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| pmid =18518269
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18518269
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| id |bibcode =2008PhRvL.100q1301K }}</nowiki></ref>
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*基本功能 [[Basis function]]
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*互补性（物理） [[Complementarity (physics)]]
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*共识现实 [[Consensus reality]]
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*双缝实验 [[Double-slit experiment]]
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*Elitzur–Vaidman炸弹测试仪 [[Elitzur–Vaidman bomb tester]]
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*半衰期 [[Half-life]]
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*海森堡切 [[Heisenberg cut]]
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*麦克斯韦的恶魔 [[Maxwell's Demon]]
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*测量问题 [[Measurement problem]]
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*微黑洞 [[Micro black hole]]
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*情态现实主义 [[Modal realism]]
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*观察者效应（物理） [[Observer effect (physics)]]
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*薛定谔故障 [[Schroedinbug]]
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*流行文化中的薛定谔的猫 [[Schrödinger's cat in popular culture]]
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{{div col end}}
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==References==
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==参考文献==

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Reflist|30em}}
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==延申阅读==

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* The EPR paper: {{cite journal|last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |last2=Podolsky|first2=Boris |last3=Rosen|first3=Nathan |title=Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?|journal=Physical Review|date=15 May 1935|volume=47|issue=10|pages=777–780|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 |bibcode=1935PhRv...47..777E|doi-access=free}}
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* The EPR paper: {{cite journal|last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |last2=Podolsky|first2=Boris |last3=Rosen|first3=Nathan|author-link1=Albert Einstein |author-link2=Boris Podolsky |author-link3=Nathan Rosen |title=Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?|journal=Physical Review|date=15 May 1935|volume=47|issue=10|pages=777–780|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 |bibcode=1935PhRv...47..777E|doi-access=free}}

* {{cite web |last1=Leggett |first1=Tony |title=New Life for Schrödinger's Cat |url=https://jrfriedman.people.amherst.edu/Leggett%20Physics%20World%20article/PW%20article.pdf |pages=23–24 |date= August 2000 |publisher=Physics World |accessdate=28 February 2020}} An article on experiments with "cat state" superpositions in superconducting rings, in which the electrons go around the ring in two directions simultaneously.

* {{cite web |last1=Leggett |first1=Tony |title=New Life for Schrödinger's Cat |url=https://jrfriedman.people.amherst.edu/Leggett%20Physics%20World%20article/PW%20article.pdf |pages=23–24 |date= August 2000 |publisher=Physics World |accessdate=28 February 2020}} An article on experiments with "cat state" superpositions in superconducting rings, in which the electrons go around the ring in two directions simultaneously.
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* {{cite journal | first=John D.| last=Trimmer | title=The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics: A Translation of Schrödinger's "Cat Paradox" Paper | journal=[[Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society]] | volume =124| issue= 5 | pages=323–338 | date=1980 | jstor=986572 }}{{registration required}}
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* {{cite journal | first=John D.| last=Trimmer | title=The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics: A Translation of Schrödinger's "Cat Paradox" Paper | journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society | volume =124| issue= 5 | pages=323–338 | date=1980 }}
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* {{cite journal |last1=Yam |first1=Phillip |title=Bringing Schrödinger's Cat to Life |journal=Scientific American |date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bringing-schrodingers-quantum-cat-to-life/ |accessdate=28 February 2020}} A description of investigations of quantum "cat states" and wave function collapse by [[Serge Haroche]] and [[David J. Wineland]], for which they won the 2012 [[List of Nobel laureates in Physics|Nobel Prize in Physics]].
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* {{cite journal |last1=Yam |first1=Phillip |title=Bringing Schrödinger's Cat to Life |journal=Scientific American |date=October 9, 2012 |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bringing-schrodingers-quantum-cat-to-life/ |accessdate=28 February 2020}} A description of investigations of quantum "cat states" and wave function collapse by Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland, for which they won the 2012 List of Nobel laureates in Physics.
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==外部链接==
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* A spoken word version of this article (created from a revision of the article dated 2013-08-12).
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* [http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/experiments/schrodingerscat/ Schrödinger's Cat]'' from the Information Philosopher.
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* [http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/schrodinger.htm Schrödinger's Cat - Sixty Symbols] - a video published by  the University of Nottingham.

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{{Commons category|Schrödinger's Cat}}
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* [[:File:Schrodingers-cat.ogg|A spoken word version]] of this article (created from a revision of the article dated 2013-08-12).
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* ''[http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/experiments/schrodingerscat/ Schrödinger's Cat]'' from the Information Philosopher.
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* [http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/schrodinger.htm Schrödinger's Cat - Sixty Symbols] - a video published by  the [[University of Nottingham]].

* [http://soundcloud.com/siftpodcast/schr-dingers-cat Schrödinger's Cat] - a podcast produced by Sift.

* [http://soundcloud.com/siftpodcast/schr-dingers-cat Schrödinger's Cat] - a podcast produced by Sift.
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==编者推荐==
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===集智文章推荐===
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===课程推荐===
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{{Quantum mechanics topics}}
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===文章推荐===

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[[Category:Quantum measurement]]
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[[Category:Thought experiments in quantum mechanics]]
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
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===视频推荐===
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Category:Articles containing video clips
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'''本词条内容源自wikipedia及公开资料，遵守 CC3.0协议。'''
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<noinclude>
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[[category:物理概念]]
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<small>This page was moved from [[wikipedia:en:Schrödinger's cat]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[薛定谔的猫/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>
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[[category:物理悖论]]
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[[Category:待整理页面]]
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[[category:量子测量]]
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