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| [[File:Syc.gif|节拍器同步|链接=Special:FilePath/Syc.gif|alt=节拍器同步|左|有框]] | | [[File:Syc.gif|节拍器同步|链接=Special:FilePath/Syc.gif|alt=节拍器同步|左|有框]] |
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− | 所谓同步synchronization的本意是指某事物或现象同时进行、同时产生,比如音画同步、动作同步等。
| + | 所谓'''<font color="#ff8000">同步synchronization</font>'''的本意是指某事物或现象同时进行、同时产生,比如音画同步、动作同步等。 |
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− | 同步也指两个或两个以上随时间变化的量在变化过程中保持一定的相对关系,协调事件以统一地操作一个系统。例如,管弦乐队的指挥使管弦乐队保持同步或及时。如果系统的所有部分都处于同步状态,那么这些系统就是同步的或称之为同步系统synchronous,而非同步系统则称为异步系统asynchronous。
| + | 同步也指两个或两个以上随时间变化的量在变化过程中保持一定的相对关系,协调事件以统一地操作一个系统。例如,管弦乐队的指挥使管弦乐队保持同步或及时。如果系统的所有部分都处于同步状态,那么这些系统就是同步的或称之为'''<font color="#ff8000">同步系统synchronous</font>''',而非同步系统则称为'''<font color="#ff8000">异步系统asynchronous</font>'''。 |
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| 在系统中进行同步,也被称为及时、或者称为同步化的(in sync),指对在一个系统中所发生的事件(event)之间进行协调,在时间上出现一致性与统一化的现象。 | | 在系统中进行同步,也被称为及时、或者称为同步化的(in sync),指对在一个系统中所发生的事件(event)之间进行协调,在时间上出现一致性与统一化的现象。 |
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− | ==Transport==
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− | Time-keeping and synchronization of clocks is a critical problem in long-distance ocean navigation. Before [[radio navigation]] and [[Radionavigation-satellite service|satellite-based navigation]], navigators required accurate time in conjunction with astronomical observations to determine how far east or west their vessel traveled. The invention of an accurate [[marine chronometer]] revolutionized marine navigation. By the end of the 19th century, important ports provided [[time signal]]s in the form of a signal gun, flag, or dropping [[time ball]] so that mariners could check and correct their chronometers for error.
| + | ==交通运输系统Transport== |
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− | Time-keeping and synchronization of clocks is a critical problem in long-distance ocean navigation. Before radio navigation and satellite-based navigation, navigators required accurate time in conjunction with astronomical observations to determine how far east or west their vessel traveled. The invention of an accurate marine chronometer revolutionized marine navigation. By the end of the 19th century, important ports provided time signals in the form of a signal gun, flag, or dropping time ball so that mariners could check and correct their chronometers for error.
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− | 时钟的保时与同步是远程海洋导航中的一个关键问题。在无线电导航和卫星导航之前,导航员需要精确的时间和天文观测来确定他们的船向东或向西航行了多远。精确航海时计的发明彻底改变了海上航行。到了19世纪末,重要的港口以信号枪、旗帜或时间球的形式提供时间信号,以便水手能够检查和纠正他们的计时器的错误。
| + | 时钟的保时与同步是远程海洋导航中的一个关键问题。在无线电导航和基于卫星的导航出现之前,导航员需要结合天文观测的精确时间来确定他们的船向东或向西航行了多远。精确航海时计的发明彻底改变了航海。到19世纪末,重要的港口以信号枪、旗子或落下的计时球的形式提供了时间信号,这样水手们就可以检查和纠正他们的航行表的错误。 |
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| + | 在19世纪的铁路运营中,同步化是非常重要的,这是第一种主要的运输方式,速度足够快,因此附近城镇之间的当地平均时间差异非常明显。每条线路通过将所有车站与总部同步作为标准的铁路时间来处理这个问题。在一些地区,公司共用一条铁路轨道,需要避免碰撞。由于严格计时的需要,这些公司采用了一个标准,民政部门最终放弃了当地的平均时间,转而采用铁路计时。 |
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− | Synchronization was important in the operation of 19th-century railways, these being the first major means of transport fast enough for differences in [[local mean time]] between nearby towns to be noticeable. Each line handled the problem by synchronizing all its stations to headquarters as a standard [[railway time]]. In some territories, companies shared a single railroad track and needed to avoid collisions. The need for strict timekeeping led the companies to settle on one standard, and civil authorities eventually abandoned local mean time in favor of railway time.<!--[[User:Kvng/RTH]]-->
| + | 在航班管理上,采用进场管理系统作为决策支持工具,为进场的飞机实现机器排序,并把排序结果送给各个管制员执行,同时也是'''<font color="#ff8000">基于航迹运行(TBO, Trajectory Based Operation)</font>'''的一种工具,动态地进行时刻安排和确定跑道运行,从而更好地适应各种进场/离场模式。进场和离场排序同步化,从而使终端区和机场空域内的航班流易于预测且高效,最优地分配空域/机场资源,从而增加跑道和空域的吞吐量。合理的进离场排序,可避开自然现象、间隔限制和冲突带来的负面影响,使得流量管理在应对高峰流量时有更大自由,使吞吐量达到最大。 |
− | | + | ==通信系统Communication== |
