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− | 此词条由Jie翻译,由CecileLi初步审校,AvecSally 审校{{Infobox scientist | + | 此词条由Jie翻译,由CecileLi初步审校,AvecSally 审校 |
− | |name = Charles Darwin
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− | |honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRGS|FLS|FZS|size=100%}}
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− | |birth_name = Charles Robert Darwin
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− | |image = Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg
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− | |caption = Darwin, {{circa}} 1854, when he was preparing ''[[On the Origin of Species]]'' for publication{{sfn|Freeman|2007|p=76}}
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− | |birth_date = {{birth date|1809|2|12|df=y}}
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− | |birth_place = [[The Mount, Shrewsbury|The Mount]], [[Shrewsbury]], [[Shropshire]], England
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− | |death_date = {{death date and age|1882|4|19|1809|2|12|df=yes}}
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− | |death_place = [[Down House]], [[Downe]], [[Kent]], England
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− | |resting_place = [[Westminster Abbey]]
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− | |fields = [[Natural history]], [[geology]]
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− | |workplaces ={{plainlist|'''Tertiary education:'''
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− | * [[University of Edinburgh Medical School]] (medicine, no degree)
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− | * [[Christ's College, Cambridge|Christ's College]], [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]] [[Bachelor of Arts]] (1831)
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− | * [[Master of Arts]] (1836)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|url-status=dead|title=Charles Darwin's personal finances revealed in new find|date=22 March 2009|archivedate=19 October 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref>
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− | '''Professional institution:'''
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− | * [[Geological Society of London]]}}
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− | |doctoral_advisor = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time-->
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− | |academic_advisors = {{plainlist|
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− | * [[John Stevens Henslow]]
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− | * [[Adam Sedgwick]]}}
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− | |doctoral_students = <!--there were no PhDs in Cambridge at the time-->
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− | |notable_students =
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− | |known_for = {{plainlist|
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− | * ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]''
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− | * ''[[On the Origin of Species]]''
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− | * ''[[The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex|The Descent of Man]]''}}
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− | |author_abbrev_bot =
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− | |author_abbrev_zoo =
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− | |influences = {{plainlist|
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− | * [[Charles Lyell]]
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− | * [[Alexander von Humboldt]]
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− | * [[John Herschel]]
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− | * [[Thomas Malthus]]
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− | * [[Gilbert White]]}}
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− | |influenced = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hooker]], [[Thomas Henry Huxley|Huxley]], [[George Romanes|Romanes]], [[Ernst Haeckel|Haeckel]], [[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Lubbock]]
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− | |awards = {{Plainlist|
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− | * [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]] (1839)<ref name=frs>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|archivedate=16 March 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|publisher=Royal Society|location=London|title=Fellows of the Royal Society}}</ref>
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− | * [[Royal Medal]] (1853)
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− | * [[Wollaston Medal]] (1859)
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− | * [[Copley Medal]] (1864)
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− | * [[Legum Doctor|Doctor of Laws]] (Honorary), Cambridge (1877)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323205747/http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|url-status=dead|title=Darwin Endless Forms » Darwin in Cambridge|archivedate=23 March 2017}}</ref>}}
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− | |signature = Charles Darwin Signature.svg
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− | |signature_alt = "Charles Darwin", with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial "C"
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− | |footnotes =
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− | |spouse = {{marriage|[[Emma Darwin|Emma Wedgwood]]|1839}}
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− | |children = 10
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− | }}
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− | <!--Please consider discussing changes on the talk page, as this opening is the result of a very long consensus-building process.-->
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| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |+ 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文 Charles Darwin | | |+ 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文 Charles Darwin |
| |- | | |- |
− | ! 标题文字 !! 1854年的达尔文,当时他正准备出版《物种起源》
| + | | 出生 || 1809年2月12日,什鲁斯伯里的达尔文庄园,英格兰什罗普郡 |
| |- | | |- |
− | | 出生 || 查尔斯·罗伯特·达尔文
| + | | 逝世 || 1882年4月19日(73岁),Down House,郡达温,肯特,英格兰 |
− | 1809年2月12日
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− | 什鲁斯伯里的达尔文庄园,英格兰什罗普郡
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− | |-
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− | | 逝世 || 1882年4月19日(73岁) | |
− | Down House,郡达温,肯特,英格兰
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− | | |
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| | 公墓所在地 || 威斯敏斯特大教堂 | | | 公墓所在地 || 威斯敏斯特大教堂 |
| |- | | |- |
− | | 闻名于 || 猎犬号航行 | + | | 闻名于 || 猎犬号航行;物种起源;人类的由来 |
− | 物种起源
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− | 人类的由来
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− | | |
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− | | 配偶 || 艾玛·韦奇伍德 (结婚于. 1839年) | + | | 配偶 || Emma Wedgwood (结婚于. 1839年) |
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| | 儿女 || 10 | | | 儿女 || 10 |
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− | | 获奖 || •FRS(1839)[2] | + | | 获奖 || *FRS(1839)<ref name=frs>{{cite web | title=Search Results: Record – Darwin; Charles Robert | website=catalogues.royalsociety.org | date=20 June 2015 | url=https://catalogues.royalsociety.org/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=NA8196&pos=1 | access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> |
− | •皇家勋章(1853)
| + | *皇家勋章(1853) |
− | •沃拉斯顿勋章(1859)
| + | *沃拉斯顿勋章(1859) |
− | •科普利奖章(1864)
| + | *科普利奖章(1864) |
− | •剑桥法学博士(荣誉)(1877年)[3]
| + | *剑桥法学博士(荣誉)(1877年)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323205747/http://www.darwinendlessforms.org/darwin-in-cambridge/|url-status=dead|title=Darwin Endless Forms » Darwin in Cambridge|archive-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> |
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| | || 科学事业 | | | || 科学事业 |
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| 爱丁堡大学医学院(医学,无学位)基督学院, | | 爱丁堡大学医学院(医学,无学位)基督学院, |
| 剑桥艺术学士(1831) | | 剑桥艺术学士(1831) |
− | 文学硕士(1836)[4] | + | 文学硕士(1836)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019230458/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5032354/Charles-Darwins-personal-finances-revealed-in-new-find.html|url-status=dead|title=Charles Darwin's personal finances revealed in new find|date=22 March 2009|archive-date=19 October 2017|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> |
| 专业机构: | | 专业机构: |
| 伦敦地质学会 | | 伦敦地质学会 |
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− | | 学术顾问 || 约翰·史蒂文斯·汉斯洛 | + | | 学术顾问 || John Stevens Henslow |
− | 亚当·塞奇威克
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− | | 影响 || •影响•查尔斯·莱尔 | + | | 影响 || Charles Lyell;Alexander von Humboldt;John Herschel;Thomas Malthus;Gilbert White |
− | •亚历山大·冯·洪堡
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− | •约翰·赫歇尔
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− | •托马斯·马尔萨斯
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− | •吉尔伯特·怀特
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− | | 影响于 || 胡克,赫胥黎,罗曼斯,海克尔,拉伯克 | + | | 影响于 || Hooker, Huxley, Romanes, Haeckel, Lubbock |
| |} | | |} |
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