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An '''adaptive system''' is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either continuous physiological [[homeostasis]] or evolutionary [[adaptation]] in [[biology]]. [[Feedback loops]] represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as [[ecosystems]] and individual [[organisms]]; or in the human world, [[communities]], [[organizations]], and [[families]].
 
An '''adaptive system''' is a set of interacting or interdependent entities, real or abstract, forming an integrated whole that together are able to respond to environmental changes or changes in the interacting parts, in a way analogous to either continuous physiological [[homeostasis]] or evolutionary [[adaptation]] in [[biology]]. [[Feedback loops]] represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as [[ecosystems]] and individual [[organisms]]; or in the human world, [[communities]], [[organizations]], and [[families]].
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适应系统是一组相互作用或相互依存的实体,真实的或抽象的,形成一个完整的整体,共同能够响应相互作用部分的环境变化或变化,类似于生物学中持续的生理稳态或进化适应。反馈循环代表了适应系统的一个关键特征,例如生态系统和个体有机体; 或者在人类世界、社区、组织和家庭中。
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适应系统是一组相互作用或相互依存的实体,真实的或抽象的,形成一个完整的整体,作为整体能够响应相互作用部分的变化或环境的变化,类似于生物学中持续的生理稳态或进化适应。反馈循环代表了适应系统的一个关键特征,例如生态系统和个体有机体; 或者在人类世界、社区、组织和家庭中的反馈。
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Artificial adaptive systems include [[robots]] with [[control system]]s that utilize [[negative feedback]] to maintain desired states.
 
Artificial adaptive systems include [[robots]] with [[control system]]s that utilize [[negative feedback]] to maintain desired states.
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人工自适应系统包括具有控制系统的机器人,这些机器人利用负反馈来维持期望的状态。
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人工自适应系统包括具有控制系统的机器人,该控制系统利用负反馈来维持期望的状态。
    
==The law of adaptation==
 
==The law of adaptation==
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