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第253行： − − − − Data science is a growing field. A career as a data scientist is ranked at the third best job in America for 2020 by Glassdoor, and was ranked the number one best job from 2016-2019. Data scientists have a median salary of $118,370 per year or $56.91 per hour. Job growth in this field is also above average, with a projected increase of 16% from 2018 to 2028. The largest employer of data scientists in the US is the federal government, employing 28% of the data science workforce. Other large employers of data scientists are computer system design services, research and development laboratories, and colleges and universities. Typically, data scientists work full time, and some work more than 40 hours a week. − − − − − − + − − In order to become a data scientist, there is a significant amount of education and experience required. The first step in becoming a data scientist is to earn a bachelor's degree, typically in a field related to computing or mathematics. Coding bootcamps are also available and can be used as an alternate pre-qualification to supplement a bachelor's degree in another field. Most data scientists also complete a master’s degree or a PhD in data science. Once these qualifications are met, the next step to becoming a data scientist is to apply for an entry level job in the field. Some data scientists may later choose to specialize in a sub-field of data science. 第280行：
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→Careers in data science 数据科学的相关职业
== Careers in data science 数据科学的相关职业==
== Careers in data science 数据科学的相关职业==
Data science is a growing field. A career as a data scientist is ranked at the third best job in America for 2020 by Glassdoor, and was ranked the number one best job from 2016-2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glassdoor.com/List/Best-Jobs-in-America-LST_KQ0,20.htm|title=Best Jobs in America|website=Glassdoor|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> Data scientists have a median salary of $118,370 per year or $56.91 per hour.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm|title=Computer and Information Research Scientists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=www.bls.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> Job growth in this field is also above average, with a projected increase of 16% from 2018 to 2028.<ref name=":2" /> The largest employer of data scientists in the US is the federal government, employing 28% of the data science workforce.<ref name=":2" /> Other large employers of data scientists are computer system design services, research and development laboratories, and colleges and universities.<ref name=":2" /> Typically, data scientists work full time, and some work more than 40 hours a week.<ref name=":2" />
Data science is a growing field. A career as a data scientist is ranked at the third best job in America for 2020 by Glassdoor, and was ranked the number one best job from 2016-2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.glassdoor.com/List/Best-Jobs-in-America-LST_KQ0,20.htm|title=Best Jobs in America|website=Glassdoor|language=en|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> Data scientists have a median salary of $118,370 per year or $56.91 per hour.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/computer-and-information-research-scientists.htm|title=Computer and Information Research Scientists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics|website=www.bls.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref> Job growth in this field is also above average, with a projected increase of 16% from 2018 to 2028.<ref name=":2" /> The largest employer of data scientists in the US is the federal government, employing 28% of the data science workforce.<ref name=":2" /> Other large employers of data scientists are computer system design services, research and development laboratories, and colleges and universities.<ref name=":2" /> Typically, data scientists work full time, and some work more than 40 hours a week.<ref name=":2" />
