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Philosopher [[Jack Copeland]] has questioned various aspects of the coroner's historical verdict. He suggested an alternative explanation for the cause of Turing's death: the accidental inhalation of cyanide fumes from an apparatus used to [[electroplating|electroplate]] gold onto spoons. The [[potassium cyanide]] was used to [[Gold#Commercial chemistry|dissolve the gold]]. Turing had such an apparatus set up in his tiny spare room. Copeland noted that the autopsy findings were more consistent with inhalation than with ingestion of the poison. Turing also habitually ate an apple before going to bed, and it was not unusual for the apple to be discarded half-eaten.<ref name="Copeland">{{cite news | first = Roland | last = Pease | title = Alan Turing: Inquest's suicide verdict 'not supportable' | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18561092 | work = [[BBC News]] | date = 23 June 2012 | access-date = 23 June 2012 | quote = We have ... been recreating the narrative of Turing's life, and we have recreated him as an unhappy young man who committed suicide. But the evidence is not there. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120623101625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18561092 | archive-date = 23 June 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> Furthermore, Turing had reportedly borne his legal setbacks and hormone treatment (which had been discontinued a year previously) "with good humour" and had shown no sign of despondency prior to his death. He even set down a list of tasks that he intended to complete upon returning to his office after the holiday weekend.<ref name="Copeland" /> Turing's mother believed that the ingestion was accidental, resulting from her son's careless storage of laboratory chemicals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5685694 |title=TURING, Ethel Sara (1881–1976, mother of Alan Turing). Series of 11 autograph letters to Robin Gandy, Guilford, 28 July 1954 – 11 June 1971 (most before 1959), altogether 29 pages, 8vo (2 letters dated 17 May and 26 May 1955 incomplete, lacking continuation leaves, occasional light soiling) |website=christies.com |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015923/https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5685694 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biographer Andrew Hodges theorised that Turing arranged the delivery of the equipment to deliberately allow his mother [[plausible deniability]] with regard to any suicide claims.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|pp=488, 489}}</ref>[[File:Alan Turing OBE.jpg|thumb|Turing's OBE currently held in [[Sherborne School]] archives|链接=Special:FilePath/Alan_Turing_OBE.jpg]]哲学家杰克 · 科普兰对验尸官的历史裁决提出了各种各样的质疑。对于图灵的死因，他提出了另一种解释: 一个用于电镀金子的器具意外吸入了氰化物烟雾到勺子上。氰化钾是用来溶解黄金的。图灵在他狭小的空余房间里安装了这样一台仪器。科普兰指出，尸检结果更符合吸入而不是摄入毒药。图灵还习惯在睡觉前吃一个苹果，吃了一半就丢弃这个苹果并不罕见。此外，据报道，图灵“幽默地”承受了法律上的挫折和激素治疗(一年前已经停止) ，而且在他去世之前没有显示出任何沮丧的迹象。他甚至列出了一个任务清单，打算在假日周末回到办公室后完成这些任务。图灵的母亲认为，由于儿子粗心地储存了实验室化学品，图灵的摄入是意外的。传记作家 Andrew Hodges 提出理论，图灵安排了这些设备的交付，故意让他的母亲对任何自杀的声明有似是而非的否认。
Philosopher [[Jack Copeland]] has questioned various aspects of the coroner's historical verdict. He suggested an alternative explanation for the cause of Turing's death: the accidental inhalation of cyanide fumes from an apparatus used to [[electroplating|electroplate]] gold onto spoons. The [[potassium cyanide]] was used to [[Gold#Commercial chemistry|dissolve the gold]]. Turing had such an apparatus set up in his tiny spare room. Copeland noted that the autopsy findings were more consistent with inhalation than with ingestion of the poison. Turing also habitually ate an apple before going to bed, and it was not unusual for the apple to be discarded half-eaten.<ref name="Copeland">{{cite news | first = Roland | last = Pease | title = Alan Turing: Inquest's suicide verdict 'not supportable' | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18561092 | work = [[BBC News]] | date = 23 June 2012 | access-date = 23 June 2012 | quote = We have ... been recreating the narrative of Turing's life, and we have recreated him as an unhappy young man who committed suicide. But the evidence is not there. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120623101625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18561092 | archive-date = 23 June 2012 | url-status = live }}</ref> Furthermore, Turing had reportedly borne his legal setbacks and hormone treatment (which had been discontinued a year previously) "with good humour" and had shown no sign of despondency prior to his death. He even set down a list of tasks that he intended to complete upon returning to his office after the holiday weekend.<ref name="Copeland" /> Turing's mother believed that the ingestion was accidental, resulting from her son's careless storage of laboratory chemicals.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5685694 |title=TURING, Ethel Sara (1881–1976, mother of Alan Turing). Series of 11 autograph letters to Robin Gandy, Guilford, 28 July 1954 – 11 June 1971 (most before 1959), altogether 29 pages, 8vo (2 letters dated 17 May and 26 May 1955 incomplete, lacking continuation leaves, occasional light soiling) |website=christies.com |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015923/https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5685694 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Biographer Andrew Hodges theorised that Turing arranged the delivery of the equipment to deliberately allow his mother [[plausible deniability]] with regard to any suicide claims.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|pp=488, 489}}</ref>[[File:Alan Turing OBE.jpg|thumb|Turing's OBE currently held in [[Sherborne School]] archives|链接=Special:FilePath/Alan_Turing_OBE.jpg]]哲学家杰克 · 科普兰对验尸官的历史裁决提出了各种各样的质疑。对于图灵的死因，他提出了另一种解释: 一个用于电镀金子的器具意外吸入了氰化物烟雾到勺子上。氰化钾是用来溶解黄金的。图灵在他狭小的空余房间里安装了这样一台仪器。科普兰指出，尸检结果更符合吸入而不是摄入毒药。图灵还习惯在睡觉前吃一个苹果，吃了一半就丢弃这个苹果并不罕见。此外，据报道，图灵“幽默地”承受了法律上的挫折和激素治疗(一年前已经停止) ，而且在他去世之前没有显示出任何沮丧的迹象。他甚至列出了一个任务清单，打算在假日周末回到办公室后完成这些任务。图灵的母亲认为，由于儿子粗心地储存了实验室化学品，图灵的摄入是意外的。传记作家 Andrew Hodges 提出理论，图灵安排了这些设备的交付，故意让他的母亲对任何自杀的声明有似是而非的否认。
【最终版】哲学家杰克·科普兰(Jack Copeland)对验尸官的历史裁决提出了多方面的质疑。他对图灵的死因提出了另一种解释:他偶然吸入了一种用勺子镀金的装置发出的氰化物烟雾。氰化钾被用来溶解黄金。图灵在他的小房间里安装了这样一个装置。科普兰指出，尸检结果更符合吸入，而不是摄入毒药。图灵还习惯在睡觉前吃一个苹果，苹果吃了一半就扔掉，这是很常见的。此外，据报道，图灵还承受了法律上的挫折和激素治疗(一年前就停止了)“心情很好”，在他死前没有表现出任何沮丧的迹象。他甚至还列了一张清单，列出了他打算在假期结束后回到办公室时完成的任务。图灵的母亲认为，误食是偶然的，因为她儿子不小心存放了实验室的化学药品。传记作家安德鲁·霍奇斯推测，图灵安排设备的交付，是为了故意让他的母亲对任何自杀的说法进行合理的否认。
It has been suggested that Turing's belief in [[fortune-telling]] may have caused his depressed mood.<ref name="hodges2012" /> As a youth, Turing had been told by a fortune-teller that he would be a genius. In mid-May 1954, shortly before his death, Turing again decided to consult a fortune-teller during a day-trip to [[Lytham St Annes|St Annes-on-Sea]] with the Greenbaum family.<ref name="hodges2012" /> According to the Greenbaums' daughter, Barbara:<ref name="dowd">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-27701207 |title=What was Alan Turing really like? |author=Vincent Dowd |publisher=BBC |date=6 June 2014 |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117020715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-27701207 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>But it was a lovely sunny day and Alan was in a cheerful mood and off we went... Then he thought it would be a good idea to go to the [[Blackpool Pleasure Beach|Pleasure Beach at Blackpool]]. We found a fortune-teller's tent[,] and Alan said he'd like to go in[,] so we waited around for him to come back... And this sunny, cheerful visage had shrunk into a pale, shaking, horror-stricken face. Something had happened. We don't know what the fortune-teller said[,] but he obviously was deeply unhappy. I think that was probably the last time we saw him before we heard of his suicide.
