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第279行： − + − 然而，大多数主流的人工智能研究人员怀疑进展是否会如此之快。明确寻求通用人工智能的组织包括瑞士人工智能实验室IDSIA，Nnaisense，Vicarious，！ -- 此外，机器智能研究所和 OpenAI 等机构也建立起来以影响通用人工智能的发展道路。最后，像人脑计划这样的项目的目标是建立一个人脑的功能模拟。2017年针对通用人工智能的一项调查(通过已发表的研究)对45个已知的明确的或暗中研究通用人工智能的“活跃研发项目”进行了分类 ，其中最大的三个是 DeepMind、人类大脑项目和 OpenAI。+ 第512行：
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However, most mainstream AI researchers doubt that progress will be this rapid.{{citation_needed|date=January 2017}} Organizations explicitly pursuing AGI include the Swiss AI lab [[IDSIA]],{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} Nnaisense,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Markoff|first1=John|title=When A.I. Matures, It May Call Jürgen Schmidhuber 'Dad'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/27/technology/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-jurgen-schmidhuber-overlooked.html|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234555/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/27/technology/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-jurgen-schmidhuber-overlooked.html|archive-date=26 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vicarious (company)|Vicarious]],<!--<ref name=baum/>--> [[Maluuba]],<ref name=baum/> the [[OpenCog|OpenCog Foundation]], Adaptive AI, [[LIDA (cognitive architecture)|LIDA]], and [[Numenta]] and the associated [[Redwood Neuroscience Institute]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=James Barrat|title=Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era|date=2013|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=9780312622374|edition=First|chapter=Chapter 11: A Hard Takeoff|title-link=Our Final Invention|author1-link=James Barrat}}</ref> In addition, organizations such as the [[Machine Intelligence Research Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Machine Intelligence Research Institute|url=https://intelligence.org/about/|website=Machine Intelligence Research Institute|accessdate=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121025925/https://intelligence.org/about/|archive-date=21 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[OpenAI]]<ref>{{cite news|title=About OpenAI|url=https://openai.com/about/|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=[[OpenAI]]|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222181056/https://openai.com/about/|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> have been founded to influence the development path of AGI. Finally, projects such as the [[Human Brain Project]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Theil|first1=Stefan|title=Trouble in Mind|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-human-brain-project-went-wrong-and-how-to-fix-it/|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=Scientific American|pages=36–42|language=en|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1015-36|bibcode=2015SciAm.313d..36T|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109234151/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-human-brain-project-went-wrong-and-how-to-fix-it/|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> have the goal of building a functioning simulation of the human brain. A 2017 survey of AGI categorized forty-five known "active R&D projects" that explicitly or implicitly (through published research) research AGI, with the largest three being [[DeepMind]], the Human Brain Project, and [[OpenAI]].<ref name=baum>{{cite journal|title=Baum, Seth, A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy (November 12, 2017). Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Working Paper 17-1|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3070741|date=12 November 2017|last1=Baum|first1=Seth}}</ref>
However, most mainstream AI researchers doubt that progress will be this rapid.{{citation_needed|date=January 2017}} Organizations explicitly pursuing AGI include the Swiss AI lab [[IDSIA]],{{citation needed|date=December 2017}} Nnaisense,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Markoff|first1=John|title=When A.I. Matures, It May Call Jürgen Schmidhuber 'Dad'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/27/technology/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-jurgen-schmidhuber-overlooked.html|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226234555/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/27/technology/artificial-intelligence-pioneer-jurgen-schmidhuber-overlooked.html|archive-date=26 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Vicarious (company)|Vicarious]],<!--<ref name=baum/>--> [[Maluuba]],<ref name=baum/> the [[OpenCog|OpenCog Foundation]], Adaptive AI, [[LIDA (cognitive architecture)|LIDA]], and [[Numenta]] and the associated [[Redwood Neuroscience Institute]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=James Barrat|title=Our Final Invention: Artificial Intelligence and the End of the Human Era|date=2013|publisher=St. Martin's Press|location=New York|isbn=9780312622374|edition=First|chapter=Chapter 11: A Hard Takeoff|title-link=Our Final Invention|author1-link=James Barrat}}</ref> In addition, organizations such as the [[Machine Intelligence Research Institute]]<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Machine Intelligence Research Institute|url=https://intelligence.org/about/|website=Machine Intelligence Research Institute|accessdate=26 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121025925/https://intelligence.org/about/|archive-date=21 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[OpenAI]]<ref>{{cite news|title=About OpenAI|url=https://openai.com/about/|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=[[OpenAI]]|language=en-us|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222181056/https://openai.com/about/|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> have been founded to influence the development path of AGI. Finally, projects such as the [[Human Brain Project]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Theil|first1=Stefan|title=Trouble in Mind|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-human-brain-project-went-wrong-and-how-to-fix-it/|accessdate=26 December 2017|work=Scientific American|pages=36–42|language=en|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1015-36|bibcode=2015SciAm.313d..36T|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109234151/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-the-human-brain-project-went-wrong-and-how-to-fix-it/|archive-date=9 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> have the goal of building a functioning simulation of the human brain. A 2017 survey of AGI categorized forty-five known "active R&D projects" that explicitly or implicitly (through published research) research AGI, with the largest three being [[DeepMind]], the Human Brain Project, and [[OpenAI]].<ref name=baum>{{cite journal|title=Baum, Seth, A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy (November 12, 2017). Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Working Paper 17-1|url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3070741|date=12 November 2017|last1=Baum|first1=Seth}}</ref>
However, most mainstream AI researchers doubt that progress will be this rapid. Organizations explicitly pursuing AGI include the Swiss AI lab IDSIA, Nnaisense, Vicarious,<!-- In addition, organizations such as the Machine Intelligence Research Institute and OpenAI have been founded to influence the development path of AGI. Finally, projects such as the Human Brain Project have the goal of building a functioning simulation of the human brain. A 2017 survey of AGI categorized forty-five known "active R&D projects" that explicitly or implicitly (through published research) research AGI, with the largest three being DeepMind, the Human Brain Project, and OpenAI.