− | Synchronization was important in the operation of 19th-century railways, these being the first major means of transport fast enough for differences in local mean time between nearby towns to be noticeable. Each line handled the problem by synchronizing all its stations to headquarters as a standard railway time. In some territories, companies shared a single railroad track and needed to avoid collisions. The need for strict timekeeping led the companies to settle on one standard, and civil authorities eventually abandoned local mean time in favor of railway time.<!--User:Kvng/RTH-->
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− | 在19世纪的铁路运营中,同步化是非常重要的,这是第一种主要的运输方式,速度足够快,因此附近城镇之间的当地平均时间差异非常明显。每条线路通过将所有车站与总部同步作为标准的铁路时间来处理这个问题。在一些地区,公司共用一条铁路轨道,需要避免碰撞。由于严格计时的需要,这些公司采用了一个标准,民政部门最终放弃了当地的平均时间,转而采用铁路计时。< ! -- 用户: kvng/rth-- >
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− | ==Communication== | |
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| {{further|Synchronization in telecommunications}} | | {{further|Synchronization in telecommunications}} |
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− | In [[electrical engineering]] terms, for digital logic and data transfer, a [[synchronous circuit]] requires a [[clock signal]]. However, the use of the word "clock" in this sense is different from the typical sense of a clock as a device that keeps track of time-of-day; the clock signal simply signals the start and/or end of some time period, often very minute (measured in microseconds or nanoseconds), that has an arbitrary relationship to sidereal, solar, or lunar time, or to any other system of measurement of the passage of minutes, hours, and days.
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− | In electrical engineering terms, for digital logic and data transfer, a synchronous circuit requires a clock signal. However, the use of the word "clock" in this sense is different from the typical sense of a clock as a device that keeps track of time-of-day; the clock signal simply signals the start and/or end of some time period, often very minute (measured in microseconds or nanoseconds), that has an arbitrary relationship to sidereal, solar, or lunar time, or to any other system of measurement of the passage of minutes, hours, and days.
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− | 在电气工程术语中,对于数字逻辑和数据传输,同步电路需要一个时钟信号。然而,“时钟”这个词在这个意义上的使用不同于时钟作为一种记录一天时间的装置的典型意义; 时钟信号仅仅标志着某个时间周期的开始和/或结束,通常是非常分钟(以微秒或纳秒计量) ,这个时间周期与恒星、太阳或月球时间,或与任何其他分钟、小时和天的流逝的测量系统有任意的关系。
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− | In a different sense, electronic systems are sometimes synchronized to make events at points far apart appear simultaneous or near-simultaneous from a certain perspective. (Albert Einstein proved in 1905 in his first relativity paper that there actually are no such things as absolutely simultaneous events.) Timekeeping technologies such as the [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] satellites and [[Network Time Protocol]] (NTP) provide real-time access to a close approximation to the [[UTC]] timescale and are used for many terrestrial synchronization applications of this kind.
| + | 在电气工程术语中,对于数字逻辑和数据传输,'''<font color="#ff8000">同步电路synchronous circuit</font>'''需要一个时钟信号。然而,“时钟”这个词在这个意义上的使用不同于时钟作为一种记录一天时间的装置的典型意义。 时钟信号仅仅标志着某个时间周期的开始和/或结束,通常是非常分钟(以微秒或纳秒计量) ,这个时间周期与恒星、太阳或月球时间,或与任何其他分钟、小时和天的流逝的测量系统有任意的关系。 |
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− | In a different sense, electronic systems are sometimes synchronized to make events at points far apart appear simultaneous or near-simultaneous from a certain perspective. (Albert Einstein proved in 1905 in his first relativity paper that there actually are no such things as absolutely simultaneous events.) Timekeeping technologies such as the GPS satellites and Network Time Protocol (NTP) provide real-time access to a close approximation to the UTC timescale and are used for many terrestrial synchronization applications of this kind.
| + | 从另一个意义上说,电子系统有时是同步的,以使远距离的事件从某种角度看似乎是同时发生的或近乎同时发生的。阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦在1905年他的第一篇相对论论文中证明,事实上并不存在绝对同时发生的事情。全球定位系统卫星和'''<font color="#ff8000">网络时间协议Network Time Protocol(NTP)</font>'''等计时技术提供了接近协调世界时时间尺度的实时接入,并用于许多此类地面同步应用。 |
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− | 从另一个意义上说,电子系统有时是同步的,以使远距离的事件从某种角度看似乎是同时发生的或近乎同时发生的。(阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦在1905年他的第一篇相对论论文中证明,事实上并不存在绝对同时发生的事情。)全球定位系统卫星和网络时间协议(NTP)等计时技术提供了接近协调世界时时间尺度的实时接入,并用于许多此类地面同步应用。
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