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==概述==

==概述==

非平衡态热力学是一项正在进行的工作，而不是一座已经建立的大厦。本文试图勾勒出一些方法和一些重要的概念。非平衡态热力学中一些特别重要的概念，包括能量耗散的时间速率<ref name="Rayleigh 1873">{{Cite journal | last1 = Strutt | first1 = J. W. | doi = 10.1112/plms/s1-4.1.357 | title = Some General Theorems relating to Vibrations | journal = Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | year = 1871 | volume = s1-4 | pages = 357–368 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447754 }}</ref><ref name="Onsager 1931 I">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 | last1 = Onsager | first1 = L. | year = 1931 | title = Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes, I | url = | journal = Physical Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 405–426 |bibcode = 1931PhRv...37..405O | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="Gyarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970).</ref><ref name="Lavenda 1978">Lavenda, B.H. (1978). ''Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes'', Macmillan, London.</ref>、熵产生速率<ref name="Onsager 1931 I"/>、热力学场<ref>Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970), pages 4-14.</ref><ref name="Ziegler 1983">Ziegler, H., (1983). ''An Introduction to Thermomechanics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam.</ref><ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New Yor, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref>、耗散结构<ref name="G&P 1971"/>和非线性动力结构<ref name="Lavenda 1978"/>。

非平衡态热力学是一项正在进行的工作，而不是一座已经建立的大厦。非平衡态热力学中一些特别重要的概念，包括'''能量耗散的时间速率 time rate of dissipation of energy''' <ref name="Rayleigh 1873">{{Cite journal | last1 = Strutt | first1 = J. W. | doi = 10.1112/plms/s1-4.1.357 | title = Some General Theorems relating to Vibrations | journal = Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | year = 1871 | volume = s1-4 | pages = 357–368 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1447754 }}</ref><ref name="Onsager 1931 I">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.37.405 | last1 = Onsager | first1 = L. | year = 1931 | title = Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes, I | url = | journal = Physical Review | volume = 37 | issue = 4| pages = 405–426 |bibcode = 1931PhRv...37..405O | doi-access = free }}</ref> <ref name="Gyarmati 1970">Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970).</ref><ref name="Lavenda 1978">Lavenda, B.H. (1978). ''Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes'', Macmillan, London.</ref>、'''熵产生速率 time rate of entropy production'''<ref name="Onsager 1931 I"/>、'''热力学场thermodynamic fields'''<ref>Gyarmati, I. (1967/1970), pages 4-14.</ref><ref name="Ziegler 1983">Ziegler, H., (1983). ''An Introduction to Thermomechanics'', North-Holland, Amsterdam.</ref><ref name="Balescu">Balescu, R. (1975). ''Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics'', Wiley-Interscience, New Yor, Section 3.2, pages 64-72.</ref>、'''耗散结构 dissipative structure''',[15] and non-linear dynamical structure<ref name="G&P 1971"/>和'''非线性动力结构 non-linear dynamical structure'''<ref name="Lavenda 1978"/>。