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| | ===普适性=== | | ===普适性=== |
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| − | 具有抛物极大值和费根鲍姆常数(包括<math>\delta</math>=4.669201...,<math>\alpha</math>=2.502907...)<ref>[http://chaosbook.org/extras/mjf/LA-6816-PR.pdf Feigenbaum, M. J. (1976) "Universality in complex discrete dynamics", Los Alamos Theoretical Division Annual Report 1975-1976]</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|last=Feigenbaum|first=Mitchell|date=1978|title=Quantitative universality for a class of nonlinear transformations|journal=Journal of Statistical Physics|volume=19|issue=1|pages=25-52|bibcode=1978JSP....19...25F|citeseerx=10.1.1.418.9339|doi=10.1007/BF01020332}}</ref> 的一维映射在Logistic映射作为离散激光动力学的模型时容易察觉其具有的普遍性质。<math> x \rightarrow G x (1 - \tanh (x))</math>,x为电场振幅,<math>G</math><ref name="Okulov, A Yu 1986">{{cite journal|last1=Okulov|first1=A Yu|last2=Oraevskiĭ|first2=A N|year=1986|title=Space–temporal behavior of a light pulse propagating in a nonlinear nondispersive medium|journal=J. Opt. Soc. Am. B|volume=3|issue=5|pages=741–746|bibcode=1986OSAJB...3..741O|doi=10.1364/JOSAB.3.000741}}</ref>为激光增益分岔参数。
| + | 更有趣的是,费根鲍姆常数<math>\delta</math>不仅仅对于Logistic映射方程成立,它对一类映射方程:<math>x(t+1)=f(x(t))</math>都成立,并且取同样的值。其中<math>f(x)=a g(x)</math>,<math>a</math>为常数,<math>g(x)</math>为[0,1]区间上的类[[Logistic函数]]。例如,对于迭代方程: |
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| − | 当<math>G</math>在区间<math>[0,\infty) </math>中逐渐增大时,其动力学由规则型变为混沌型,<ref name="Okulov, A Yu 1984">{{cite journal|last1=Okulov|first1=A Yu|last2=Oraevskiĭ|first2=A N|year=1984|title=Regular and stochastic self-modulation in a ring laser with nonlinear element|journal=Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics|volume=14|issue=2|pages=1235–1237|bibcode=1984QuEle..14.1235O|doi=10.1070/QE1984v014n09ABEH006171}}</ref> 其分岔图在某些性质上与Logistic映射相同。
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| − | 更有趣的是,费根鲍姆常数<math>\delta</math>不仅仅对于Logistic映射方程成立,它对一类映射方程:<math>x(t+1)=f(x(t))</math>都成立,并且取同样的值。其中<math>f(x)=a g(x)</math>,<math>a</math>为常数,<math>g(x)</math>为[0,1]区间上的Logistic函数。例如,对于迭代方程: | |
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| | :<math>f(x)=a-x^2=a(1-\frac{x^2}{a}).</math> | | :<math>f(x)=a-x^2=a(1-\frac{x^2}{a}).</math> |
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| | :{| class="wikitable" | | :{| class="wikitable" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! ''n'' | + | ! ''n'' ! 周期! 分岔参数 (''a<sub>n</sub>'')! 比例 <math>\dfrac{a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}}{a_n-a_{n-1}} </math> |
| − | ! 周期 | |
| − | ! 分岔参数 (''a<sub>n</sub>'') | |
| − | ! 比例 <math>\dfrac{a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}}{a_n-a_{n-1}} </math> | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 1 | + | | 1 || 2|| 0.75|| N/A |
| − | || 2 | |
| − | || 0.75 | |
| − | || N/A | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 2 | + | | 2 || 4|| 1.25|| N/A |
| − | || 4 | |
| − | || 1.25 | |
| − | || N/A | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 3 | + | | 3 || 8|| 1.3680989|| 4.2337 |
| − | || 8 | |
| − | || 1.3680989 | |
| − | || 4.2337 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 4 | + | | 4 || 16|| 1.3940462|| 4.5515 |
| − | || 16 | |
| − | || 1.3940462 | |
| − | || 4.5515 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 5 | + | | 5 || 32|| 1.3996312|| 4.6458 |
| − | || 32 | |
| − | || 1.3996312 | |
| − | || 4.6458 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 6 | + | | 6 || 64|| 1.4008287|| 4.6639 |
| − | || 64 | |
| − | || 1.4008287 | |