It has been suggested that Turing's belief in [[fortune-telling]] may have caused his depressed mood.<ref name="hodges2012" /> As a youth, Turing had been told by a fortune-teller that he would be a genius. In mid-May 1954, shortly before his death, Turing again decided to consult a fortune-teller during a day-trip to [[Lytham St Annes|St Annes-on-Sea]] with the Greenbaum family.<ref name="hodges2012" /> According to the Greenbaums' daughter, Barbara:<ref name="dowd">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-27701207 |title=What was Alan Turing really like? |author=Vincent Dowd |publisher=BBC |date=6 June 2014 |access-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117020715/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-27701207 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>But it was a lovely sunny day and Alan was in a cheerful mood and off we went... Then he thought it would be a good idea to go to the [[Blackpool Pleasure Beach|Pleasure Beach at Blackpool]]. We found a fortune-teller's tent[,] and Alan said he'd like to go in[,] so we waited around for him to come back... And this sunny, cheerful visage had shrunk into a pale, shaking, horror-stricken face. Something had happened. We don't know what the fortune-teller said[,] but he obviously was deeply unhappy. I think that was probably the last time we saw him before we heard of his suicide.
有人认为，可能是图灵对算命的信仰导致了他的沮丧情绪。年轻时，图灵曾被算命师告知他将成为一个天才。1954年5月中旬，在他去世前不久，图灵在与格林鲍姆一家一起去海上圣安内斯的一日游中再次决定咨询算命师。根据格林鲍姆夫妇的女儿芭芭拉的说法: 但那是一个阳光明媚的日子，艾伦心情愉快，我们就去了... ... 然后他觉得去黑潭的快乐海滩是个好主意。我们找到了一个算命师的帐篷，艾伦说他想进去，所以我们就在附近等他回来... ... 这张阳光明媚的面孔已经缩成了一张苍白、颤抖、惊恐的脸。发生了一些事情。我们不知道算命先生是怎么说的，但是他显然非常不开心。我想那可能是我们听说他自杀之前最后一次见到他。
有人认为，可能是图灵对算命的信仰导致了他的沮丧情绪。年轻时，图灵曾被算命师告知他将成为一个天才。1954年5月中旬，在他去世前不久，图灵在与格林鲍姆一家一起去海上圣安内斯的一日游中再次决定咨询算命师。根据格林鲍姆夫妇的女儿芭芭拉的说法: 但那是一个阳光明媚的日子，艾伦心情愉快，我们就去了... ... 然后他觉得去黑潭的快乐海滩是个好主意。我们找到了一个算命师的帐篷，艾伦说他想进去，所以我们就在附近等他回来... ... 这张阳光明媚的面孔已经缩成了一张苍白、颤抖、惊恐的脸。发生了一些事情。我们不知道算命先生是怎么说的，但是他显然非常不开心。我想那可能是我们听说他自杀之前最后一次见到他。
【最终版】有人认为，图灵对算命的信仰可能是他情绪低落的原因。图灵年轻时，一个算命先生说他会是个天才。1954年5月中旬，就在图灵去世前不久，他和格林鲍姆一家去海边的圣安妮一日游时，又决定请教算命先生。据格林鲍姆的女儿芭芭拉说:但那天阳光明媚，艾伦心情也很好，我们就出发了……然后他觉得去布莱克浦的快乐海滩是个好主意。我们找到了一个算命人的帐篷，艾伦说他想进去，所以我们在附近等他回来……这张阳光、愉快的脸已萎缩成一张苍白、颤抖、惊恐的脸。发生了什么事。我们不知道算命先生说了什么，但他显然非常不高兴。我想那可能是我们最后一次见他在我们听说他自杀之前。
===Government apology and pardon===
===Government apology and pardon===
=== 政府道歉和赦免 ===
In August 2009, British programmer John Graham-Cumming started a petition urging the British government to apologise for Turing's prosecution as a homosexual. The petition received more than 30,000 signatures.The petition was only open to UK citizens. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, acknowledged the petition, releasing a statement on 10 September 2009 apologising and describing the treatment of Turing as "appalling":Thousands of people have come together to demand justice for Alan Turing and recognition of the appalling way he was treated. While Turing was dealt with under the law of the time and we can't put the clock back, his treatment was of course utterly unfair and I am pleased to have the chance to say how deeply sorry I and we all are for what happened to him&nbsp;... So on behalf of the British government, and all those who live freely thanks to Alan's work I am very proud to say: we're sorry, you deserved so much better.
In August 2009, British programmer John Graham-Cumming started a petition urging the British government to apologise for Turing's prosecution as a homosexual. The petition received more than 30,000 signatures.The petition was only open to UK citizens. The Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, acknowledged the petition, releasing a statement on 10 September 2009 apologising and describing the treatment of Turing as "appalling":Thousands of people have come together to demand justice for Alan Turing and recognition of the appalling way he was treated. While Turing was dealt with under the law of the time and we can't put the clock back, his treatment was of course utterly unfair and I am pleased to have the chance to say how deeply sorry I and we all are for what happened to him&nbsp;... So on behalf of the British government, and all those who live freely thanks to Alan's work I am very proud to say: we're sorry, you deserved so much better.
2009年8月，英国程序员 John Graham-Cumming · 图灵发起请愿，敦促英国政府为图灵作为同性恋被起诉一事道歉。请愿书收到了超过30000个签名。请愿书只对英国公民开放。英国首相戈登 · 布朗承认了这份请愿书，并于2009年9月10日发表了一份声明，对图灵受到的待遇表示道歉，并称其“骇人听闻”:成千上万的人聚集在一起，要求为艾伦·图灵伸张正义，并承认他受到的可怕待遇。虽然图灵是根据当时的法律处理的，我们不能让时间倒流，但他的待遇当然是完全不公平的，我很高兴有机会对发生在他身上的事情表示深深的歉意，我们大家都很抱歉；因此，我代表英国政府，以及所有因艾伦的工作而自由生活的人们，非常自豪地说：我们很抱歉，你应该得到更好的待遇。
2009年8月，英国程序员 John Graham-Cumming · 图灵发起请愿，敦促英国政府为图灵作为同性恋被起诉一事道歉。请愿书收到了超过30000个签名。请愿书只对英国公民开放。英国首相戈登 · 布朗承认了这份请愿书，并于2009年9月10日发表了一份声明，对图灵受到的待遇表示道歉，并称其“骇人听闻”:成千上万的人聚集在一起，要求为艾伦·图灵伸张正义，并承认他受到的可怕待遇。虽然图灵是根据当时的法律处理的，我们不能让时间倒流，但他的待遇当然是完全不公平的，我很高兴有机会对发生在他身上的事情表示深深的歉意，我们大家都很抱歉；因此，我代表英国政府，以及所有因艾伦的工作而自由生活的人们，非常自豪地说：我们很抱歉，你应该得到更好的待遇。
【最终版】2009年8月，英国程序员约翰·格雷厄姆·卡明(John Graham-Cumming)发起了一项请愿，敦促英国政府为图灵被控同性恋一事道歉。请愿书收到了3万多个签名。请愿书只对英国公民开放。英国首相戈登·布朗(Gordon Brown)在2009年9月10日承认了这一请愿，并发表声明道歉，称图灵受到的对待“令人震惊”:成千上万的人聚集在一起，要求为图灵伸张正义，并承认他受到的对待令人震惊。虽然图灵是在当时的法律下被处理的，我们不能让时光倒流，但他的遭遇当然是完全不公平的，我很高兴有机会对他的遭遇表示我和我们所有人的深切歉意……因此，我代表英国政府，代表所有那些因艾伦的工作而自由生活的人们，非常自豪地说:我们很抱歉，你应该得到更好的待遇。
In December 2011, William Jones and his Member of Parliament, [[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]], created an [[e-petition]]<ref name="PardonPetition">{{cite web | title = Grant a pardon to Alan Turing | url = https://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/23526 | date = 6 December 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120110183548/http://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/23526 | archive-date = 10 January 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> requesting that the British government [[pardon]] Turing for his conviction of "gross indecency":<ref name="BBBCPardon">{{cite news | title = Petition to pardon computer pioneer Alan Turing started | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16061279 | date = 6 December 2011 | work = BBC News | access-date = 21 June 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180619135127/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16061279 | archive-date = 19 June 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref>{{blockquote|We ask the HM Government to grant a pardon to Alan Turing for the conviction of "gross indecency". In 1952, he was convicted of "gross indecency" with another man and was forced to undergo so-called "organo-therapy"—chemical castration. Two years later, he killed himself with cyanide, aged just 41. Alan Turing was driven to a terrible despair and early death by the nation he'd done so much to save. This remains a shame on the British government and British history. A pardon can go some way to healing this damage. It may act as an apology to many of the other gay men, not as well-known as Alan Turing, who were subjected to these laws.<ref name="PardonPetition" />}}2011年12月，威廉 · 琼斯和他的议员约翰 · 利奇发起了一项电子请愿活动，要求英国政府赦免图灵的“严重猥亵”罪:
In December 2011, William Jones and his Member of Parliament, [[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]], created an [[e-petition]]<ref name="PardonPetition">{{cite web | title = Grant a pardon to Alan Turing | url = https://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/23526 | date = 6 December 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120110183548/http://submissions.epetitions.direct.gov.uk/petitions/23526 | archive-date = 10 January 2012 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> requesting that the British government [[pardon]] Turing for his conviction of "gross indecency":<ref name="BBBCPardon">{{cite news | title = Petition to pardon computer pioneer Alan Turing started | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16061279 | date = 6 December 2011 | work = BBC News | access-date = 21 June 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180619135127/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16061279 | archive-date = 19 June 2018 | url-status = live }}</ref>{{blockquote|We ask the HM Government to grant a pardon to Alan Turing for the conviction of "gross indecency". In 1952, he was convicted of "gross indecency" with another man and was forced to undergo so-called "organo-therapy"—chemical castration. Two years later, he killed himself with cyanide, aged just 41. Alan Turing was driven to a terrible despair and early death by the nation he'd done so much to save. This remains a shame on the British government and British history. A pardon can go some way to healing this damage. It may act as an apology to many of the other gay men, not as well-known as Alan Turing, who were subjected to these laws.<ref name="PardonPetition" />}}2011年12月，威廉 · 琼斯和他的议员约翰 · 利奇发起了一项电子请愿活动，要求英国政府赦免图灵的“严重猥亵”罪:
我们要求英国政府赦免艾伦·图灵的“严重猥亵罪”。1952年，他被判与另一名男子“严重猥亵”，并被迫接受所谓的“器官疗法”——化学阉割。两年后，他用氰化物自杀，年仅41岁。阿兰·图灵被他为拯救这个国家付出了巨大努力的国家推向了可怕的绝望和早逝。这仍然是英国政府和英国历史的耻辱。赦免可以在某种程度上治愈这种伤害。这可能是对许多其他同性恋者的道歉，不像艾伦·图灵那样知名，因为他们受到了这些法律的约束。
