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→与神经系统疾病的关系 Relationship with neural disorders
An impairment of working memory functioning is normally seen in several neural disorders:
An impairment of working memory functioning is normally seen in several neural disorders:
工作记忆功能障碍通常见于以下神经系统疾病:
ADHD: Several authors have proposed that symptoms of ADHD arise from a primary deficit in a specific executive function (EF) domain such as working memory, response inhibition or a more general weakness in executive control. A meta-analytical review cites several studies that found significant lower group results for ADHD in spatial and verbal working memory tasks, and in several other EF tasks. However, the authors concluded that EF weaknesses neither are necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD.
ADHD: Several authors have proposed that symptoms of ADHD arise from a primary deficit in a specific executive function (EF) domain such as working memory, response inhibition or a more general weakness in executive control. A meta-analytical review cites several studies that found significant lower group results for ADHD in spatial and verbal working memory tasks, and in several other EF tasks. However, the authors concluded that EF weaknesses neither are necessary nor sufficient to cause all cases of ADHD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD) : 一些作者提出，ADHD 的症状源于一个特定的执行功能(EF)领域的原发性缺陷，如工作记忆、反应抑制或执行控制的更普遍的缺陷。一项元分析综述引用了几项研究，这些研究发现，在空间和语言工作记忆任务以及其他几项 EF 任务中，较低的群体成绩对 ADHD 有显著影响。然而，作者得出结论，EF 的弱点既不是必要的，也不足以引起所有的 ADHD 病例。
注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD) : 一些研究者提出ADHD 的症状源于一个特定执行功能（EF）领域的原发性缺陷，如工作记忆、反应抑制或执行控制方面更普遍的缺陷。一项综合分析综述引用了几项研究，这些研究发现在空间和语言工作记忆任务及其他几项EF任务中，ADHD有较低的群体成绩。然而，研究者的结论是EF缺陷既非必要也不足以引起所有的ADHD病例。
Several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate may be both involved in ADHD and working memory. Both are associated with the frontal brain, self-direction and self-regulation, but cause–effect have not been confirmed, so it is unclear whether working memory dysfunction leads to ADHD, or ADHD distractibility leads to poor functionality of working memory, or if there is some other connection.
Several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate may be both involved in ADHD and working memory. Both are associated with the frontal brain, self-direction and self-regulation, but cause–effect have not been confirmed, so it is unclear whether working memory dysfunction leads to ADHD, or ADHD distractibility leads to poor functionality of working memory, or if there is some other connection.
多种神经递质，如多巴胺和谷氨酸盐，可能都与 ADHD 和工作记忆有关。两者都与额叶大脑、自我定向和自我调节有关，但是因果关系尚未得到证实，所以目前还不清楚是工作记忆功能障碍导致 ADHD，还是注意力分散导致 ADHD 工作记忆功能低下，或者是否存在其他联系。
多巴胺和谷氨酸盐等多种神经递质可能都与ADHD和工作记忆有关。两者都与额叶大脑、自我定向和自我调节有关，但其因果关系尚未得到证实，所以目前尚不清楚是工作记忆功能障碍导致 ADHD，还是注意力分散导致ADHD工作记忆功能低下，或者是否存在其他联系。
多种神经递质，如多巴胺和谷氨酸盐，可能都与 ADHD 和工作记忆有关。两者都与额叶大脑、自我定向和自我调节有关，但是因果关系尚未得到证实，所以目前还不清楚是工作记忆功能障碍导致 ADHD，还是ADHD注意力分散导致工作记忆功能低下，或者是否存在其他联系。
Parkinson's disease: Patients with Parkinson's show signs of a reduced verbal function of working memory. They wanted to find if the reduction is due to a lack of ability to focus on relevant tasks, or a low amount of memory capacity. Twenty-one patients with Parkinson's were tested in comparison to the control group of 28 participants of the same age. The researchers found that both hypotheses were the reason working memory function is reduced which did not fully agree with their hypothesis that it is either one or the other.
