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此词条由Jie翻译,由CecileLi初步审校,AvecSally 审校{{Infobox scientist
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此词条由Jie翻译,由CecileLi初步审校,AvecSally 审校
|name = Charles Darwin
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|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRGS|FLS|FZS|size=100%}}
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|birth_name = Charles Robert Darwin
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|image = Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg
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|caption = Darwin, {{circa}} 1854, when he was preparing ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' for publication{{sfn|Freeman|2007|p=76}}
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|birth_date = {{birth date|1809|2|12|df=y}}
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|birth_place = [[The Mount, Shrewsbury|The Mount]], [[Shrewsbury]], [[Shropshire]], England
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|death_date = {{death date and age|1882|4|19|1809|2|12|df=yes}}
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|death_place = [[Down House]], [[Downe]], [[Kent]], England
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|resting_place = [[Westminster Abbey]]
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|fields = [[Natural history]], [[geology]]
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|workplaces ={{plainlist|'''Tertiary education:'''
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* [[University of Edinburgh Medical School]] (medicine, no degree)
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* [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] [[Bachelor of Arts]] (1831)
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* [[Master of Arts]] (1836)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|url-status=dead|title=Charles Darwin's personal finances revealed in new find|date=22 March 2009|archivedate=19 October 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
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'''Professional institution:'''
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* [[Geological Society of London]]}}
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|doctoral_advisor = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time-->
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|academic_advisors = {{plainlist|
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* [[John Stevens Henslow]]
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* [[Adam Sedgwick]]}}
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|doctoral_students = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time-->
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|notable_students =
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|known_for = {{plainlist|
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* ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]''
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* ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''
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* ''[[The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex|The Descent of Man]]''}}
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|author_abbrev_bot =
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|author_abbrev_zoo =
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|influences = {{plainlist|
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* [[Charles Lyell]]
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* [[Alexander von Humboldt]]
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* [[John Herschel]]
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* [[Thomas Malthus]]
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* [[Gilbert White]]}}
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|influenced = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hooker]], [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], [[George Romanes|Romanes]], [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], [[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Lubbock]]
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|awards = {{Plainlist|
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* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1839)<ref name=frs>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|archivedate=16 March 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|publisher=Royal Society|location=London|title=Fellows of the Royal Society}}</ref>
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* [[Royal Medal]] (1853)
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* [[Wollaston Medal]] (1859)
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* [[Copley Medal]] (1864)
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* [[Legum Doctor|Doctor of Laws]] (Honorary), Cambridge (1877)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323205747/http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|url-status=dead|title=Darwin Endless Forms » Darwin in Cambridge|archivedate=23 March 2017}}</ref>}}
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|signature = Charles Darwin Signature.svg
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|signature_alt = "Charles Darwin", with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial "C"
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|footnotes =
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|spouse = {{marriage|[[Emma Darwin|Emma Wedgwood]]|1839}}
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|children = 10
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}}
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<!--Please consider discussing changes on the talk page, as this opening is the result of a very long consensus-building process.-->
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
|+ 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文 Charles Darwin
 
|+ 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文 Charles Darwin
 
|-
 
|-
! 标题文字 !! 1854年的达尔文,当时他正准备出版《物种起源》
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| 出生 || 1809年2月12日,什鲁斯伯里的达尔文庄园,英格兰什罗普郡
 
|-
 
|-
| 出生 || 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文
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| 逝世 || 1882年4月19日(73岁),Down House,郡达温,肯特,英格兰
1809年2月12日
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什鲁斯伯里的达尔文庄园,英格兰什罗普郡
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|-
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| 逝世 || 1882年4月19日(73岁)
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Down House,郡达温,肯特,英格兰
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|-
 
|-
 
| 公墓所在地 || 威斯敏斯特大教堂
 
| 公墓所在地 || 威斯敏斯特大教堂
 
|-
 
|-
| 闻名于 || 猎犬号航行
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| 闻名于 || 猎犬号航行;物种起源;人类的由来
物种起源
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人类的由来
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|-
 
|-
| 配偶 || 艾玛·韦奇伍德 (结婚于. 1839年)
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| 配偶 || Emma Wedgwood  (结婚于. 1839年)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 儿女 || 10
 
| 儿女 || 10
 
|-
 
|-
| 获奖 || •FRS(1839)[2]
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| 获奖 || *FRS(1839)<ref name=frs>{{cite web | title=Search Results: Record – Darwin; Charles Robert | website=catalogues.royalsociety.org | date=20 June 2015 | url=https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA8196&pos=1 | access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>
•皇家勋章(1853)
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*皇家勋章(1853)
•沃拉斯顿勋章(1859)
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*沃拉斯顿勋章(1859)
•科普利奖章(1864)
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*科普利奖章(1864)
•剑桥法学博士(荣誉)(1877年)[3]
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*剑桥法学博士(荣誉)(1877年)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323205747/http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|url-status=dead|title=Darwin Endless Forms » Darwin in Cambridge|archive-date=23 March 2017}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|  || 科学事业
 
|  || 科学事业
第88行: 第28行:  
爱丁堡大学医学院(医学,无学位)基督学院,
 
爱丁堡大学医学院(医学,无学位)基督学院,
 
剑桥艺术学士(1831)
 
剑桥艺术学士(1831)
文学硕士(1836)[4]
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文学硕士(1836)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|url-status=dead|title=Charles Darwin's personal finances revealed in new find|date=22 March 2009|archive-date=19 October 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
 
专业机构:
 
专业机构:
 
伦敦地质学会
 
伦敦地质学会
 
|-
 
|-
| 学术顾问 || 约翰·史蒂文斯·汉斯洛
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| 学术顾问 || John Stevens Henslow
亚当·塞奇威克
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|-
 
|-
| 影响 || •影响•查尔斯·莱尔
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| 影响 || Charles Lyell;Alexander von Humboldt;John Herschel;Thomas Malthus;Gilbert White
•亚历山大·冯·洪堡
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•约翰·赫歇尔
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•托马斯·马尔萨斯
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•吉尔伯特·怀特
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|-
 
|-
| 影响于 || 胡克,赫胥黎,罗曼斯,海克尔,拉伯克
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| 影响于 || Hooker, Huxley, Romanes, Haeckel, Lubbock
 
|}
 
|}
       
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