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第9行： − + − Network science is an academic field which studies complex networks such as telecommunication networks, computer networks, biological networks, cognitive and semantic networks, and social networks, considering distinct elements or actors represented by nodes (or vertices) and the connections between the elements or actors as links (or edges). The field draws on theories and methods including graph theory from mathematics, statistical mechanics from physics, data mining and information visualization from computer science, inferential modeling from statistics, and social structure from sociology. The United States National Research Council defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."[1] − − 网络科学Network Science是一个研究复杂网络的学术领域，如通讯网络，计算机网络，生物网络，认知和语义网络，以及社会网络，主要由节点（顶点）表示不同元素或参与者，由连边表示元素和参与者之间的联系。这个领域的理论和方法包括数学的图理论，物理学的统计力学，计算机科学的数据挖掘和信息可视化，统计学的推理建模，社会学的社会结构。 美国国家研究委员会The United States National Research Council将网络科学定义为“研究物理、生物和社会现象的网络表征，从而得出这些现象的预测模型。” [1]
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'''Network science''' is an academic field which studies [[complex network]]s such as [[telecommunication network]]s, [[computer network]]s, [[biological network]]s, cognitive and [[semantic network]]s, and [[social network]]s, considering distinct elements or actors represented by ''nodes'' (or ''vertices'') and the connections between the elements or actors as ''links'' (or ''edges''). The field draws on theories and methods including [[graph theory]] from mathematics, [[statistical mechanics]] from physics, [[data mining]] and [[information visualization]] from computer science, [[inferential statistics|inferential modeling]] from statistics, and [[social structure]] from sociology. The [[United States National Research Council]] defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."<ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council |isbn=978-0309653886 |year=2006 |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11516.html|doi=10.17226/11516 }}</ref>
'''Network science''' is an academic field which studies [[complex network]]s such as [[telecommunication network]]s, [[computer network]]s, [[biological network]]s, cognitive and [[semantic network]]s, and [[social network]]s, considering distinct elements or actors represented by ''nodes'' (or ''vertices'') and the connections between the elements or actors as ''links'' (or ''edges''). The field draws on theories and methods including [[graph theory]] from mathematics, [[statistical mechanics]] from physics, [[data mining]] and [[information visualization]] from computer science, [[inferential statistics|inferential modeling]] from statistics, and [[social structure]] from sociology. The [[United States National Research Council]] defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."<ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council |isbn=978-0309653886 |year=2006 |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11516.html|doi=10.17226/11516 }}</ref>
网络科学（Network Science）是一个研究复杂网络的学术领域，如通讯网络，计算机网络，生物网络，认知和语义网络，以及社会网络，主要由节点（顶点）表示不同元素或参与者，由连边表示元素或参与者之间的联系。这个领域的理论和方法包括数学的图理论，物理学的统计力学，计算机科学的数据挖掘和信息可视化，统计学的推理建模，社会学的社会结构。 美国国家研究委员会（The United States National Research Council）将网络科学定义为“研究物理、生物和社会现象的网络表征，从而得出这些现象的预测模型。” [1]
== Background and history ==
== Background and history ==