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'''Network science''' is an academic field which studies [[complex network]]s such as [[telecommunication network]]s, [[computer network]]s, [[biological network]]s, cognitive and [[semantic network]]s, and [[social network]]s, considering distinct elements or actors represented by ''nodes'' (or ''vertices'') and the connections between the elements or actors as ''links'' (or ''edges''). The field draws on theories and methods including [[graph theory]] from mathematics, [[statistical mechanics]] from physics, [[data mining]] and [[information visualization]] from computer science, [[inferential statistics|inferential modeling]] from statistics, and [[social structure]] from sociology. The [[United States National Research Council]] defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."<ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council |isbn=978-0309653886 |year=2006 |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11516.html|doi=10.17226/11516 }}</ref>
'''Network science''' is an academic field which studies [[complex network]]s such as [[telecommunication network]]s, [[computer network]]s, [[biological network]]s, cognitive and [[semantic network]]s, and [[social network]]s, considering distinct elements or actors represented by ''nodes'' (or ''vertices'') and the connections between the elements or actors as ''links'' (or ''edges''). The field draws on theories and methods including [[graph theory]] from mathematics, [[statistical mechanics]] from physics, [[data mining]] and [[information visualization]] from computer science, [[inferential statistics|inferential modeling]] from statistics, and [[social structure]] from sociology. The [[United States National Research Council]] defines network science as "the study of network representations of physical, biological, and social phenomena leading to predictive models of these phenomena."<ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council |isbn=978-0309653886 |year=2006 |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11516.html|doi=10.17226/11516 }}</ref>
网络科学（Network Science）是一个研究复杂网络的学术领域，如通讯网络，计算机网络，生物网络，认知和语义网络，以及社会网络，主要由节点（顶点）表示不同元素或参与者，由连边表示元素或参与者之间的联系。这个领域的理论和方法包括数学的图理论，物理学的统计力学，计算机科学的数据挖掘和信息可视化，统计学的推理建模，社会学的社会结构。 美国国家研究委员会（The United States National Research Council）将网络科学定义为“研究物理、生物和社会现象的网络表征，从而得出这些现象的预测模型。” [1]
网络科学（Network Science）是一个研究复杂网络的学术领域，如通讯网络，计算机网络，生物网络，认知和语义网络，以及社会网络，主要由节点（顶点）表示不同元素或参与者，由连边表示元素或参与者之间的联系。该领域借鉴了数学中的图论，物理学中的统计力学，计算机科学中的数据挖掘和信息可视化，统计学中的推理建模和社会学中的社会结构等理论和方法。 美国国家研究委员会（The United States National Research Council）将网络科学定义为“研究物理、生物和社会现象的网络表征，从而得出这些现象的预测模型。” [1]
== Background and history ==
== Background and history ==