数据科学是一个不断发展的领域。数据科学家在Glassdoor(美国的一家做企业点评与职位搜索的职场社区)评价的2020年美国最佳职业中居第三名，在2016-2019年最佳职业中居首位。数据科学家的平均薪资是每年118,370美元或每小时56.91美元。该领域的就业增长率也高于平均水平，预计从2018年到2028年将增长16%。美国的数据科学家的最大雇佣方是美国联邦政府，占比28%；其他主要雇主包括计算机系统设计服务、研究和开发实验室以及高校。通常情况下，数据科学家全职工作，有些人每周工作超过40小时。
数据科学是一个不断发展的领域。数据科学家在Glassdoor(美国的一家做企业点评与职位搜索的职场社区)评价的2020年美国最佳职业中居第三名，在2016-2019年最佳职业中居首位。数据科学家的平均薪资是每年118,370美元或每小时56.91美元。该领域的就业增长率也高于平均水平，预计从2018年到2028年将增长16%。美国的数据科学家的最大雇佣方是美国联邦政府，占比28%；其他主要雇主包括计算机系统设计服务、研究和开发实验室以及高校。通常情况下，数据科学家全职工作，有些人每周工作超过40小时。
=== Educational path ===
=== Educational path ===
教育途径
'''教育途径'''
In order to become a data scientist, there is a significant amount of education and experience required. The first step in becoming a data scientist is to earn a bachelor's degree, typically in a field related to computing or mathematics.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mastersindatascience.org/careers/data-scientist/|title=What is a Data Scientist?|website=Master's in Data Science|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Coding bootcamps are also available and can be used as an alternate pre-qualification to supplement a bachelor's degree in another field.<ref name=":3" /> Most data scientists also complete a master’s degree or a PhD in data science.<ref name=":3" /> Once these qualifications are met, the next step to becoming a data scientist is to apply for an entry level job in the field.<ref name=":3" /> Some data scientists may later choose to specialize in a sub-field of data science.<ref name=":3" />
In order to become a data scientist, there is a significant amount of education and experience required. The first step in becoming a data scientist is to earn a bachelor's degree, typically in a field related to computing or mathematics.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mastersindatascience.org/careers/data-scientist/|title=What is a Data Scientist?|website=Master's in Data Science|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Coding bootcamps are also available and can be used as an alternate pre-qualification to supplement a bachelor's degree in another field.<ref name=":3" /> Most data scientists also complete a master’s degree or a PhD in data science.<ref name=":3" /> Once these qualifications are met, the next step to becoming a data scientist is to apply for an entry level job in the field.<ref name=":3" /> Some data scientists may later choose to specialize in a sub-field of data science.<ref name=":3" />
要成为一名数据科学家，需要接受充分教育、积累大量经验。成为数据科学家的第一步通常是在与计算或数学相关的领域获得学士学位；其他领域的学士也可以通过参加编程训练营补充资格。大多数数据科学家也在该领域取得了硕士或博士学位。一旦符合这些条件，成为数据科学家的下一步就是申请该领域的入门级工作。一些数据科学家以后可能会选择专攻数据科学的一个分支领域。
要成为一名数据科学家，需要接受充分教育、积累大量经验。成为数据科学家的第一步通常是在与计算或数学相关的领域获得学士学位；其他领域的学士也可以通过参加编程训练营补充资格。大多数数据科学家也在该领域取得了硕士或博士学位。一旦符合这些条件，成为数据科学家的下一步就是申请该领域的入门级工作。一些数据科学家以后可能会选择专攻数据科学的一个分支领域。
=== Specializations and associated careers ===
=== Specializations and associated careers ===
专业细分和相关职业
'''专业细分和相关职业'''
* 机器学习科学家: 机器学习科学家研究数据分析新方法，创立算法.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/data-science-careers-shaping-our-future/|title=11 Data Science Careers Shaping the Future|date=2018-11-23|website=Northeastern University Graduate Programs|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref>
* 机器学习科学家: 机器学习科学家研究数据分析新方法，创立算法.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.northeastern.edu/graduate/blog/data-science-careers-shaping-our-future/|title=11 Data Science Careers Shaping the Future|date=2018-11-23|website=Northeastern University Graduate Programs|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-03}}</ref>
* 数据分析师: 数据分析师利用大型数据集来收集信息，以满足公司需求<ref name=":4" />
* 数据分析师: 数据分析师利用大型数据集来收集信息，以满足公司需求<ref name=":4" />
* 数据顾问: 数据顾问与企业合作，以确定对数据分析产生的信息的最佳利用<ref name=":3" />
* 数据顾问: 数据顾问与企业合作，以确定对数据分析产生的信息的最佳利用<ref name=":3" />
* 数据架构师: 数据架构师提供针对性能和设计应用优化的数据解决方案<ref name=":4" />
* 数据架构师: 数据架构师提供针对性能和设计应用优化的数据解决方案<ref name=":4" />
* 应用程序架构师: 应用程序架构师跟踪应用程序在整个业务中的使用情况，以及其与用户和其他应用程序的交互情况.<ref name=":4" />
* 应用程序架构师: 应用程序架构师跟踪应用程序在整个业务中的使用情况，以及其与用户和其他应用程序的交互情况.<ref name=":4" />