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第219行： − <math>\mathsf{P \subseteq BPP \subseteq BQP \subseteq PP \subseteq PSPACE}</math>
→物理实现
*单分子磁体（量子比特由自旋态给出）<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leuenberger |first1=Michael N. |last2=Loss |first2=Daniel |title=Quantum computing in molecular magnets |journal=Nature |date=April 2001 |volume=410 |issue=6830 |pages=789–793 |doi=10.1038/35071024 |pmid=11298441 |arxiv=cond-mat/0011415 |bibcode=2001Natur.410..789L }}</ref>
*单分子磁体（量子比特由自旋态给出）<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leuenberger |first1=Michael N. |last2=Loss |first2=Daniel |title=Quantum computing in molecular magnets |journal=Nature |date=April 2001 |volume=410 |issue=6830 |pages=789–793 |doi=10.1038/35071024 |pmid=11298441 |arxiv=cond-mat/0011415 |bibcode=2001Natur.410..789L }}</ref>
*基于富勒烯的电子顺磁共振<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harneit |first1=Wolfgang |title=Fullerene-based electron-spin quantum computer |journal= Physical Review A|date=27 February 2002 |volume=65 |issue=3 |page=032322 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.65.032322 |bibcode=2002PhRvA..65c2322H }}https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257976907_Fullerene-based_electron-spin_quantum_computer</ref>量子计算机（基于内表面富勒烯）
*基于富勒烯的电子顺磁共振<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Harneit |first1=Wolfgang |title=Fullerene-based electron-spin quantum computer |journal= Physical Review A|date=27 February 2002 |volume=65 |issue=3 |page=032322 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.65.032322 |bibcode=2002PhRvA..65c2322H }}https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257976907_Fullerene-based_electron-spin_quantum_computer</ref>量子计算机（基于内表面富勒烯）
*非线性光学量子计算机（通过线性和非线性光学元件处理光的不同模式状态实现的量子比特）<ref name="qc1988">K. Igeta and Y. Yamamoto. "Quantum mechanical computers with single atom and photon fields." International Quantum Electronics Conference (1988) https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=IQEC-1988-TuI4</ref><ref name="chuang1995">I.L. Chuang and Y. Yamamoto. "Simple quantum computer." Physical Review A 52, 5, 3489 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.3489</ref>
*非线性光学量子计算机（通过线性和非线性光学元件处理光的不同模式状态实现的量子比特）<ref name="qc1988">K. Igeta and Y. Yamamoto. "Quantum mechanical computers with single atom and photon fields." International Quantum Electronics Conference (1988) https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=IQEC-1988-TuI4</ref><ref name="chuang1995">I.L. Chuang and Y. Yamamoto. "Simple quantum computer." Physical Review A 52, 5, 3489 (1995) https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.3489</ref>
*线性光学量子计算（通过线性元件（如反射镜、分束器和移相器处理光的不同模式状态实现的量子比特）<ref name="KLM2001">{{cite journal |last1=Knill |first1=G. J. |last2=Laflamme |last3=Milburn |title=A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics |journal=Nature |year=2001 |volume=409 |doi=10.1038/35051009 |bibcode = 2001Natur.409...46K |first2=R. |first3=G. J. |issue=6816 |pmid=11343107 |pages=46–52|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/054b680165a7325569ca6e63028ca9cee7f3ac9a }}</ref>
*线性光学量子计算（通过线性元件（如反射镜、分束器和移相器处理光的不同模式状态实现的量子比特）<ref name="KLM2001">{{cite journal |last1=Knill |first1=G. J. |last2=Laflamme |last3=Milburn |title=A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics |journal=Nature |year=2001 |volume=409 |doi=10.1038/35051009 |bibcode = 2001Natur.409...46K |first2=R. |first3=G. J. |issue=6816 |pmid=11343107 |pages=46–52|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/054b680165a7325569ca6e63028ca9cee7f3ac9a }}</ref>