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第16行： + − + − − Essential in synergetics is the order-parameter concept which was originally introduced in the Ginzburg–Landau theory in order to describe phase-transitions in thermodynamics. The order parameter concept is generalized by Haken to the "enslaving-principle" saying that the dynamics of fast-relaxing (stable) modes is completely determined by the 'slow' dynamics of as a rule only a few 'order-parameters' (unstable modes). The order parameters can be interpreted as the amplitudes of the unstable modes determining the macroscopic pattern. − − 协同学的本质是序参量的概念，这个概念最初是在 Ginzburg-Landau 理论中引入的，用来描述热力学中的相变。哈肯将序参量概念推广为“奴役原理” ，认为快放松(稳定)模态的动力学完全由“慢”动力学决定，一般只有少数“序参量”(不稳定模态)。阶参数可以解释为决定宏观模式的不稳定模态的振幅。 − − 协同学的本质是序参量的概念，这个概念最初是在 Ginzburg-Landau 理论中引入的，用来描述热力学中的相变。哈肯将序参量概念推广为“奴役原理” ，认为快速释放(稳定)模态的动力学完全由“慢”动力学决定，一般只有少数“序参量”(不稳定模态)。阶参数可以解释为决定宏观模式的不稳定模态的振幅。 − +
无编辑摘要
许多非线性相互作用的子系统构成的“宏观”系统是自组织的前提条件。自组织基于外参量（环境、能量通量）而发生。
许多非线性相互作用的子系统构成的“宏观”系统是自组织的前提条件。自组织基于外参量（环境、能量通量）而发生。
==Order-parameter concept==
==Order-parameter concept==
==有序参数概念==
==有序参量概念==
Essential in synergetics is the order-parameter concept which was originally introduced in the [[Ginzburg–Landau theory]] in order to describe [[phase transition|phase-transitions]] in thermodynamics. The order parameter concept is generalized by Haken to the "enslaving-principle" saying that the dynamics of fast-relaxing (stable) modes is completely determined by the 'slow' dynamics of as a rule only a few 'order-parameters' (unstable modes). The order parameters can be interpreted as the amplitudes of the unstable modes determining the macroscopic pattern.
Essential in synergetics is the order-parameter concept which was originally introduced in the [[Ginzburg–Landau theory]] in order to describe [[phase transition|phase-transitions]] in thermodynamics. The order parameter concept is generalized by Haken to the "enslaving-principle" saying that the dynamics of fast-relaxing (stable) modes is completely determined by the 'slow' dynamics of as a rule only a few 'order-parameters' (unstable modes). The order parameters can be interpreted as the amplitudes of the unstable modes determining the macroscopic pattern.
有序参量的概念是协同学的核心。这个概念最初是在[[Ginzburg-Landau理论]]中为了描述用来描述热力学中[[相变]]而引入的。哈肯将序参量概念概括为“奴役原理”，即快速释放(稳定)模态的动力学完全被由少数“有序参量构成的“慢”动力学所决定。有序参量可理解为决定宏观斑图的不稳定模态振幅。