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第49行：
第49行： − − A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948. − − 自我实现预言预测是一种通过信念和行为之间的正反馈直接或间接实现的一种预测。一个宣布为真理的预言(实际上是假的)可以通过制造恐怖或混乱的逻辑对人们造成很大影响，以至于人们的反应最终实现了曾经的假预言。这个术语来自于社会学家罗伯特·金·莫顿（Robert K. Merton）1948年发表的一篇文章。 第67行：
第63行： − − Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called anticonformity. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean independence. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct. − − 反抗是一个人采纳一种与他被迫接受观点相反观点的行为，这种观点可能是由于此人的行为自由受到了威胁。这种现象也被称为反顺从。虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，但这种反应是社会压力导致的。值得注意的是，反顺从并不一定意味着独立。在许多研究中，反抗表现为对某种影响的刻意排斥，即使这种影响显然是正确的。 第213行：
第205行： − 抗拒是接受一种观点，这种观点与认为某人对行为自由构成威胁的压力迫使一个人接受。 这种现象也被称为“反一致性”。 虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，但反应性行为是社会压力的结果。 值得注意的是，反整合并不一定意味着“独立”。 在许多研究中，即使影响显然是正确的，电抗也表现为故意拒绝影响。+ + + 第221行：
第215行： − 社会影响力是最强大的，当团体犯下它是一致的和承诺。即使是一个不同意见的例子也可能大大削弱一个影响力。例如，在米尔格拉姆的第一组服从实验中，65% 的参与者遵从假的权威人物对同伙实施“最大电击”。在米尔格拉姆实验的反复实验中，3个人实施电击(其中2个是同盟者) ，一旦一个同盟者不服从，只有10% 的受试者实施最大电击。+
无编辑摘要
社会影响是一个宽泛的概念，与很多现象都有关。一下列出的几种是社会心理学领域研究的几种主要社会影响。如需获取更多相关信息，请点击文末提供的文章链接。
社会影响是一个宽泛的概念，与很多现象都有关。一下列出的几种是社会心理学领域研究的几种主要社会影响。如需获取更多相关信息，请点击文末提供的文章链接。
===Kelman's varieties===
===Kelman's varieties===
顺从
顺从
{{Main article|Compliance (psychology)}}
{{Main article|Compliance (psychology)}}
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called ''anticonformity''. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean ''independence''. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.
Reactance is the adoption of a view contrary to the view that a person is being pressured to accept, perhaps due to a perceived threat to behavioral freedoms. This phenomenon has also been called ''anticonformity''. While the results are the opposite of what the influencer intended, the reactive behavior is a result of social pressure. It is notable that anticonformity does not necessarily mean ''independence''. In many studies, reactance manifests itself in a deliberate rejection of an influence, even if the influence is clearly correct.
抗拒是一个人采纳一种与他被迫接受观点相反观点的行为，这种观点可能是由于此人的行为自由受到了威胁。这种现象也被称为“反顺从”。虽然结果与影响者的预期相反，但这种反应是社会压力导致的。值得注意的是，反顺从并不一定意味着独立。在许多研究中，抗拒表现为对某种影响的刻意排斥，即使这种影响显然是正确的。
===Obedience===
===Obedience===
服从
{{Main article|Obedience (human behavior)}}
{{Main article|Obedience (human behavior)}}
Social Influence is strongest when the group perpetrating it is consistent and committed. Even a single instance of dissent can greatly wane the strength of an influence. For example, in Milgram's first set of obedience experiments, 65% of participants complied with fake authority figures to administer "maximum shocks" to a confederate. In iterations of the Milgram experiment where three people administered shocks (two of whom were confederates), once one confederate disobeyed, only ten percent of subjects administered the maximum shocks.
Social Influence is strongest when the group perpetrating it is consistent and committed. Even a single instance of dissent can greatly wane the strength of an influence. For example, in Milgram's first set of obedience experiments, 65% of participants complied with fake authority figures to administer "maximum shocks" to a confederate. In iterations of the Milgram experiment where three people administered shocks (two of whom were confederates), once one confederate disobeyed, only ten percent of subjects administered the maximum shocks.
当行凶的群体都忠诚地保持一致时，社会影响力是最强大的，。即使是一个不同意见的例子也可能大大削弱影响力。例如，在米尔格拉姆的第一组服从实验中，65% 的参与者遵从假的权威人物对同伙实施“最大电击”。在米尔格拉姆实验的反复实验中，3个人实施电击(其中2个是同盟者) ，一旦一个同盟者不服从，只有10% 的受试者实施最大电击。
Obedience is a form of social influence that derives from an authority figure. The [[Milgram experiment]], Zimbardo's [[Stanford prison experiment]], and the [[Hofling hospital experiment]] are three particularly well-known experiments on obedience, and they all conclude that humans are surprisingly obedient in the presence of perceived legitimate authority figures.
Obedience is a form of social influence that derives from an authority figure. The [[Milgram experiment]], Zimbardo's [[Stanford prison experiment]], and the [[Hofling hospital experiment]] are three particularly well-known experiments on obedience, and they all conclude that humans are surprisingly obedient in the presence of perceived legitimate authority figures.