我们要求英国政府赦免艾伦·图灵的“严重猥亵罪”。1952年，他被判与另一名男子“严重猥亵”，并被迫接受所谓的“器官疗法”——化学阉割。两年后，他用氰化物自杀，年仅41岁。阿兰·图灵被他为拯救这个国家付出了巨大努力的国家推向了可怕的绝望和早逝。这仍然是英国政府和英国历史的耻辱。赦免可以在某种程度上治愈这种伤害。这可能是对许多其他同性恋者的道歉，不像艾伦·图灵那样知名，因为他们受到了这些法律的约束。
【最终版】2011年12月，威廉·琼斯(William Jones)和他的国会议员约翰·里奇(John Leech)发起了一项电子请愿，请求英国政府赦免图灵的“严重猥亵罪”：
我们请求英国政府赦免艾伦·图灵的“严重猥亵罪”。1952年，他被判与另一名男子“严重猥亵”，被迫接受所谓的“器官治疗”——化学阉割。两年后，他用氰化物自杀，年仅41岁。艾伦·图灵被他所拯救的这个国家推向了绝望和早逝的边缘。这是英国政府和英国历史上的耻辱。赦免可以在一定程度上治愈这种伤害。它可以作为对其他许多男同性恋者的道歉，不像艾伦·图灵那么出名，他们也受到了这些法律的约束。
The petition gathered over 37,000 signatures,<ref name="PardonPetition" /><ref name="turingindependent24dec2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/alan-turing-gets-his-royal-pardon-for-gross-indecency--61-years-after-he-poisoned-himself-9023116.html |title=Alan Turing gets his royal pardon for 'gross indecency' – 61 years after he poisoned himself |work=The Independent |date=23 December 2013 |author=Wright, Oliver |location=London |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224035745/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/alan-turing-gets-his-royal-pardon-for-gross-indecency--61-years-after-he-poisoned-himself-9023116.html |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was submitted to Parliament by the Manchester MP [[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]] but the request was discouraged by Justice Minister [[Tom McNally, Baron McNally#Political career|Lord McNally]], who said:<ref name="PardonPetitionDiscouraged">{{cite web |title=Government rejects a pardon for computer genius Alan Turing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/feb/07/alan-turing-pardon-lord-mcnally-lord-sharkey-computers |date=7 February 2012 |last=Wainwright |first=Martin |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091026/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/feb/07/alan-turing-pardon-lord-mcnally-lord-sharkey-computers |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{blockquote|A posthumous pardon was not considered appropriate as Alan Turing was properly convicted of what at the time was a criminal offence. He would have known that his offence was against the law and that he would be prosecuted. It is tragic that Alan Turing was convicted of an offence that now seems both cruel and absurd—particularly poignant given his outstanding contribution to the war effort. However, the law at the time required a prosecution and, as such, long-standing policy has been to accept that such convictions took place and, rather than trying to alter the historical context and to put right what cannot be put right, ensure instead that we never again return to those times.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201212/ldhansrd/text/120202w0001.htm |title=hansard |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |date=2 February 2012 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706132556/https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201212/ldhansrd/text/120202w0001.htm |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}这份请愿书收集了超过37000个签名，由曼彻斯特议员约翰 · 利奇提交给议会，但是司法部长麦克纳利勋爵不同意这一请求，他说:
The petition gathered over 37,000 signatures,<ref name="PardonPetition" /><ref name="turingindependent24dec2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/alan-turing-gets-his-royal-pardon-for-gross-indecency--61-years-after-he-poisoned-himself-9023116.html |title=Alan Turing gets his royal pardon for 'gross indecency' – 61 years after he poisoned himself |work=The Independent |date=23 December 2013 |author=Wright, Oliver |location=London |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224035745/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/alan-turing-gets-his-royal-pardon-for-gross-indecency--61-years-after-he-poisoned-himself-9023116.html |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was submitted to Parliament by the Manchester MP [[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]] but the request was discouraged by Justice Minister [[Tom McNally, Baron McNally#Political career|Lord McNally]], who said:<ref name="PardonPetitionDiscouraged">{{cite web |title=Government rejects a pardon for computer genius Alan Turing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/feb/07/alan-turing-pardon-lord-mcnally-lord-sharkey-computers |date=7 February 2012 |last=Wainwright |first=Martin |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091026/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2012/feb/07/alan-turing-pardon-lord-mcnally-lord-sharkey-computers |archive-date=4 February 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{blockquote|A posthumous pardon was not considered appropriate as Alan Turing was properly convicted of what at the time was a criminal offence. He would have known that his offence was against the law and that he would be prosecuted. It is tragic that Alan Turing was convicted of an offence that now seems both cruel and absurd—particularly poignant given his outstanding contribution to the war effort. However, the law at the time required a prosecution and, as such, long-standing policy has been to accept that such convictions took place and, rather than trying to alter the historical context and to put right what cannot be put right, ensure instead that we never again return to those times.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201212/ldhansrd/text/120202w0001.htm |title=hansard |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |date=2 February 2012 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706132556/https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201212/ldhansrd/text/120202w0001.htm |archive-date=6 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}这份请愿书收集了超过37000个签名，由曼彻斯特议员约翰 · 利奇提交给议会，但是司法部长麦克纳利勋爵不同意这一请求，他说:
死后赦免被认为是不合适的，因为艾伦·图灵被正确地判定犯有当时的刑事罪。他会知道他的罪行是违法的，他会被起诉。不幸的是，艾伦·图灵被判犯有一项罪行，鉴于他对战争的杰出贡献，这项罪行现在看来既残忍又荒谬，尤其令人痛心。然而，当时的法律要求起诉，因此，长期以来的政策是接受这种定罪的发生，而不是试图改变历史背景，纠正不能纠正的事情，而是确保我们永远不会回到那个时代。
死后赦免被认为是不合适的，因为艾伦·图灵被正确地判定犯有当时的刑事罪。他会知道他的罪行是违法的，他会被起诉。不幸的是，艾伦·图灵被判犯有一项罪行，鉴于他对战争的杰出贡献，这项罪行现在看来既残忍又荒谬，尤其令人痛心。然而，当时的法律要求起诉，因此，长期以来的政策是接受这种定罪的发生，而不是试图改变历史背景，纠正不能纠正的事情，而是确保我们永远不会回到那个时代。
【最终版】这份请愿书收集了37000多个签名，由曼彻斯特议员约翰·里奇提交给议会，但司法部长麦克纳利勋爵拒绝了这一请求，他说:
死后赦免是不合适的，因为艾伦·图灵的罪行在当时被认为是刑事犯罪。他应该知道他的罪行是违法的，他将受到起诉。可悲的是，阿兰·图灵被判有罪，这在现在看来既残忍又荒谬——尤其是考虑到他对战争的杰出贡献。然而，当时的法律要求进行起诉，因此，长期以来的政策一直是接受这样的定罪，而不是试图改变历史背景，纠正无法纠正的事情。
[[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]], the MP for [[Manchester Withington (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Withington]] (2005–15), submitted several bills to Parliament<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2013/12/24/better-late-than-never-alan-turing-is-finally-pardoned|title=Better late than never, Alan Turing is finally pardoned|first=Alex|last=Stevenson|date=24 December 2013|publisher=politics.co.uk|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816015157/http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2013/12/24/better-late-than-never-alan-turing-is-finally-pardoned|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and led a high-profile campaign to secure the pardon. Leech made the case in the House of Commons that Turing's contribution to the war made him a national hero and that it was "ultimately just embarrassing" that the conviction still stood.<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{cite web|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/alan-turings-court-convictions-go-11931942|title=Alan Turing's court convictions go on display for the first time|first=Todd|last=Fitzgerald|date=24 September 2016|publisher=manchestereveningnews.co.uk|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925151625/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/alan-turings-court-convictions-go-11931942|archive-date=25 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Leech continued to take the bill through Parliament and campaigned for several years, gaining the public support of numerous leading scientists, including [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-codebreaker-alan-turing-pardoned-6442836|title=Alan Turing pardoned by The Queen for his 'unjust and discriminatory' conviction for homosexuality|last=Britton|first=Paul|work=Manchester Evening News|date=24 December 2013|access-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204418/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-codebreaker-alan-turing-pardoned-6442836|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16833621|title=MP calls for pardon for computer pioneer Alan Turing|date=1 February 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702135251/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16833621|archive-date=2 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> At the British premiere of a film based on Turing's life, ''[[The Imitation Game]]'', the producers thanked Leech for bringing the topic to public attention and securing Turing's