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In 1979, Qian was awarded Caltech's Distinguished Alumni Award for his achievements. Qian eventually received his award from Caltech, and with the help of his friend Frank Marble brought it to his home in a widely covered ceremony. Furthermore, in the early 1990s, the filing cabinets containing Qian's research work were offered to him by Caltech.

In 1979, Qian was awarded Caltech's Distinguished Alumni Award for his achievements. Qian eventually received his award from Caltech, and with the help of his friend Frank Marble brought it to his home in a widely covered ceremony. Furthermore, in the early 1990s, the filing cabinets containing Qian's research work were offered to him by Caltech.

Qian was invited to visit the US by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics after the normalization of the Sino-US relationship, but he refused the invitation, having wanted a formal apology for his detention. In a reminiscence published in 2002, Marble stated that he believed Qian had "lost faith in the American government" but that he had "always had very warm feelings for the American people."

Qian was invited to visit the US by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics after the normalization of the Sino-US relationship, but he refused the invitation, having wanted a formal apology for his detention. In a reminiscence published in 2002, Marble stated that he believed Qian had "lost faith in the American government" but that he had "always had very warm feelings for the American people."

在中美关系正常化之后，美国航天航空学会邀请钱访问美国，但他拒绝了邀请，并要求对拘留他一事进行正式道歉。在2002年发表的一份回忆录中，马柏表示，他认为钱“对美国政府失去了信心” ，但他“一直对美国人民怀有非常温暖的感情”

在中美关系正常化之后，美国航天航空学会邀请钱学森访问美国，但他拒绝了邀请，并要求对拘留他一事进行正式道歉。在2002年发表的一份回忆录中，马柏表示，他认为钱学森“对美国政府失去了信任” ，但他“一直对美国人民怀有非常温暖的感情”

He was heavily involved in the establishment of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1958 and served as the Chairman of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the university for a number of years.

He was heavily involved in the establishment of the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in 1958 and served as the Chairman of the Department of Modern Mechanics of the university for a number of years.

 

The Chinese government launched its manned space program in 1992, reportedly with some help from Russia due to their extended history in space. Qian's research was used as the basis for the Long March rocket, which successfully launched the Shenzhou V mission in October 2003. The elderly Qian was able to watch China's first manned space mission on television from his hospital bed.

The Chinese government launched its manned space program in 1992, reportedly with some help from Russia due to their extended history in space. Qian's research was used as the basis for the Long March rocket, which successfully launched the Shenzhou V mission in October 2003. The elderly Qian was able to watch China's first manned space mission on television from his hospital bed.

In 2008, he was named Aviation Week and Space Technology Person of the Year. The recognition was not intended as an honor, but is given to the person judged to have the greatest impact on aviation in the past year. Furthermore, that year China Central Television named Qian as one of the eleven most inspiring people in China.

In 2008, he was named Aviation Week and Space Technology Person of the Year. The recognition was not intended as an honor, but is given to the person judged to have the greatest impact on aviation in the past year. Furthermore, that year China Central Television named Qian as one of the eleven most inspiring people in China.

From the 1980s onward, Qian had advocated the scientific investigation of [[traditional Chinese medicine]], [[Qigong]], and the concept of "special human body functions". He particularly encouraged scientists to accumulate observational data on qigong so that future scientific theories could be established.<ref>{{cite book |author = Qian Xuesen |title = 《创建人体科学》 |location = Chengdu |publisher = Sichuan Education Publishing House |date = May 1989 |edition = 1st |display-authors = etal }}</ref>

From the 1980s onward, Qian had advocated the scientific investigation of [[traditional Chinese medicine]], [[Qigong]], and the concept of "special human body functions". He particularly encouraged scientists to accumulate observational data on qigong so that future scientific theories could be established.<ref>{{cite book |author = Qian Xuesen |title = 《创建人体科学》 |location = Chengdu |publisher = Sichuan Education Publishing House |date = May 1989 |edition = 1st |display-authors = etal }}</ref>

In July 2009, the Omega Alpha Association, an international systems engineering honor society, named Qian (H. S. Tsien) one of four Honorary Members.

