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[[Image:Google Knowledge Panel.png|right|thumb|Knowledge Graph data about Thomas Jefferson displayed on [[Google Search]], as of January 2015]]
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[[Image:Google Knowledge Panel.png|right|thumb|图1:Knowledge Graph data about Thomas Jefferson displayed on Google Search, as of January 2015 截至2015年1月,谷歌搜索中显示的托马斯·杰斐逊的知识图谱内容]]
    
Knowledge Graph data about Thomas Jefferson displayed on [[Google Search, as of January 2015]]
 
Knowledge Graph data about Thomas Jefferson displayed on [[Google Search, as of January 2015]]
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截至2015年1月,谷歌搜索中显示的托马斯·杰斐逊的知识图谱内容
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The '''Knowledge Graph''' is a [[knowledge base]] used by [[Google]] and its services to enhance its [[Google Search|search engine]]'s results with information gathered from a variety of sources. The information is presented to users in an [[infobox]] next to the search results. Knowledge Graph infoboxes were added to Google's search engine in May 2012, starting in the United States, with international expansion by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog  
 
The '''Knowledge Graph''' is a [[knowledge base]] used by [[Google]] and its services to enhance its [[Google Search|search engine]]'s results with information gathered from a variety of sources. The information is presented to users in an [[infobox]] next to the search results. Knowledge Graph infoboxes were added to Google's search engine in May 2012, starting in the United States, with international expansion by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog  
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The Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base used by Google and its services to enhance its search engine's results with information gathered from a variety of sources. The information is presented to users in an infobox next to the search results. Knowledge Graph infoboxes were added to Google's search engine in May 2012, starting in the United States, with international expansion by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog  
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The Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base used by Google and its services to enhance its search engine's results with information gathered from a variety of sources. The information is presented to users in an infobox next to the search results. Knowledge Graph infoboxes were added to Google's search engine in May 2012, starting in the United States, with international expansion by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2012/05/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not.html |title=Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things, Not Strings |work=Google Official Blog </ref>
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知识图谱是谷歌的一个知识库,谷歌通过它从各种渠道收集信息,丰富谷歌搜索引擎的搜索结果。这些信息会被放在搜索结果旁的一个信息框中呈现给用户。2012年5月,谷歌搜索引擎开始引入这项功能,首先可在美国使用,12年年底扩展到了全球。
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'''<font color="#ff8000">知识图谱 Knowledge Graph</font>'''是谷歌的一个'''<font color=#ff8000>知识库 Knowledge Base</font>''',谷歌通过它从各种渠道收集信息,丰富谷歌搜索引擎的搜索结果。这些信息会被放在搜索结果旁的一个信息框中呈现给用户。2012年5月,谷歌搜索引擎开始引入这项功能,首先可在美国使用,12年年底这项功能推广到了全球。
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  The information covered by the Knowledge Graph grew significantly after launch, tripling its size within seven months (covering 570 million '''entities''' and 18 billion '''facts''') and answering "roughly one-third" of the 100 billion monthly searches Google processed in May 2016. The Knowledge Graph has been criticized for providing answers without source attribution or citation.
 
  The information covered by the Knowledge Graph grew significantly after launch, tripling its size within seven months (covering 570 million '''entities''' and 18 billion '''facts''') and answering "roughly one-third" of the 100 billion monthly searches Google processed in May 2016. The Knowledge Graph has been criticized for providing answers without source attribution or citation.
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谷歌知识图谱涵盖的内容在其推行后迅速增长,在7个月内增长了三倍(涵盖了5.7亿个<font color=#32cd32>信息点</font>和180亿条<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>),并解决了谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中的“大约三分之一”的问题。到2020年5月,这个数字已经增长到5000亿,涉及50亿个信息点(p.s.该句是从最新wikipedia词条上补充的)。因为知识图谱的回答没有来源或引用而引起了许多争议。
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谷歌知识图谱涵盖的内容在其推行后迅速增长,7个月内增长了三倍(涵盖了5.7亿个<font color="#32cd32">实体</font>和180亿条<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>),并解决了谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“大约三分之一”的问题。到2020年5月,这个数字已经增长到5000亿,涉及50亿个信息点(p.s.该句是从最新wikipedia词条上补充的)。因为知识图谱的内容没有来源或引用而引起了许多争议。
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Information from the Knowledge Graph is presented as a box, which Google has referred to as the "knowledge panel", to the right (top on mobile) of search results. According to Google, this information is retrieved from many sources, including the CIA World Factbook, Wikidata, and Wikipedia. In October 2016, Google announced that the Knowledge Graph held over 70 billion facts. There is no official documentation on the technology used for the Knowledge Graph implementation.
 