pardon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.libdemvoice.org/my-proudest-day-as-a-liberal-democrat-43430.html|title=My proudest day as a Liberal Democrat|work=Liberal Democrat Voice|access-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204354/https://www.libdemvoice.org/my-proudest-day-as-a-liberal-democrat-43430.html|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Leech is now regularly described as the "architect" of Turing's pardon and subsequently the Alan Turing Law which went on to secure pardons for 75,000 other men and women convicted of similar crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-computer-pioneer-alan-turing-16585966 |title=Manchester computer pioneer Alan Turing announced as face of new £50 note |date=15 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719082039/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-computer-pioneer-alan-turing-16585966 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://outnewsglobal.com/john-leech-secures-historic-deal-with-government-on-alan-turing-law/|title=John Leech secures historic deal with Government on 'Alan Turing Law'|date=20 October 2016|website=outnewsglobal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/15/alan-turing-to-feature-on-new-50-note|title=Alan Turing to feature on new £50 banknote|editor-first1=Larry|editor-last1=Elliott|editor-first2=Josh|editor-last2=Halliday|date=15 July 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/tory-minister-refuses-apologise-killing-9108424|title=Tory refuses to apologise for 'killing bad law' pardoning thousands of gay men|first=Dan|last=Bloom|date=23 October 2016|website=mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/national-news/17771381.alan-turings-fearless-approach-problems-intellectual-curiosity-praised/|title=Alan Turing's 'fearless approach to problems and intellectual curiosity' praised|website=Dunfermline Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/manchester/2017/01/31/alan-turing-law-finally-pardons-thousands-unfairly-convicted-25615|title=The Alan Turing Law finally pardons thousands of unfairly convicted gay and bisexual men|date=31 January 2017|website=University of Manchester}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qnews.com.au/bank-of-england-honours-alan-turing-on-50-note/|title=Bank of England honours Alan Turing on £50 note|date=15 July 2019|website=QNews}}</ref>
[[John Leech (politician)|John Leech]], the MP for [[Manchester Withington (UK Parliament constituency)|Manchester Withington]] (2005–15), submitted several bills to Parliament<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2013/12/24/better-late-than-never-alan-turing-is-finally-pardoned|title=Better late than never, Alan Turing is finally pardoned|first=Alex|last=Stevenson|date=24 December 2013|publisher=politics.co.uk|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816015157/http://www.politics.co.uk/news/2013/12/24/better-late-than-never-alan-turing-is-finally-pardoned|archive-date=16 August 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and led a high-profile campaign to secure the pardon. Leech made the case in the House of Commons that Turing's contribution to the war made him a national hero and that it was "ultimately just embarrassing" that the conviction still stood.<ref name="Fitzgerald">{{cite web|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/alan-turings-court-convictions-go-11931942|title=Alan Turing's court convictions go on display for the first time|first=Todd|last=Fitzgerald|date=24 September 2016|publisher=manchestereveningnews.co.uk|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925151625/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/alan-turings-court-convictions-go-11931942|archive-date=25 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Leech continued to take the bill through Parliament and campaigned for several years, gaining the public support of numerous leading scientists, including [[Stephen Hawking]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-codebreaker-alan-turing-pardoned-6442836|title=Alan Turing pardoned by The Queen for his 'unjust and discriminatory' conviction for homosexuality|last=Britton|first=Paul|work=Manchester Evening News|date=24 December 2013|access-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204418/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-codebreaker-alan-turing-pardoned-6442836|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16833621|title=MP calls for pardon for computer pioneer Alan Turing|date=1 February 2012|work=BBC News|access-date=25 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702135251/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-16833621|archive-date=2 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> At the British premiere of a film based on Turing's life, ''[[The Imitation Game]]'', the producers thanked Leech for bringing the topic to public attention and securing Turing's pardon.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.libdemvoice.org/my-proudest-day-as-a-liberal-democrat-43430.html|title=My proudest day as a Liberal Democrat|work=Liberal Democrat Voice|access-date=24 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624204354/https://www.libdemvoice.org/my-proudest-day-as-a-liberal-democrat-43430.html|archive-date=24 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Leech is now regularly described as the "architect" of Turing's pardon and subsequently the Alan Turing Law which went on to secure pardons for 75,000 other men and women convicted of similar crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-computer-pioneer-alan-turing-16585966 |title=Manchester computer pioneer Alan Turing announced as face of new £50 note |date=15 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719082039/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-computer-pioneer-alan-turing-16585966 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://outnewsglobal.com/john-leech-secures-historic-deal-with-government-on-alan-turing-law/|title=John Leech secures historic deal with Government on 'Alan Turing Law'|date=20 October 2016|website=outnewsglobal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jul/15/alan-turing-to-feature-on-new-50-note|title=Alan Turing to feature on new £50 banknote|editor-first1=Larry|editor-last1=Elliott|editor-first2=Josh|editor-last2=Halliday|date=15 July 2019|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/tory-minister-refuses-apologise-killing-9108424|title=Tory refuses to apologise for 'killing bad law' pardoning thousands of gay men|first=Dan|last=Bloom|date=23 October 2016|website=mirror}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dunfermlinepress.com/news/national-news/17771381.alan-turings-fearless-approach-problems-intellectual-curiosity-praised/|title=Alan Turing's 'fearless approach to problems and intellectual curiosity' praised|website=Dunfermline Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/manchester/2017/01/31/alan-turing-law-finally-pardons-thousands-unfairly-convicted-25615|title=The Alan Turing Law finally pardons thousands of unfairly convicted gay and bisexual men|date=31 January 2017|website=University of Manchester}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qnews.com.au/bank-of-england-honours-alan-turing-on-50-note/|title=Bank of England honours Alan Turing on £50 note|date=15 July 2019|website=QNews}}</ref>
曼彻斯特威辛顿(英国国会选区)议员 John Leech (2005-15)向议会提交了几项法案，并领导了一场引人注目的运动以确保赦免。利奇在《英国下议院表示，图灵对战争的贡献使他成为了一个民族英雄，而且他的信念仍然存在，这“最终只是令人尴尬”。利奇继续在议会通过该法案，并进行了数年的竞选活动，赢得了包括斯蒂芬 · 霍金在内的众多顶尖科学家的公众支持。在一部根据图灵生平改编的电影---- 《模仿游戏的英国首映式上，制片人感谢 Leech 将这个话题引入公众视野，并确保了图灵的赦免。利奇现在经常被描述为图灵赦免和随后的阿兰图灵法案的“设计师”，该法案确保了对其他75000名被判定犯有类似罪行的男女的赦免。
曼彻斯特威辛顿(英国国会选区)议员 John Leech (2005-15)向议会提交了几项法案，并领导了一场引人注目的运动以确保赦免。利奇在《英国下议院表示，图灵对战争的贡献使他成为了一个民族英雄，而且他的信念仍然存在，这“最终只是令人尴尬”。利奇继续在议会通过该法案，并进行了数年的竞选活动，赢得了包括斯蒂芬 · 霍金在内的众多顶尖科学家的公众支持。在一部根据图灵生平改编的电影---- 《模仿游戏的英国首映式上，制片人感谢 Leech 将这个话题引入公众视野，并确保了图灵的赦免。利奇现在经常被描述为图灵赦免和随后的阿兰图灵法案的“设计师”，该法案确保了对其他75000名被判定犯有类似罪行的男女的赦免。
【最终版】曼彻斯特威辛顿区议员约翰·里奇(2005-15)向议会提交了几份法案，并领导了一场高调的运动来确保特赦。里奇在下议院表示，图灵对战争的贡献使他成为了一个民族英雄，而这一判决仍然成立，“最终让人感到尴尬”。里奇继续推动该法案在议会获得通过，并进行了数年的宣传活动，获得了包括斯蒂芬·霍金在内的众多顶尖科学家的公众支持。在根据图灵生平改编的电影《模仿游戏》的英国首映式上，制片人感谢里奇让这个话题引起了公众的注意，并为图灵赢得了赦免。里奇现在经常被描述为图灵赦免案的“建筑师”，后来又被称为艾伦·图灵法则，该法则使其他7.5万名被判犯有类似罪行的男女获得了赦免。