In July 2009, the Omega Alpha Association, an international systems engineering honor society, named Qian (H. S. Tsien) one of four Honorary Members.

== Later life ==

== Later life 晚年生活==

On October 31, 2009, Qian died at the age of 98 in Beijing.

On October 31, 2009, Qian died at the age of 98 in Beijing.

[[File:钱学森图书馆.jpg|250px|thumb|Qian Xuesen Library, Xi'an Jiaotong University]]

[[File:钱学森图书馆.jpg|250px|thumb|Qian Xuesen Library, Xi'an Jiaotong University]]

A Chinese film production, Hsue-shen Tsien, directed by Zhang Jianya and starring Chen Kun as Qian was simultaneously released in Asia and North America on December 11, 2011, and on March 2, 2012, it was released in China.

A Chinese film production, Hsue-shen Tsien, directed by Zhang Jianya and starring Chen Kun as Qian was simultaneously released in Asia and North America on December 11, 2011, and on March 2, 2012, it was released in China.

Qian retired in 1991 and lived quietly in Beijing, refusing to speak to Westerners.<ref>Peter Grier, "The forgotten 'spy' case of a rocket scientist" ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' Vol. 92 Issue 244, November 2000</ref>

Qian retired in 1991 and lived quietly in Beijing, refusing to speak to Westerners.<ref>Peter Grier, "The forgotten 'spy' case of a rocket scientist" ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' Vol. 92 Issue 244, November 2000</ref>

 

In 1979, Qian was awarded Caltech's ''Distinguished Alumni Award'' for his achievements. Qian eventually received his award from Caltech, and with the help of his friend [[Frank Marble]] brought it to his home in a widely covered ceremony. Furthermore, in the early 1990s, the filing cabinets containing Qian's research work were offered to him by Caltech.

In 1979, Qian was awarded Caltech's ''Distinguished Alumni Award'' for his achievements. Qian eventually received his award from Caltech, and with the help of his friend [[Frank Marble]] brought it to his home in a widely covered ceremony. Furthermore, in the early 1990s, the filing cabinets containing Qian's research work were offered to him by Caltech.

 

Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, in his 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two, named a Chinese spaceship after him. The science fiction novel series The Expanse by James S. A. Corey also named a Martian spaceship after him (MCRN Xuesen). In the 1981 novel  Noble House by James Clavell, the American-Chinese scientist who defected to China and helped develop the first atom bomb for China, Dr. Joseph Yu, is a fictionalized version of Dr. Qian Xuesen.

Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, in his 1982 novel 2010: Odyssey Two, named a Chinese spaceship after him. The science fiction novel series The Expanse by James S. A. Corey also named a Martian spaceship after him (MCRN Xuesen). In the 1981 novel  Noble House by James Clavell, the American-Chinese scientist who defected to China and helped develop the first atom bomb for China, Dr. Joseph Yu, is a fictionalized version of Dr. Qian Xuesen.

科幻小说作家亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克在他1982年的小说《2010: 奥德赛2》中，用他的名字命名了一艘中国的宇宙飞船。詹姆斯 · s · a · 科里(James s. a. Corey)的科幻小说系列《浩瀚无垠》(The exposure)也以他的名字命名了一艘火星宇宙飞船(MCRN Xuesen)。1981年，美籍华裔科学家詹姆斯 · 克拉维尔(James Clavell)投奔中国，帮助中国研制出了第一颗原子弹。在他的小说《贵族之家》(Noble House)中，余(Joseph Yu)博士是钱学森博士的虚构版本。

科幻小说作家亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克在他1982年的小说《2010: 奥德赛2》中，用他的名字命名了一艘中国的宇宙飞船。詹姆斯·S·A·科里(James S.A. Corey)的科幻小说系列《浩瀚无垠》(The exposure)也以他的名字命名了一艘火星宇宙飞船(MCRN Xuesen)。1981年，美籍华裔科学家詹姆斯·克拉维尔(James Clavell)投奔中国，帮助中国研制出了第一颗原子弹。在他的小说《贵族之家》(Noble House)中，余(Joseph Yu)博士是钱学森博士的虚构版本。