Information from the Knowledge Graph is presented as a box, which Google has referred to as the "knowledge panel", to the right (top on mobile) of search results. According to Google, this information is retrieved from many sources, including the CIA World Factbook, Wikidata, and Wikipedia. In October 2016, Google announced that the Knowledge Graph held over 70 billion facts. There is no official documentation on the technology used for the Knowledge Graph implementation.
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谷歌把这些出现在搜索结果右侧(移动端出现在顶部)的信息框称为“知识图谱卡”。根据谷歌的说法,知识图谱的信息来源很多,包括中情局世界概况、维基数据和维基百科。它被用于回答谷歌助手[9][10] 和谷歌家庭中的语音询问。2016年10月,谷歌称,知识图谱已经覆盖了700亿个<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font> 。目前还没有官方文件说明谷歌知识图谱是如何实现的。
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谷歌把这些出现在搜索结果右侧(移动端出现在顶部)的信息框称为“知识图谱卡”。根据谷歌的说法,知识图谱的信息来源很多,包括中情局世界概况、维基数据和维基百科。它被用于回答谷歌助手和谷歌家庭中的语音询问。2016年10月,谷歌称,知识图谱已经覆盖了700亿个<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font> 。目前还没有官方文件说明谷歌知识图谱是如何实现的。
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Google announced Knowledge Graph on May 16, 2012, as a way to significantly enhance the value of information returned by Google searches. Initially only available in English, the Knowledge Graph was expanded in December 2012 to Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, and Italian. Support for Bengali was added in March, 2017.
 
Google announced Knowledge Graph on May 16, 2012, as a way to significantly enhance the value of information returned by Google searches. Initially only available in English, the Knowledge Graph was expanded in December 2012 to Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese, Russian, and Italian. Support for Bengali was added in March, 2017.
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谷歌在2012年5月16日正式发布了谷歌知识图谱,作为一种显著提高谷歌搜索引擎的信息质量的方式。起初只支持英语,2012年12月增加了西班牙语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、日语、俄罗斯语及意大利语等七种语言。2017年3月增加了孟加拉语。
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谷歌在2012年5月16日正式发布了谷歌知识图谱,以助于显著提高谷歌搜索引擎的信息质量。起初只支持英语,2012年12月增加了西班牙语、法语、德语、葡萄牙语、日语、俄罗斯语及意大利语等七种语言。2017年3月增加了孟加拉语。
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2014年8月,《新科学家》杂志报道说,谷歌已经启动了知识库。发表后,谷歌联系了 Search Engine Land,解释说知识库是一篇研究论文,不是谷歌的活跃服务,在其报告中,Search Engine Land 引用了该公司的一些迹象,即正在试验“多种模型” ,以检验从文本中自动收集意义的可能性。知识库旨在处理事实,自动收集并整合来自互联网的信息,形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。据报告,它在知识图谱方面的主要能力是自动收集信息,而不是依靠人为汇编的众包事实; 截至2014年报告时,它已收集了16亿多事实,其中2.71亿被视为”确信事实” ,这个术语指的是被认为超过90% 正确的信息。
 
