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第55行：
第55行： + + + + + + − 反抗是采纳一种观点，与一个人被迫接受的观点相反，这种观点可能是由于行为自由受到了威胁。这种现象也被称为反整合。虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，反应行为是社会压力的结果。值得注意的是，反顺从并不一定意味着独立。在许多研究中，反抗表现为对某种影响的刻意排斥，即使这种影响显然是正确的。+ 第70行：
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第92行： + + + + − 说服是指通过理性或象征性的手段引导自己或他人采取某种态度的过程。罗伯特 · 恰尔迪尼定义了六种“影响力武器” : 互惠、承诺、社会认同、权威、喜好和匮乏。这些“有影响力的武器”试图通过直接手段实现一致性。说服可以通过诉诸理性或诉诸情感来进行。+ 第97行：
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无编辑摘要
===Kelman's varieties===
===Kelman's varieties===
凯尔曼的分类
There are three processes of [[attitude change]] as defined by Harvard psychologist [[Herbert Kelman]] in a 1958 paper published in the ''Journal of Conflict Resolution''.<ref name="Kelman" /> The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief).
There are three processes of [[attitude change]] as defined by Harvard psychologist [[Herbert Kelman]] in a 1958 paper published in the ''Journal of Conflict Resolution''.<ref name="Kelman" /> The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief).
There are three processes of attitude change as defined by Harvard psychologist Herbert Kelman in a 1958 paper published in the ''Journal of Conflict Resolution''. The purpose of defining these processes was to help determine the effects of social influence: for example, to separate public conformity (behavior) from private acceptance (personal belief).
哈佛大学心理学家赫伯特·凯尔曼1958年发表在《冲突解决学报》上的论文中定义了态度转变的三个过程。定义这些过程的目的是帮助确定社会影响的作用：例如，将公众的服从（行为）与私人的接受（个人信仰）分开。
====Compliance====
====Compliance====
顺从
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called anticonformity. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean independence. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called anticonformity. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean independence. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.
反抗是一个人采纳一种与他被迫接受观点相反观点的行为，这种观点可能是由于此人的行为自由受到了威胁。这种现象也被称为反顺从。虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，但这种反应是社会压力导致的。值得注意的是，反顺从并不一定意味着独立。在许多研究中，反抗表现为对某种影响的刻意排斥，即使这种影响显然是正确的。
{{Main article|Compliance (psychology)}}
{{Main article|Compliance (psychology)}}
Compliance is the act of responding favorably to an explicit or implicit request offered by others. Technically, compliance is a change in [[behavior]] but not necessarily in [[Attitude (psychology)|attitude]]; one can comply due to mere [[Obedience (human behavior)|obedience]] or by otherwise opting to withhold private thoughts due to social pressures.<ref name="Aronson">Aronson, Elliot, Timothy D. Wilson, and Robin M. Akert. Social Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print.</ref> According to Kelman's 1958 paper, the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the social effect of the accepting influence (i.e., people comply for an expected reward or punishment-aversion).<ref name="Kelman" />
Compliance is the act of responding favorably to an explicit or implicit request offered by others. Technically, compliance is a change in [[behavior]] but not necessarily in [[Attitude (psychology)|attitude]]; one can comply due to mere [[Obedience (human behavior)|obedience]] or by otherwise opting to withhold private thoughts due to social pressures.<ref name="Aronson">Aronson, Elliot, Timothy D. Wilson, and Robin M. Akert. Social Psychology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2010. Print.</ref> According to Kelman's 1958 paper, the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the social effect of the accepting influence (i.e., people comply for an expected reward or punishment-aversion).<ref name="Kelman" />
Compliance is the act of responding favorably to an explicit or implicit request offered by others. Technically, compliance is a change in behavior but not necessarily in attitude; one can comply due to mere obedience or by otherwise opting to withhold private thoughts due to social pressures. According to Kelman's 1958 paper, the satisfaction derived from compliance is due to the social effect of the accepting influence (i.e., people comply for an expected reward or punishment-aversion).
顺从是对他人提出的明确或隐含请求做出积极响应的行为。严格来说，遵守是行为的改变，但不一定是态度的改变。 一个人可以仅仅因为服从就可以遵守，也可以由于社会压力而选择隐瞒私人想法。 根据凯尔曼1958年发表的论文，从服从中获得的满足感是由于接受影响力的社会影响（即人们遵守了预期的奖励或规避惩罚的行为）。
====Identification====
====Identification====
认同
Obedience is a form of social influence that derives from an authority figure. The Milgram experiment, Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, and the Hofling hospital experiment are three particularly well-known experiments on obedience, and they all conclude that humans are surprisingly obedient in the presence of perceived legitimate authority figures.
Obedience is a form of social influence that derives from an authority figure. The Milgram experiment, Zimbardo's Stanford prison experiment, and the Hofling hospital experiment are three particularly well-known experiments on obedience, and they all conclude that humans are surprisingly obedient in the presence of perceived legitimate authority figures.
Identification is the changing of attitudes or behaviors due to the influence of someone who is admired. [[Advertisements]] that rely upon [[celebrities|celebrity]] endorsements to market their products are taking advantage of this phenomenon. According to Kelman, the desired relationship that the identifier relates to the behavior or attitude change.<ref name="Kelman" />
Identification is the changing of attitudes or behaviors due to the influence of someone who is admired. [[Advertisements]] that rely upon [[celebrities|celebrity]] endorsements to market their products are taking advantage of this phenomenon. According to Kelman, the desired relationship that the identifier relates to the behavior or attitude change.<ref name="Kelman" />
Identification is the changing of attitudes or behaviors due to the influence of someone who is admired. Advertisements that rely upon celebrity endorsements to market their products are taking advantage of this phenomenon. According to Kelman, the desired relationship that the identifier relates to the behavior or attitude change.
认同是态度或行的改变，由于受人敬佩者的影响导致。依靠名人代言来推销其产品的广告正在利用这种现象。根据凯尔曼的观点，认同者的期待关系与行为或态度变化相关。
====Internalization====
====Internalization====
内化
Persuasion is the process of guiding oneself or another toward the adoption of an attitude by rational or symbolic means. Robert Cialdini defined six "weapons of influence": reciprocity, commitment, social proof, authority, liking, and scarcity. These "weapons of influence" attempt to bring about conformity by directed means. Persuasion can occur through appeals to reason or appeals to emotion.
Persuasion is the process of guiding oneself or another toward the adoption of an attitude by rational or symbolic means. Robert Cialdini defined six "weapons of influence": reciprocity, commitment, social proof, authority, liking, and scarcity. These "weapons of influence" attempt to bring about conformity by directed means. Persuasion can occur through appeals to reason or appeals to emotion.
说服是指通过理性或象征性的手段引导自己或他人采取某种态度的过程。罗伯特·恰尔迪尼定义了六种“影响力武器” : 互惠、承诺、社会认同、权威、喜好和匮乏。这些“有影响力的武器”试图通过直接手段实现一致性。说服可以通过诉诸理性或诉诸情感来进行。
{{Main article|Internalization}}
{{Main article|Internalization}}
===Conformity===
===Conformity===
从众行为
Psychological manipulation is a type of social influence that aims to change the behavior or perception of others through abusive, deceptive, or underhanded tactics. By advancing the interests of the manipulator, often at another's expense, such methods could be considered exploitative, abusive, devious, and deceptive.
Psychological manipulation is a type of social influence that aims to change the behavior or perception of others through abusive, deceptive, or underhanded tactics. By advancing the interests of the manipulator, often at another's expense, such methods could be considered exploitative, abusive, devious, and deceptive.