On 26 July 2012, a bill was introduced in the [[British House of Lords|House of Lords]] to grant a statutory pardon to Turing for offences under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, of which he was convicted on 31 March 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/alanturingstatutorypardon.html |title=Bill |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |date=26 July 2012 |access-date=31 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040318/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/alanturingstatutorypardon.html |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Late in the year in a letter to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', the physicist Stephen Hawking and 10 other signatories including the [[Astronomer Royal]] [[Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow|Lord Rees]], [[List of presidents of the Royal Society|President of the Royal Society]] Sir [[Paul Nurse]], [[Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington|Lady Trumpington]] (who worked for Turing during the war) and [[John Sharkey, Baron Sharkey|Lord Sharkey]] (the bill's sponsor) called on Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] to act on the pardon request.<ref>Pearse, Damian, [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/14/alan-turing-pardon-stephen-hawking "Alan Turing should be pardoned, argue Stephen Hawking and top scientists"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204090812/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/14/alan-turing-pardon-stephen-hawking |date=4 February 2017 }}, ''The Guardian'', 13 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.</ref> Pearse, Damian, "Alan Turing should be pardoned, argue Stephen Hawking and top scientists" , The Guardian, 13 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012. The government indicated it would support the bill,<ref name="turingguardian19july2013">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/19/enigma-codebreaker-alan-turing-posthumous-pardon|title=Enigma codebreaker Alan Turing to be given posthumous pardon|work=The Guardian|date=19 July 2013|author=Watt, Nicholas|location=London|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104124001/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/19/enigma-codebreaker-alan-turing-posthumous-pardon|archive-date=4 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2302744/alan-turing-pardon-moves-a-step-closer|title=Alan Turing pardon sails through House of Lords|last=Worth|first=Dan|date=30 October 2013|publisher=V3|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114746/http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2302744/alan-turing-pardon-moves-a-step-closer|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Alan Turing (Statutory Pardon) Bill | url =http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | access-date =20 July 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130705084023/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | archive-date =5 July 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref> and it passed its third reading in the House of Lords in October.<ref name="turingpinknewsdec2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill|title=Lib Dem MP John Leech disappointed at delay to Alan Turing pardon bill|newspaper=Pink News|date=2 December 2013|author=Roberts, Scott|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225050250/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill|archive-date=25 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 26 July 2012, a bill was introduced in the [[British House of Lords|House of Lords]] to grant a statutory pardon to Turing for offences under section 11 of the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885, of which he was convicted on 31 March 1952.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/alanturingstatutorypardon.html |title=Bill |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom |date=26 July 2012 |access-date=31 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040318/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2012-13/alanturingstatutorypardon.html |archive-date=2 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Late in the year in a letter to ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', the physicist Stephen Hawking and 10 other signatories including the [[Astronomer Royal]] [[Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow|Lord Rees]], [[List of presidents of the Royal Society|President of the Royal Society]] Sir [[Paul Nurse]], [[Jean Barker, Baroness Trumpington|Lady Trumpington]] (who worked for Turing during the war) and [[John Sharkey, Baron Sharkey|Lord Sharkey]] (the bill's sponsor) called on Prime Minister [[David Cameron]] to act on the pardon request.<ref>Pearse, Damian, [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/14/alan-turing-pardon-stephen-hawking "Alan Turing should be pardoned, argue Stephen Hawking and top scientists"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204090812/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/dec/14/alan-turing-pardon-stephen-hawking |date=4 February 2017 }}, ''The Guardian'', 13 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.</ref> Pearse, Damian, "Alan Turing should be pardoned, argue Stephen Hawking and top scientists" , The Guardian, 13 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012. The government indicated it would support the bill,<ref name="turingguardian19july2013">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/19/enigma-codebreaker-alan-turing-posthumous-pardon|title=Enigma codebreaker Alan Turing to be given posthumous pardon|work=The Guardian|date=19 July 2013|author=Watt, Nicholas|location=London|access-date=10 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104124001/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/19/enigma-codebreaker-alan-turing-posthumous-pardon|archive-date=4 January 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2302744/alan-turing-pardon-moves-a-step-closer|title=Alan Turing pardon sails through House of Lords|last=Worth|first=Dan|date=30 October 2013|publisher=V3|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224114746/http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2302744/alan-turing-pardon-moves-a-step-closer|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title =Alan Turing (Statutory Pardon) Bill | url =http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | access-date =20 July 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20130705084023/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | archive-date =5 July 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref> and it passed its third reading in the House of Lords in October.<ref name="turingpinknewsdec2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill|title=Lib Dem MP John Leech disappointed at delay to Alan Turing pardon bill|newspaper=Pink News|date=2 December 2013|author=Roberts, Scott|access-date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225050250/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill|archive-date=25 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
2012年7月26日，上议院提交了一项法案，根据《1885年刑事修正法令11条对图灵的罪行给予法定赦免，图灵于1952年3月31日被判有罪。今年年底，物理学家斯蒂芬 · 霍金和其他10位签名者，包括每日电讯报皇家天文学家勋爵 Rees，皇家学会主席 Paul Nurse 爵士，战时为图灵工作的 Trumpington 女士，以及法案的发起人 Sharkey 勋爵，在一封信中呼吁首相 David Cameron 对赦免请求采取行动。皮尔斯，达米安，“斯蒂芬 · 霍金和顶尖科学家认为，阿兰 · 图灵应该被赦免”，《卫报》 ，2012年12月13日。2012年12月15日。政府表示将支持该法案，并于10月在上议院通过了三读。
2012年7月26日，上议院提交了一项法案，根据《1885年刑事修正法令11条对图灵的罪行给予法定赦免，图灵于1952年3月31日被判有罪。今年年底，物理学家斯蒂芬 · 霍金和其他10位签名者，包括每日电讯报皇家天文学家勋爵 Rees，皇家学会主席 Paul Nurse 爵士，战时为图灵工作的 Trumpington 女士，以及法案的发起人 Sharkey 勋爵，在一封信中呼吁首相 David Cameron 对赦免请求采取行动。皮尔斯，达米安，“斯蒂芬 · 霍金和顶尖科学家认为，阿兰 · 图灵应该被赦免”，《卫报》 ，2012年12月13日。2012年12月15日。政府表示将支持该法案，并于10月在上议院通过了三读。
【最终版】2012年7月26日，上议院通过一项法案，根据《1885年刑法修正案》第11条对图灵进行法定赦免，他于1952年3月31日被定罪。今年晚些时候，物理学家史蒂芬·霍金和包括皇家天文学家里斯勋爵、皇家学会主席保罗·纳斯爵士在内的其他10名署名者给《每日电讯报》写了一封信，特鲁平顿夫人(二战期间为图灵工作)和夏基勋爵(法案的发起人)呼吁首相戴维·卡梅伦(David Cameron)响应赦免请求。皮尔斯，达米安，“斯蒂芬·霍金和顶尖科学家认为阿兰·图灵应该被赦免”，《卫报》，2012年12月13日。2012年12月15日检索。政府表示将支持该法案，并于10月在上议院通过了三次审阅。
At the bill's second reading in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] on 29 November 2013, Conservative MP [[Christopher Chope]] objected to the bill, delaying its passage. The bill was due to return to the House of Commons on 28 February 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill/|title=Lib Dem MP John Leech disappointed at delay to Alan Turing pardon bill|last=Roberts|first=Scott|date=2 December 2013|work=PinkNews|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210914/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> but before the bill could be debated in the House of Commons,<ref>{{cite web | title =Alan Turing (Statutory Pardon) Bill | url =http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | access-date =24 December 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040315/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | archive-date =2 November 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref> the government elected to proceed under the [[royal prerogative of mercy]]. On 24 December 2013, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] signed a pardon for Turing's conviction for "gross indecency", with immediate effect.<ref name="turingpardon24dec2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10536246/Alan-Turing-granted-Royal-pardon-by-the-Queen.html |title=Alan Turing granted Royal pardon by the Queen |last=Swinford |first=Steven |date=23 December 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502103553/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10536246/Alan-Turing-granted-Royal-pardon-by-the-Queen.html |archive-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Announcing the pardon, Lord Chancellor [[Chris Grayling]] said Turing deserved to be "remembered and recognised for his fantastic contribution to the war effort" and not for his later criminal conviction.