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→问题背景： 细分了子目录，现象、抽象、二分复杂是各位都可接受的挑战
== 问题背景 ==
== 问题背景 ==
新目录，请大家多批评指正
=== 自然和社会现象 ===
蚁群、鸟群、木星大红斑
=== 古典计算模型 ===
人们在生产生活中所用的计量方法及科学家们的计算机理论模型和实际计算设备。
=== 混沌与秩序边缘 ===
从失控开始，引入[[复杂系统]]和[[复杂网络]][[高阶网络]][[超图]][[流网络]][[网络渗流]]等基本术语，及所针对的基本问题。由于理论上已经证明图灵机、通用图灵机、[[元胞自动机]]、[[神经网络]]是计算等价的，所以计算力学词条选择一个等价关系来展开讲。
[[复杂系统]]的涌现问题由来已久<ref name=":0">James P. Crutchfield, Karl Young. Inferring Statistical Complexity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, VOLUME 63, NUMBER 2. 10 JULY 1989</ref><ref name=":1">James P. Crutchfield. The Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction. SFI 94-03-016. 1994</ref><ref name=":2">James E. Hanson, James P. Crutchfield. Computational Mechanics of Cellular Automata: An Example. SFI WORKING PAPER: 1995-10-095</ref><ref name=":3">Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, James P. Crutchfield. Computational Mechanics: Pattern and Prediction, Structure and Simplicity. February 1, 2008</ref>。Some of the most engaging and perplexing natural phenomena are those in which highlystructured collective behavior emerges over time from the interaction of simple subsystems. Flocks of birds flying in lockstep formation and schools of fish swimming in coherent array abruptly turn together with no leader guiding the group...
[[复杂系统]]的涌现问题由来已久<ref name=":0">James P. Crutchfield, Karl Young. Inferring Statistical Complexity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, VOLUME 63, NUMBER 2. 10 JULY 1989</ref><ref name=":1">James P. Crutchfield. The Calculi of Emergence: Computation, Dynamics, and Induction. SFI 94-03-016. 1994</ref><ref name=":2">James E. Hanson, James P. Crutchfield. Computational Mechanics of Cellular Automata: An Example. SFI WORKING PAPER: 1995-10-095</ref><ref name=":3">Cosma Rohilla Shalizi, James P. Crutchfield. Computational Mechanics: Pattern and Prediction, Structure and Simplicity. February 1, 2008</ref>。Some of the most engaging and perplexing natural phenomena are those in which highlystructured collective behavior emerges over time from the interaction of simple subsystems. Flocks of birds flying in lockstep formation and schools of fish swimming in coherent array abruptly turn together with no leader guiding the group...