| − | || 4.6639 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 7 | + | | 7 || 128|| 1.4010853|| 4.6682 |
| − | || 128 | |
| − | || 1.4010853 | |
| − | || 4.6682 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 8 | + | | 8 || 256|| 1.4011402|| 4.6689 |
| − | || 256 | |
| − | || 1.4011402 | |
| − | || 4.6689 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | :{| class="wikitable" | | :{| class="wikitable" |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | ! ''n'' | + | ! ''n'' ! 周期! 分岔参数 (''a<sub>n</sub>'')! 比例 <math>\dfrac{a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}}{a_n-a_{n-1}} </math> |
| − | ! 周期 | |
| − | ! 分岔参数 (''a<sub>n</sub>'') | |
| − | ! 比例 <math>\dfrac{a_{n-1}-a_{n-2}}{a_n-a_{n-1}} </math> | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 1 | + | | 1 || 2|| 2.121|| N/A |
| − | || 2 | |
| − | || 2.121 | |
| − | || N/A | |
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| − | | 2 | + | | 2 || 4|| 2.263|| N/A |
| − | || 4 | |
| − | || 2.263 | |
| − | || N/A | |
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| − | | 3 | + | | 3 || 8|| 2.294|| 4.665 |
| − | || 8 | |
| − | || 2.294 | |
| − | || 4.665 | |
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| − | | 4 | + | | 4 || 16|| 2.300|| 4.668 |
| − | || 16 | |
| − | || 2.300 | |
| − | || 4.668 | |
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| − | | 5 | + | | 5 || 32|| 2.301|| 4.669 |
| − | || 32 | |
| − | || 2.301 | |
| − | || 4.669 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| − | | 6 | + | | 6 || 64|| 2.302|| 4.669 |
| − | || 64 | |
| − | || 2.302 | |
| − | || 4.669 | |
| | |- | | |- |
| | |} | | |} |
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| | + | 甚至于不一定是二次函数,只要映射函数的形状与Logistic映射类似,那么该映射也会展现出类似Logistic的特性。例如具有类似抛物形状的极大值 <ref>{{cite journal|last=Feigenbaum|first=Mitchell|date=1978|title=Quantitative universality for a class of nonlinear transformations|journal=Journal of Statistical Physics|volume=19|issue=1|pages=25-52|bibcode=1978JSP....19...25F|citeseerx=10.1.1.418.9339|doi=10.1007/BF01020332}}</ref> 的一维映射<math>f(x)</math>: |
| | + | |
| | + | :<math> |
| | + | f(x):= G x (1 - \tanh (x)) |
| | + | </math> |
| | + | |
| | + | 该映射可作为离散激光的动力学模型,其中,<math>x</math>可以代表电场振幅,<math>G</math>为为激光增益分岔参数。 |
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| | + | 容易观察到,该映射其具有与Logistic映射类似的性质,当<math>G</math>在区间<math>[0,\infty) </math>中逐渐增大时,其动力学由规则型变为混沌型,<ref name="Okulov, A Yu 1984">{{cite journal|last1=Okulov|first1=A Yu|last2=Oraevskiĭ|first2=A N|year=1984|title=Regular and stochastic self-modulation in a ring laser with nonlinear element|journal=Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics|volume=14|issue=2|pages=1235–1237|bibcode=1984QuEle..14.1235O|doi=10.1070/QE1984v014n09ABEH006171}}</ref> 其分岔图在某些性质上与Logistic映射相同。 |
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| | + | 除此之外,该映射也有相同的费根鲍姆常数(包括<math>\delta</math>=4.669201...,<math>\alpha</math>=2.502907...)<ref>[http://chaosbook.org/extras/mjf/LA-6816-PR.pdf Feigenbaum, M. J. (1976) "Universality in complex discrete dynamics", Los Alamos Theoretical Division Annual Report 1975-1976]</ref>。<ref name="Okulov, A Yu 1986">{{cite journal|last1=Okulov|first1=A Yu|last2=Oraevskiĭ|first2=A N|year=1986|title=Space–temporal behavior of a light pulse propagating in a nonlinear nondispersive medium|journal=J. Opt. Soc. Am. B|volume=3|issue=5|pages=741–746|bibcode=1986OSAJB...3..741O|doi=10.1364/JOSAB.3.000741}}</ref>。 |
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| | 由此,可见费根鲍姆常数具有很强的普适性。 | | 由此,可见费根鲍姆常数具有很强的普适性。 |