<ref name="turingindependent24dec2013" /><ref name="BBC-pardon24Dec">{{cite news|title=Royal pardon for codebreaker Alan Turing|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25495315|access-date=24 December 2013|work=BBC News|date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224002121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25495315|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The Queen officially pronounced Turing pardoned in August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/world/2014/08/22/queens-decree-alan-turing-now-officially-pardoned|title=With Queen's Decree, Alan Turing Is Now Officially Pardoned|date=22 August 2014|publisher=Advocate.com|access-date=1 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101212528/http://www.advocate.com/world/2014/08/22/queens-decree-alan-turing-now-officially-pardoned|archive-date=1 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The Queen's action is only the fourth royal pardon granted since the conclusion of the Second World War.<ref>Pardoned: Alan Turing, Computing patriarch. ''Time'' Magazine, vol. 183, no. 1, 13 January 2014, p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2014.</ref> Pardoned: Alan Turing, Computing patriarch. Time Magazine, vol. 183, no. 1, 13 January 2014, p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2014. Pardons are normally granted only when the person is technically innocent, and a request has been made by the family or other interested party; neither condition was met in regard to Turing's conviction.<ref name="grauniad">{{Cite news | last =Davies | first =Caroline | title = Codebreaker Turing is given posthumous royal pardon | newspaper =The Guardian | location =London | pages =1, 6 | date =24 December 2013 }}</ref>
At the bill's second reading in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] on 29 November 2013, Conservative MP [[Christopher Chope]] objected to the bill, delaying its passage. The bill was due to return to the House of Commons on 28 February 2014,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill/|title=Lib Dem MP John Leech disappointed at delay to Alan Turing pardon bill|last=Roberts|first=Scott|date=2 December 2013|work=PinkNews|access-date=20 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612210914/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/12/02/lib-dem-mp-john-leech-disappointed-at-delay-to-alan-turing-pardon-bill/|archive-date=12 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> but before the bill could be debated in the House of Commons,<ref>{{cite web | title =Alan Turing (Statutory Pardon) Bill | url =http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | access-date =24 December 2013 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20131102040315/http://services.parliament.uk/bills/2013-14/alanturingstatutorypardon.html | archive-date =2 November 2013 | url-status =live }}</ref> the government elected to proceed under the [[royal prerogative of mercy]]. On 24 December 2013, [[Queen Elizabeth II]] signed a pardon for Turing's conviction for "gross indecency", with immediate effect.<ref name="turingpardon24dec2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10536246/Alan-Turing-granted-Royal-pardon-by-the-Queen.html |title=Alan Turing granted Royal pardon by the Queen |last=Swinford |first=Steven |date=23 December 2013 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502103553/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/history/world-war-two/10536246/Alan-Turing-granted-Royal-pardon-by-the-Queen.html |archive-date=2 May 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Announcing the pardon, Lord Chancellor [[Chris Grayling]] said Turing deserved to be "remembered and recognised for his fantastic contribution to the war effort" and not for his later criminal conviction.<ref name="turingindependent24dec2013" /><ref name="BBC-pardon24Dec">{{cite news|title=Royal pardon for codebreaker Alan Turing|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25495315|access-date=24 December 2013|work=BBC News|date=24 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224002121/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25495315|archive-date=24 December 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> The Queen officially pronounced Turing pardoned in August 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.advocate.com/world/2014/08/22/queens-decree-alan-turing-now-officially-pardoned|title=With Queen's Decree, Alan Turing Is Now Officially Pardoned|date=22 August 2014|publisher=Advocate.com|access-date=1 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101212528/http://www.advocate.com/world/2014/08/22/queens-decree-alan-turing-now-officially-pardoned|archive-date=1 November 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The Queen's action is only the fourth royal pardon granted since the conclusion of the Second World War.<ref>Pardoned: Alan Turing, Computing patriarch. ''Time'' Magazine, vol. 183, no. 1, 13 January 2014, p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2014.</ref> Pardoned: Alan Turing, Computing patriarch. Time Magazine, vol. 183, no. 1, 13 January 2014, p. 14. Retrieved 6 January 2014. Pardons are normally granted only when the person is technically innocent, and a request has been made by the family or other interested party; neither condition was met in regard to Turing's conviction.<ref name="grauniad">{{Cite news | last =Davies | first =Caroline | title = Codebreaker Turing is given posthumous royal pardon | newspaper =The Guardian | location =London | pages =1, 6 | date =24 December 2013 }}</ref>
2013年11月29日，该法案在英国下议院进行二读，保守党议员克里斯多福·乔普反对该法案，延迟了其通过。该法案原定于2014年2月28日返回英国下议院，但在该法案可能在英国下议院辩论之前，政府选择在皇家特权宽恕下继续进行。2013年12月24日，伊丽莎白二世签署了一项赦免令，赦免图灵的“严重猥亵罪”，并立即生效。大法官克里斯 · 格雷林在宣布赦免时说，图灵应该“因为他对战争的杰出贡献而被人们铭记和认可”，而不是因为他后来的刑事定罪。2014年8月，女王正式宣布图灵获得赦免。女王的行动是第二次世界大战结束以来第四次皇家赦免。原谅: 阿兰 · 图灵，计算机领袖。时代杂志，第一卷。183号，不。1, 13 January 2014, p. 14.2014年1月6日。特赦通常只有在当事人在技术上是无辜的，而且家人或其他利益相关方已经提出请求的情况下才会被批准; 对于图灵的定罪，这两个条件都没有满足。
2013年11月29日，该法案在英国下议院进行二读，保守党议员克里斯多福·乔普反对该法案，延迟了其通过。该法案原定于2014年2月28日返回英国下议院，但在该法案可能在英国下议院辩论之前，政府选择在皇家特权宽恕下继续进行。2013年12月24日，伊丽莎白二世签署了一项赦免令，赦免图灵的“严重猥亵罪”，并立即生效。大法官克里斯 · 格雷林在宣布赦免时说，图灵应该“因为他对战争的杰出贡献而被人们铭记和认可”，而不是因为他后来的刑事定罪。2014年8月，女王正式宣布图灵获得赦免。女王的行动是第二次世界大战结束以来第四次皇家赦免。原谅: 阿兰 · 图灵，计算机领袖。时代杂志，第一卷。183号，不。1, 13 January 2014, p. 14.2014年1月6日。特赦通常只有在当事人在技术上是无辜的，而且家人或其他利益相关方已经提出请求的情况下才会被批准; 对于图灵的定罪，这两个条件都没有满足。
【最终版】2013年11月29日，该法案在下议院进行了二读，保守党议员克里斯托弗·肖普(Christopher Chope)反对该法案，推迟了该法案的通过。该法案原定于2014年2月28日提交下议院，但在该法案在下议院进行辩论之前，政府被选为在皇家赦免权下继续进行。2013年12月24日，英国女王伊丽莎白二世签署了一项赦免令，立即生效，赦免图灵“严重猥亵罪”。宣布赦免时，大法官克里斯·格雷林说，图灵值得“记住和认可他对战争的杰出贡献”，而不是他后来的刑事定罪。2014年8月，女王正式宣布赦免图灵。女王的这一举动是自二战结束以来第四次王室赦免。被赦免者:艾伦·图灵，计算机界的元老。《时代》杂志，第183期。2014年1月13日，第14页。2014年1月6日检索。通常情况下，只有当当事人在技术上是无辜的，并且当事人的家人或其他利害关系方提出请求时，才会给予赦免;这两个条件都不符合。
In September 2016, the government announced its intention to expand this retroactive exoneration to other men convicted of similar historical indecency offences, in what was described as an "[[Alan Turing law]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37436417|title=Government 'committed' to Alan Turing gay pardon law|date=22 September 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922041224/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37436417|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-committed-to-introducing-alan-turing-law-and-pardon-gay-men-convicted-of-outdated-crimes-a7320851.html|title=Theresa May committed to introducing the 'Alan Turing Law'|last=Cowburn|first=Ashley|date=21 September 2016|website=The Independent|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922133219/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-committed-to-introducing-alan-turing-law-and-pardon-gay-men-convicted-of-outdated-crimes-a7320851.html|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Alan Turing law]] is now an informal term for the law in the United Kingdom, contained in the [[Policing and Crime Act 2017]], which serves as an [[amnesty law]] to retroactively pardon men who were cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts. The law applies in England and Wales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/section/182/data.htm|title=Policing and Crime Act 2017|first=Expert|last=Participation|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305145933/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/section/182/data.htm|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
