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=== Neural models ===

=== 神经模型 Neural models ===

One approach to modeling the neurophysiology and the functioning of working memory is [[PBWM|prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM)]]. In this model, the prefrontal cortex works hand-in-hand with the basal ganglia to accomplish the tasks of working memory. Many studies have shown this to be the case.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baier|first1=B.|last2=Karnath|first2=H.-O.|last3=Dieterich|first3=M.|last4=Birklein|first4=F.|last5=Heinze|first5=C.|last6=Muller|first6=N. G.|date=2010-07-21|title=Keeping Memory Clear and Stable--The Contribution of Human Basal Ganglia and Prefrontal Cortex to Working Memory|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=30|issue=29|pages=9788–9792|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.1513-10.2010|pmid=20660261|pmc=6632833|issn=0270-6474|doi-access=free}}</ref> One used ablation techniques in patients who had suffered from seizures and had damage to the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.<ref name=":2" /> Researchers found that such damage resulted in decreased capacity to carry out the executive function of working memory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Voytek|first1=B.|last2=Knight|first2=R. T.|date=2010-10-04|title=Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia contributions to visual working memory|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=107|issue=42|pages=18167–18172|doi=10.1073/pnas.1007277107|pmid=20921401|issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref> Additional research conducted on patients with brain alterations due to methamphetamine use found that training working memory increases volume in the basal ganglia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brooks|first1=S. J.|last2=Burch|first2=K. H.|last3=Maiorana|first3=S. A.|last4=Cocolas|first4=E.|last5=Schioth|first5=H. B.|last6=Nilsson|first6=E. K.|last7=Kamaloodien|first7=K.|last8=Stein|first8=D. J.|date=2016-02-01|title=Psychological intervention with working memory training increases basal ganglia volume: A VBM study of inpatient treatment for methamphetamine use|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216301541|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|language=en|volume=12|pages=478–491|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.019|pmid=27625988|issn=2213-1582|doi-access=free}}</ref>

One approach to modeling the neurophysiology and the functioning of working memory is [[PBWM|prefrontal cortex basal ganglia working memory (PBWM)]]. In this model, the prefrontal cortex works hand-in-hand with the basal ganglia to accomplish the tasks of working memory. Many studies have shown this to be the case.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Baier|first1=B.|last2=Karnath|first2=H.-O.|last3=Dieterich|first3=M.|last4=Birklein|first4=F.|last5=Heinze|first5=C.|last6=Muller|first6=N. G.|date=2010-07-21|title=Keeping Memory Clear and Stable--The Contribution of Human Basal Ganglia and Prefrontal Cortex to Working Memory|journal=Journal of Neuroscience|volume=30|issue=29|pages=9788–9792|doi=10.1523/jneurosci.1513-10.2010|pmid=20660261|pmc=6632833|issn=0270-6474|doi-access=free}}</ref> One used ablation techniques in patients who had suffered from seizures and had damage to the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia.<ref name=":2" /> Researchers found that such damage resulted in decreased capacity to carry out the executive function of working memory.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=Voytek|first1=B.|last2=Knight|first2=R. T.|date=2010-10-04|title=Prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia contributions to visual working memory|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=107|issue=42|pages=18167–18172|doi=10.1073/pnas.1007277107|pmid=20921401|issn=0027-8424|doi-access=free}}</ref> Additional research conducted on patients with brain alterations due to methamphetamine use found that training working memory increases volume in the basal ganglia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brooks|first1=S. J.|last2=Burch|first2=K. H.|last3=Maiorana|first3=S. A.|last4=Cocolas|first4=E.|last5=Schioth|first5=H. B.|last6=Nilsson|first6=E. K.|last7=Kamaloodien|first7=K.|last8=Stein|first8=D. J.|date=2016-02-01|title=Psychological intervention with working memory training increases basal ganglia volume: A VBM study of inpatient treatment for methamphetamine use|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216301541|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|language=en|volume=12|pages=478–491|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.019|pmid=27625988|issn=2213-1582|doi-access=free}}</ref>

建立神经生理学和工作记忆功能模型的一种方法是前额叶皮质基底节工作记忆记忆模型。在这个模型中，脑前额叶外皮与基底神经节携手共同完成工作记忆的任务。许多研究已经证明了这一点。其中一个使用消融技术治疗癫痫发作、脑前额叶外皮和基底神经节受损的患者。对因服用甲基苯丙胺而导致大脑改变的病人进行的额外研究发现，训练工作记忆增加了基底神经节的容量。

建立神经生理学和工作记忆功能模型的一种方法是前额叶皮质基底节工作记忆记忆模型。在这个模型中，脑前额叶外皮与基底神经节携手共同完成工作记忆的任务。许多研究已经证明了这一点。其中一个使用消融技术治疗癫痫发作、脑前额叶外皮和基底神经节受损的患者。对因服用甲基苯丙胺而导致大脑改变的病人进行的额外研究发现，训练工作记忆增加了基底神经节的容量。

=== 神经生理学的压力效果 Effects of stress on neurophysiology ===

=== 神经生理学的压力效果 Effects of stress on neurophysiology ===