However, most mainstream AI researchers doubt that progress will be this rapid. Organizations explicitly pursuing AGI include the Swiss AI lab IDSIA, Nnaisense, Vicarious. In addition, organizations such as the Machine Intelligence Research Institute and OpenAI have been founded to influence the development path of AGI. Finally, projects such as the Human Brain Project have the goal of building a functioning simulation of the human brain. A 2017 survey of AGI categorized forty-five known "active R&D projects" that explicitly or implicitly (through published research) research AGI, with the largest three being DeepMind, the Human Brain Project, and OpenAI.
然而，大多数主流的人工智能研究人员怀疑进展是否会如此之快。明确寻求通用人工智能的组织包括瑞士人工智能实验室IDSIA，Nnaisense，Vicarious。此外，机器智能研究所和 OpenAI 等机构也建立起来以影响通用人工智能的发展道路。最后，像人脑计划这样的项目的目标是建立一个人脑的功能模拟。2017年针对通用人工智能的一项调查(通过已发表的研究)对45个已知的明确的或暗中研究通用人工智能的“活跃研发项目”进行了分类 ，其中最大的三个是 DeepMind、人类大脑项目和 OpenAI。
然而，比尔·乔伊(Bill Joy)等人认为，具有这些特征的机器可能会威胁到人类的生命或尊严。这些特征对于强人工智能来说是否是必要的还有待证明。意识的作用并不清楚，目前也没有针对其存在而进行的一致的测试。如果一台机器装有一个模拟与意识相关的神经的装置，它会自动具有自我意识吗？也有可能这些特性中的一些，比如感知能力，自然而然地从一个完全智能的机器中产生，或者一旦机器开始以一种明显智能的方式行动，人们就会自然而然地认为这些特性是机器自主产生的。
然而，比尔·乔伊(Bill Joy)等人认为，具有这些特征的机器可能会威胁到人类的生命或尊严。这些特征对于强人工智能来说是否是必要的还有待证明。意识的作用并不清楚，目前也没有针对其存在而进行的一致的测试。如果一台机器装有一个模拟与意识相关的神经的装置，它会自动具有自我意识吗？也有可能这些特性中的一些，比如感知能力，自然而然地从一个完全智能的机器中产生，或者一旦机器开始以一种明显智能的方式行动，人们就会自然而然地认为这些特性是机器自主产生的。
--~~~“或者一旦机器开始以一种明显智能的方式行动，，人们就会自然而然地认为这些特性是机器自主产生的。”对应原句“or that it becomes natural to ascribe these properties to machines once they begin to act in a way that is clearly intelligent.”与原句在语序和措辞上略有不同，是译者考虑到中文的阅读习惯在不改变原意的条件下意译得出的。
--[[用户:粲兰|袁一博]]（[[用户讨论:粲兰|讨论]]）“或者一旦机器开始以一种明显智能的方式行动，，人们就会自然而然地认为这些特性是机器自主产生的。”对应原句“or that it becomes natural to ascribe these properties to machines once they begin to act in a way that is clearly intelligent.”与原句在语序和措辞上略有不同，是译者考虑到中文的阅读习惯在不改变原意的条件下意译得出的。
例如，智能行为可能足以判定机器产生了知觉，而非反过来。
例如，智能行为可能足以判定机器产生了知觉，而非反过来。