In September 2016, the government announced its intention to expand this retroactive exoneration to other men convicted of similar historical indecency offences, in what was described as an "[[Alan Turing law]]".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37436417|title=Government 'committed' to Alan Turing gay pardon law|date=22 September 2016|work=BBC News|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922041224/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37436417|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-committed-to-introducing-alan-turing-law-and-pardon-gay-men-convicted-of-outdated-crimes-a7320851.html|title=Theresa May committed to introducing the 'Alan Turing Law'|last=Cowburn|first=Ashley|date=21 September 2016|website=The Independent|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922133219/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/theresa-may-committed-to-introducing-alan-turing-law-and-pardon-gay-men-convicted-of-outdated-crimes-a7320851.html|archive-date=22 September 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Alan Turing law]] is now an informal term for the law in the United Kingdom, contained in the [[Policing and Crime Act 2017]], which serves as an [[amnesty law]] to retroactively pardon men who were cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts. The law applies in England and Wales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/section/182/data.htm|title=Policing and Crime Act 2017|first=Expert|last=Participation|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305145933/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/3/section/182/data.htm|archive-date=5 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
2016年9月，政府宣布打算将这种追溯性免罪扩大到其他被判犯有类似历史猥亵罪的男子，这项法律被称为“阿兰 · 图灵法”。阿兰 · 图灵法现在是英国法律的一个非正式术语，载于《2017年警务和犯罪法》 ，该法是一项大赦法，旨在追溯赦免那些根据历史立法被警告或定罪的男子，这些立法禁止同性恋行为。这项法律适用于英格兰和威尔士。
2016年9月，政府宣布打算将这种追溯性免罪扩大到其他被判犯有类似历史猥亵罪的男子，这项法律被称为“阿兰 · 图灵法”。阿兰 · 图灵法现在是英国法律的一个非正式术语，载于《2017年警务和犯罪法》 ，该法是一项大赦法，旨在追溯赦免那些根据历史立法被警告或定罪的男子，这些立法禁止同性恋行为。这项法律适用于英格兰和威尔士。
【最终版】2016年9月，政府宣布打算将这一追溯性豁免扩大到其他被判犯有类似历史猥亵罪的男性，这被称为“艾伦·图灵法”。艾伦·图灵法现在是英国对该法律的非正式说法，包含在2017年的《警察和犯罪法案》(police and Crime Act)中。《警察和犯罪法案》是一项大赦法，可以追溯性地赦免那些在禁止同性恋行为的历史立法中受到警告或被定罪的男性。这条法律适用于英格兰和威尔士。
==Legacy==
==Legacy==
== 遗产 ==
{{main|Legacy of Alan Turing}}{{see also|List of things named after Alan Turing}}
{{main|Legacy of Alan Turing}}{{see also|List of things named after Alan Turing}}
===Awards, honours, and tributes===
===Awards, honours, and tributes===
=== 奖励、荣誉和贡品 ===
[[File:Alan Turing Building 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Alan Turing Building]] at the University of Manchester in 2008|链接=Special:FilePath/Alan_Turing_Building_1.jpg]]Turing was appointed an officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1946.<ref name="thegazette.co.uk" /> He was also elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1951|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]] in 1951.<ref name="frs" />
[[File:Alan Turing Building 1.jpg|thumb|The [[Alan Turing Building]] at the University of Manchester in 2008|链接=Special:FilePath/Alan_Turing_Building_1.jpg]]Turing was appointed an officer of the [[Order of the British Empire]] in 1946.<ref name="thegazette.co.uk" /> He was also elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1951|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)]] in 1951.<ref name="frs" />
图灵于一九四六年被任命为大英帝国勋章的军官。1951年，他还被选为英国皇家学会会员。
图灵于一九四六年被任命为大英帝国勋章的军官。1951年，他还被选为英国皇家学会会员。
【最终版】1946年，图灵被任命为大英帝国勋章的军官。1951年，他还被选为英国皇家学会(FRS)会员。
Turing has been honoured in various ways in [[Manchester]], the city where he worked towards the end of his life. In 1994, a stretch of the [[A6010 road]] (the [[Manchester]] city intermediate ring road) was named "Alan Turing Way". A bridge carrying this road was widened, and carries the name Alan Turing Bridge. A [[Alan Turing Memorial|statue of Turing]] was unveiled in Manchester on 23 June 2001 in [[Sackville Park]], between the University of Manchester building on Whitworth Street and [[Canal Street, Manchester|Canal Street]]. The memorial statue depicts the "father of computer science" sitting on a bench at a central position in the park. Turing is shown holding an apple. The cast bronze bench carries in relief the text 'Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954', and the motto 'Founder of Computer Science' as it could appear if encoded by an [[Enigma machine]]: 'IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ'. However, the meaning of the coded message is disputed, as the 'u' in 'computer' matches up with the 'u' in 'ADXUO'. As a letter encoded by an enigma machine cannot appear as itself, the actual message behind the code is uncertain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://benosteen.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/what-does-the-code-on-the-alan-turing-memorial-actually-say/|title=What does the code on the Alan Turing Memorial actually say?|date=23 September 2010|work=Random Hacks|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628125202/https://benosteen.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/what-does-the-code-on-the-alan-turing-memorial-actually-say/|archive-date=28 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Sackville Park Turing plaque.jpg|thumb|right|Turing memorial statue plaque in [[Sackville Park]], Manchester|链接=Special:FilePath/Sackville_Park_Turing_plaque.jpg]]A plaque at the statue's feet reads 'Father of computer science, mathematician, logician, wartime codebreaker, victim of prejudice'. There is also a [[Bertrand Russell]] quotation: "Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty—a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture." The sculptor buried his own old [[Amstrad]] computer under the [[plinth]] as a tribute to "the godfather of all modern computers".<ref name="computerburied">{{cite news | url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/computer-buried-in-tribute-to-genius-1186583 | title=Computer buried in tribute to genius | work=Manchester Evening News | date=17 February 2007 | access-date=7 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022559/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/computer-buried-in-tribute-to-genius-1186583 | archive-date=4 November 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
Turing has been honoured in various ways in [[Manchester]], the city where he worked towards the end of his life. In 1994, a stretch of the [[A6010 road]] (the [[Manchester]] city intermediate ring road) was named "Alan Turing Way". A bridge carrying this road was widened, and carries the name Alan Turing Bridge. A [[Alan Turing Memorial|statue of Turing]] was unveiled in Manchester on 23 June 2001 in [[Sackville Park]], between the University of Manchester building on Whitworth Street and [[Canal Street, Manchester|Canal Street]]. The memorial statue depicts the "father of computer science" sitting on a bench at a central position in the park. Turing is shown holding an apple. The cast bronze bench carries in relief the text 'Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954', and the motto 'Founder of Computer Science' as it could appear if encoded by an [[Enigma machine]]: 'IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ'. However, the meaning of the coded message is disputed, as the 'u' in 'computer' matches up with the 'u' in 'ADXUO'. As a letter encoded by an enigma machine cannot appear as itself, the actual message behind the code is uncertain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://benosteen.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/what-does-the-code-on-the-alan-turing-memorial-actually-say/|title=What does the code on the Alan Turing Memorial actually say?|date=23 September 2010|work=Random Hacks|access-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628125202/https://benosteen.wordpress.com/2010/09/23/what-does-the-code-on-the-alan-turing-memorial-actually-say/|archive-date=28 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Sackville Park Turing plaque.jpg|thumb|right|Turing memorial statue plaque in [[Sackville Park]], Manchester|链接=Special:FilePath/Sackville_Park_Turing_plaque.jpg]]A plaque at the statue's feet reads 'Father of computer science, mathematician, logician, wartime codebreaker, victim of prejudice'. There is also a [[Bertrand Russell]] quotation: "Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth, but supreme beauty—a beauty cold and austere, like that of sculpture." The sculptor buried his own old [[Amstrad]] computer under the [[plinth]] as a tribute to "the godfather of all modern computers".<ref name="computerburied">{{cite news | url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/computer-buried-in-tribute-to-genius-1186583 | title=Computer buried in tribute to genius | work=Manchester Evening News | date=17 February 2007 | access-date=7 December 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104022559/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/computer-buried-in-tribute-to-genius-1186583 | archive-date=4 November 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref>