2014年8月,《新科学家》杂志报道说,谷歌已经启动了知识库。发表后,谷歌联系了 Search Engine Land,解释说知识库是一篇研究论文,不是谷歌的活跃服务,在其报告中,Search Engine Land 引用了该公司的一些迹象,即正在试验“多种模型” ,以检验从文本中自动收集意义的可能性。知识库旨在处理事实,自动收集并整合来自互联网的信息,形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。据报告,它在知识图谱方面的主要能力是自动收集信息,而不是依靠人为汇编的众包事实; 截至2014年报告时,它已收集了16亿多事实,其中2.71亿被视为”确信事实” ,这个术语指的是被认为超过90% 正确的信息。
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2014年8月,<font color=#32cd32>《新科学家》</font>杂志报道,谷歌启动了一个知识库项目。文章发表后,谷歌联系到“搜索引擎天地”,解释说知识库是一篇研究性论文,而不是谷歌的主动服务。在其报道中,“搜索引擎天地”提到,谷歌指出:他们在用“很多模型”探索从文本中自动收集语义的可能性。谷歌知识库旨在处理'''信息关系''',从互联网上自动收集和整合信息,形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。2014年的一份报告指出,知识图谱聚合了超过16亿'''信息关系''',其中2.71亿被认为是“可信的事实”,被认为可信度超过90%。
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2014年8月,<font color=#32cd32>《新科学家》</font>杂志报道,谷歌启动了一个知识库项目。文章发表后,谷歌联系到“搜索引擎天地”,解释说知识库是一篇研究性论文,而不是谷歌的主动服务。在其报道中,“搜索引擎天地”提到,谷歌指出:他们在用“很多模型”探索从文本中自动收集语义的可能性。谷歌知识库旨在处理<font color="#32cd32">信息关系</font>,从互联网上自动收集和整合信息,形成一个能够直接回答诸如“麦当娜出生在哪里”等问题的知识库。2014年的一份报告指出,知识图谱聚合了超过16亿<font color=#32cd32>信息关系</font>,其中2.71亿被认为是“可信的事实”,被认为可信度超过90%。
    
== 争议 ==
 
== 争议 ==
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By May 2016, knowledge boxes were appearing for "roughly one-third" of the estimated 100 billion monthly searches the company processed. Dario Taraborelli, head of research at the Wikimedia Foundation, told The Washington Post that Google's omission of sources in its knowledge boxes "undermines people’s ability to verify information and, ultimately, to develop well-informed opinions". The publication also reported that the boxes are "frequently unattributed", such as a knowledge box on the age of actress Betty White, which is "as unsourced and absolute as if handed down by God".
 
By May 2016, knowledge boxes were appearing for "roughly one-third" of the estimated 100 billion monthly searches the company processed. Dario Taraborelli, head of research at the Wikimedia Foundation, told The Washington Post that Google's omission of sources in its knowledge boxes "undermines people’s ability to verify information and, ultimately, to develop well-informed opinions". The publication also reported that the boxes are "frequently unattributed", such as a knowledge box on the age of actress Betty White, which is "as unsourced and absolute as if handed down by God".
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到2016年5月,在该公司每月处理的约1000亿次搜索中,“大约三分之一”的知识盒出现了。维基媒体基金会的研究主管 Dario Taraborelli 告诉《华盛顿邮报》 ,谷歌在其知识库中遗漏信息来源,“损害了人们核实信息的能力,并最终形成消息灵通的观点”。该出版物还报道称,这些盒子“经常不具名” ,比如一个关于女演员贝蒂 · 怀特年龄的知识盒,“来源不明,绝对无误,就像上帝传下来的一样”。
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截止2016年5月,谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“约三分之一”都会出现出现知识图谱卡。维基媒体基金会的研究主管达里奥·塔拉博雷利告诉《华盛顿邮报》,谷歌知识图谱卡中信息来源的缺失损害了人们判断信息真假的能力,甚至损害到构建完整观点的能力。该报道还称,这些卡片“经常来源不明”,比如女演员贝蒂 · 怀特年龄的知识图谱卡就被评价为“来源不明但是语气肯定,仿佛是上帝写下的”。[18]
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截止2016年5月,谷歌每月处理的1000亿次搜索中“约三分之一”都会出现出现知识图谱卡。维基媒体基金会的研究主管达里奥·塔拉博雷利告诉《华盛顿邮报》,谷歌知识图谱卡中信息来源的缺失损害了人们判断信息真假的能力,甚至损害到构建完整观点的能力。该报道还称,这些卡片“经常来源不明”,比如女演员贝蒂 · 怀特年龄的知识图谱卡就被评价为“来源不明但是语气肯定,仿佛是上帝写下的”。
    
=== 维基百科阅读量减少 ===
 
=== 维基百科阅读量减少 ===
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* [[Linked data]]
 
* [[Linked data]]
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* [[Ontology (information science)]] – 也被叫做哦知识图谱
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* [[Ontology (information science)]] – 也被叫做知识图谱
    
* [[Semantic integration]]
 
* [[Semantic integration]]
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