Parkinson's disease: Patients with Parkinson's show signs of a reduced verbal function of working memory. They wanted to find if the reduction is due to a lack of ability to focus on relevant tasks, or a low amount of memory capacity. Twenty-one patients with Parkinson's were tested in comparison to the control group of 28 participants of the same age. The researchers found that both hypotheses were the reason working memory function is reduced which did not fully agree with their hypothesis that it is either one or the other.
帕金森病: 帕金森病患者表现出工作记忆语言功能减退的迹象。他们想知道这种减少是因为缺乏专注于相关任务的能力，还是因为内存容量太小。研究人员对21名帕金森病患者与28名同龄对照组进行了测试。研究人员发现，这两个假设都是工作记忆功能减退的原因，这并不完全符合他们的假设，即工作记忆功能不是一个就是另一个。
帕金森病: 帕金森病患者表现出工作记忆语言功能的减退。研究者想知道这种减少是因为缺乏专注于相关任务的能力，还是因为记忆容量太小。他们对21名帕金森病患者与28名同龄对照组进行了测试。研究人员发现二者都是工作记忆功能减退的原因，而非他们先前假设的原因在二者之一。
Alzheimer's disease: As Alzheimer's disease becomes more serious, less working memory functions. There is one study that focuses on the neural connections and fluidity of working memory in mice brains. Half of the mice were given an injection that is similar to Alzheimer's effects, and the other half were not. Then they were expected to go through a maze that is a task to test working memory. The study help answer questions about how Alzheimer's can deteriorate the working memory and ultimately obliterate memory functions.
Alzheimer's disease: As Alzheimer's disease becomes more serious, less working memory functions. There is one study that focuses on the neural connections and fluidity of working memory in mice brains. Half of the mice were given an injection that is similar to Alzheimer's effects, and the other half were not. Then they were expected to go through a maze that is a task to test working memory. The study help answer questions about how Alzheimer's can deteriorate the working memory and ultimately obliterate memory functions.
阿尔茨海默病: 随着阿尔茨海默病变得越来越严重，工作记忆功能越来越差。有一项研究专注于老鼠大脑中的神经连接和工作记忆的流动性。一半的老鼠注射了类似于阿尔茨海默氏症的药物，另一半则没有。然后他们被要求穿过一个迷宫，这是一个测试工作记忆的任务。这项研究有助于回答老年痴呆症是如何损害工作记忆并最终消除记忆功能的问题。
阿尔茨海默病: 工作记忆功能随着阿尔茨海默病病情加重而降低。在一项针对老鼠大脑中的神经连接和工作记忆的流动性的研究中，一半的老鼠注射了类似于阿尔茨海默氏症的药物，另一半则没有。然后让它们穿越一个迷宫，即一个工作记忆测试任务。这项研究有助于回答老年痴呆症是如何损害工作记忆并最终消除记忆功能的。
Huntington's disease: A group of researchers hosted a study that researched the function and connectivity of working memory over a 30-month longitudinal experiment. It found that there were certain places in the brain where most connectivity was decreased in pre-Huntington diseased patients, in comparison to the control group that remained consistently functional.
Huntington's disease: A group of researchers hosted a study that researched the function and connectivity of working memory over a 30-month longitudinal experiment. It found that there were certain places in the brain where most connectivity was decreased in pre-Huntington diseased patients, in comparison to the control group that remained consistently functional.
亨廷顿氏病: 一组研究人员进行了一项为期30个月的纵向实验，研究工作记忆的功能和连接性。研究发现，亨廷顿舞蹈症患者大脑中某些部位的连接性降低，而对照组的连接性保持一致。
亨廷顿氏病: 一组研究人员进行了一项研究工作记忆的功能和连接性的为期30个月的纵向实验。研究发现亨廷顿症患者大脑中特定部位的连接性降低，而对照组功能持续正常。
== 参见 See also ==
== 参见 See also ==