雕像脚下的一块牌匾上写着“计算机科学之父、数学家、逻辑学家、战时密码破译者、偏见的受害者”。还有一句伯特兰·罗素: “正确地看待数学，它不仅拥有真理，而且拥有至高无上的美ーー一种冷峻的美，就像雕塑一样。”雕塑家把他自己的老 Amstrad 电脑埋在底座下，以此向“现代电脑之父”致敬。
雕像脚下的一块牌匾上写着“计算机科学之父、数学家、逻辑学家、战时密码破译者、偏见的受害者”。还有一句伯特兰·罗素: “正确地看待数学，它不仅拥有真理，而且拥有至高无上的美ーー一种冷峻的美，就像雕塑一样。”雕塑家把他自己的老 Amstrad 电脑埋在底座下，以此向“现代电脑之父”致敬。
【最终版】在曼彻斯特，图灵以各种方式受到了人们的尊敬。1994年，A6010公路(曼彻斯特市中环线)的一段路段被命名为“艾伦·图灵路”。一座承载这条路的桥被加宽，并以艾伦·图灵桥的名字命名。图灵的雕像于2001年6月23日在曼彻斯特大学惠特沃斯街和运河街之间的萨克维尔公园揭幕。这尊纪念雕像描绘了这位“计算机科学之父”坐在公园中央位置的长凳上。图灵拿着一个苹果。青铜铸成的长凳上刻有“艾伦·马西森·图灵1912-1954”的浮雕文字，以及“计算机科学创始人”的座右铭，如果用英格玛密码机进行编码，可能会出现这样的字样:“IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ”。然而，编码信息的含义是有争议的，因为'computer'中的'u'与'ADXUO'中的'u'匹配。由于由谜机编码的字母不能以其本身的形式出现，密码背后的实际信息是不确定的。
雕像脚边的一块牌匾上写着:“计算机科学之父，数学家，逻辑学家，战时密码破解者，偏见的受害者”。伯特兰·罗素也曾说过:“正确地看，数学不仅拥有真理，而且拥有至高的美——一种冷酷而严肃的美，就像雕塑一样。”这位雕塑家将自己的老式阿姆斯特拉德电脑埋在基座下，以向“所有现代电脑的教父”致敬。
In 1999, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Turing as one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 Most Important People of the 20th century]] and stated, "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine."<ref name="AFP" />A blue plaque was unveiled at King's College on the centenary of his birth on 23 June 2012 and is now installed at the college's Keynes Building on King's Parade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque.html|title=Blue plaque to commemorate Alan Turing|publisher=King's College, Cambridge|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207025216/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque.html|archive-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque-fixed-place.html|title=Turing plaque fixed in place|publisher=[[King's College, Cambridge]]|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124354/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque-fixed-place.html|archive-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>On 25 March 2021, the [[Bank of England]] publicly unveiled the design for a new [[Bank of England £50 note|£50 note]], featuring Turing's portrait, before its official issue on 23 June, Turing's birthday. Turing was selected as the new face of the note in 2019 following a public nomination process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pylas |first1=Pan |title=WWII codebreaker Alan Turing honored on new UK bank note |url=https://apnews.com/article/world-news-england-jane-austen-london-winston-churchill-d965076529b70fc8dbb020d364d88176 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=AP News |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 March 2021}}</ref>
In 1999, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Turing as one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 Most Important People of the 20th century]] and stated, "The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine."<ref name="AFP" />A blue plaque was unveiled at King's College on the centenary of his birth on 23 June 2012 and is now installed at the college's Keynes Building on King's Parade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque.html|title=Blue plaque to commemorate Alan Turing|publisher=King's College, Cambridge|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207025216/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque.html|archive-date=7 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque-fixed-place.html|title=Turing plaque fixed in place|publisher=[[King's College, Cambridge]]|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124354/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/news/2012/turing-plaque-fixed-place.html|archive-date=9 December 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>On 25 March 2021, the [[Bank of England]] publicly unveiled the design for a new [[Bank of England £50 note|£50 note]], featuring Turing's portrait, before its official issue on 23 June, Turing's birthday. Turing was selected as the new face of the note in 2019 following a public nomination process.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pylas |first1=Pan |title=WWII codebreaker Alan Turing honored on new UK bank note |url=https://apnews.com/article/world-news-england-jane-austen-london-winston-churchill-d965076529b70fc8dbb020d364d88176 |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=AP News |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=25 March 2021}}</ref>
1999年，《时代》(Time)杂志将图灵评为20世纪最重要的100人之一，并表示: “事实上，每个敲击键盘、打开电子表格或文字处理程序的人，都在开发图灵机的化身。”2012年6月23日，为了纪念他的百年诞辰，一块蓝色的牌匾在国王学院揭幕，现已安放在国王游行的 Keynes Building。2021年3月25日，英格兰银行在6月23日图灵的生日正式发行之前，公开披露了新版50英镑的设计，上面印有图灵的肖像。2019年，图灵经过公开的提名程序被选为该笔记的新面孔。
1999年，《时代》(Time)杂志将图灵评为20世纪最重要的100人之一，并表示: “事实上，每个敲击键盘、打开电子表格或文字处理程序的人，都在开发图灵机的化身。”2012年6月23日，为了纪念他的百年诞辰，一块蓝色的牌匾在国王学院揭幕，现已安放在国王游行的 Keynes Building。2021年3月25日，英格兰银行在6月23日图灵的生日正式发行之前，公开披露了新版50英镑的设计，上面印有图灵的肖像。2019年，图灵经过公开的提名程序被选为该笔记的新面孔。
【最终版】1999年，《时代》杂志将图灵列为20世纪100位最重要的人物之一，并指出:“事实是，每一个敲击键盘、打开电子表格或文字处理程序的人，都在为图灵机的化身工作。”2012年6月23日，国王学院为纪念他诞辰100周年揭幕了一块蓝色的牌匾，现在它被安装在国王广场上的凯恩斯大楼。2021年3月25日，英格兰银行在6月23日(图灵生日)正式发行之前，公开了新的50英镑纸币的设计，上面有图灵的肖像。在2019年的公开提名过程中，图灵被选为纸币的新面孔。
===Centenary celebrations===
===Centenary celebrations===
=== 纪念庆祝活动 ===
{{main|Alan Turing Year}}To mark the 100th anniversary of Turing's birth, the Turing Centenary Advisory Committee (TCAC) co-ordinated the [[Alan Turing Year]], a year-long programme of events around the world honouring Turing's life and achievements. The TCAC, chaired by [[S. Barry Cooper]] with Turing's nephew Sir John Dermot Turing acting as Honorary President, worked with the University of Manchester faculty members and a broad spectrum of people from Cambridge University and [[Bletchley Park]].
{{main|Alan Turing Year}}To mark the 100th anniversary of Turing's birth, the Turing Centenary Advisory Committee (TCAC) co-ordinated the [[Alan Turing Year]], a year-long programme of events around the world honouring Turing's life and achievements. The TCAC, chaired by [[S. Barry Cooper]] with Turing's nephew Sir John Dermot Turing acting as Honorary President, worked with the University of Manchester faculty members and a broad spectrum of people from Cambridge University and [[Bletchley Park]].
为纪念图灵诞辰100周年，图灵百周年纪念顾问委员会(TCAC)举办了为期一年的「图灵年」活动，在世界各地举办活动，向图灵的一生和成就致敬。由 s. Barry Cooper 担任主席，图灵的侄子 John Dermot Turing 爵士担任荣誉主席，与曼彻斯特大学的教职员工以及剑桥大学和 Bletchley Park 的广泛人士一起工作。
为纪念图灵诞辰100周年，图灵百周年纪念顾问委员会(TCAC)举办了为期一年的「图灵年」活动，在世界各地举办活动，向图灵的一生和成就致敬。由 s. Barry Cooper 担任主席，图灵的侄子 John Dermot Turing 爵士担任荣誉主席，与曼彻斯特大学的教职员工以及剑桥大学和 Bletchley Park 的广泛人士一起工作。
【最终版】为了纪念图灵诞辰100周年，“图灵百年咨询委员会”(TCAC)协调了“图灵年”，这是一个为期一年的活动，在世界各地纪念图灵的一生和成就。TCAC由S. Barry Cooper担任主席，图灵的侄子John Dermot Turing担任名誉主席，与曼彻斯特大学的教职员工以及来自剑桥大学和布莱切利公园的广泛人士合作。
===Steel sculpture controversy===
===Steel sculpture controversy===
=== 钢雕塑争议 ===
In May 2020 it was reported by ''[[Gay Star News]]'' that a {{convert|12|foot|adj=on}} high steel sculpture, to honour Turing, designed by Sir [[Antony Gormley]], was planned to be installed at [[King's College, Cambridge]]. [[Historic England]], however, was quoted as saying that the abstract work of 19 steel slabs "... would be at odds with the existing character of the College. This would result in harm, of a less than substantial nature, to the significance of the [[listed building]]s and landscape, and by extension the conservation area."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/heritage-watchdog-objects-to-statue-of-gay-hero-alan-turing-at-kings-college-cambridge/ |title=Heritage watchdog objects to statue of gay hero Alan Turing at Kings College Cambridge |first=Tris |last=Reid-Smith |date=1 May 2020 |website=Gay Star News |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2020 it was reported by ''[[Gay Star News]]'' that a {{convert|12|foot|adj=on}} high steel sculpture, to honour Turing, designed by Sir [[Antony Gormley]], was planned to be installed at [[King's College, Cambridge]]. [[Historic England]], however, was quoted as saying that the abstract work of 19 steel slabs "... would be at odds with the existing character of the College. This would result in harm, of a less than substantial nature, to the significance of the [[listed building]]s and landscape, and by extension the conservation area."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/heritage-watchdog-objects-to-statue-of-gay-hero-alan-turing-at-kings-college-cambridge/ |title=Heritage watchdog objects to statue of gay hero Alan Turing at Kings College Cambridge |first=Tris |last=Reid-Smith |date=1 May 2020 |website=Gay Star News |access-date=8 May 2020}}</ref>
2020年5月，据《同志之星新闻》报道，为了纪念图灵，安东尼 · 葛姆雷爵士设计了一座高大的钢制雕塑，计划安装在剑桥国王学院。历史上的英格兰，然而，援引说，抽象的工作，19钢板“ ... 将与现有的学院性质不一致。这将对所列建筑物和景观的重要性造成损害，并扩大保护区的范围。”
2020年5月，据《同志之星新闻》报道，为了纪念图灵，安东尼 · 葛姆雷爵士设计了一座高大的钢制雕塑，计划安装在剑桥国王学院。历史上的英格兰，然而，援引说，抽象的工作，19钢板“ ... 将与现有的学院性质不一致。这将对所列建筑物和景观的重要性造成损害，并扩大保护区的范围。”
【最终版】2020年5月，据Gay Star News报道，一个模板:由Antony Gormley爵士设计的高钢雕塑，以纪念图灵，计划在剑桥大学国王学院安装。然而，历史上的英国，被引用说，19个钢筋板的抽象作品“…将与学院现有的性质相冲突。这将对上榜的建筑和景观的重要性造成损害，并进一步扩大到保护区。”
==References==
==References==
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