== In popular culture ==

== In popular culture在流行文化 ==

[[Science fiction]] author [[Arthur C. Clarke]], in his 1982 novel ''[[2010: Odyssey Two]],'' named a Chinese spaceship after him. The science fiction novel series ''[[The Expanse (novel series)|The Expanse]]'' by [[James S. A. Corey]] also named a Martian spaceship after him (MCRN Xuesen). In the 1981 novel '' [[Noble House (book)|Noble House]]'' by [[James Clavell]], the American-Chinese scientist who defected to China and helped develop the first atom bomb for China, Dr. Joseph Yu, is a fictionalized version of Dr. Qian Xuesen.

[[Science fiction]] author [[Arthur C. Clarke]], in his 1982 novel ''[[2010: Odyssey Two]],'' named a Chinese spaceship after him. The science fiction novel series ''[[The Expanse (novel series)|The Expanse]]'' by [[James S. A. Corey]] also named a Martian spaceship after him (MCRN Xuesen). In the 1981 novel '' [[Noble House (book)|Noble House]]'' by [[James Clavell]], the American-Chinese scientist who defected to China and helped develop the first atom bomb for China, Dr. Joseph Yu, is a fictionalized version of Dr. Qian Xuesen.

== Scientific papers ==

== Scientific papers 科学论文==

* 1938: (with [[Theodore von Karman]]) "Boundary Layer in Compressible Fluids", ''Journal of Aeronautical Sciences'', April  

* 1938: (with [[Theodore von Karman]]) "Boundary Layer in Compressible Fluids", ''Journal of Aeronautical Sciences'', April  

== Monographs ==

== Monographs专著 ==

* 1954: {{cite book |url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3734950;view=1up;seq=7 |title = Engineering Cybernetics |date = 4 April 2020 |publisher = McGraw Hill |oclc = 299574775 |location = New York, NY }}

* 1954: {{cite book |url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3734950;view=1up;seq=7 |title = Engineering Cybernetics |date = 4 April 2020 |publisher = McGraw Hill |oclc = 299574775 |location = New York, NY }}

== See also ==

== See also参见 ==

{{Portal|China|Physics|Systems science|Engineering|Spaceflight|Aviation|World War II|Biography}}

{{Portal|China|Physics|Systems science|Engineering|Spaceflight|Aviation|World War II|Biography}}

* [[Aeronautics]]

* [[Aeronautics]]

 

* [[Engineering cybernetics]]

* [[Engineering cybernetics]]

 

* [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]

* [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]

 

* [[Theodore von Kármán]]

* [[Theodore von Kármán]]

 

* [[Chien-Shiung Wu]]

* [[Chien-Shiung Wu]]

 

* [[Ye Qisun]]

* [[Ye Qisun]]

 

* [[Guo Yonghuai]]

* [[Guo Yonghuai]]

 

Works cited

Works cited

* [[Hsue-Chu Tsien]]

* [[Hsue-Chu Tsien]]

 

* [[McCarthyism]]

* [[McCarthyism]]

 

* [[People's Liberation Army Rocket Force]]

* [[People's Liberation Army Rocket Force]]

 

** [[Dongfeng (missile)]]

** [[Dongfeng (missile)]]

 

* [[Chinese space program]]

* [[Chinese space program]]

 

** [[Long March (rocket family)]]

** [[Long March (rocket family)]]

 

* [[China and weapons of mass destruction|Chinese nuclear program]]

* [[China and weapons of mass destruction|Chinese nuclear program]]

 

** [[596 (nuclear test)|Project 596]]

** [[596 (nuclear test)|Project 596]]

 

** [[Test No. 6]]

** [[Test No. 6]]

 

* [[China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation]] (formerly known as the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of Defense)

* [[China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation]] (formerly known as the Fifth Academy of the Ministry of Defense)

 

== References参考 ==

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

== External links外部链接 ==

{{Wikiquote}}

{{Wikiquote}}