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A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948.
A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior. A prophecy declared as truth (when it is actually false) may sufficiently influence people, either through fear or logical confusion, so that their reactions ultimately fulfill the once-false prophecy. This term is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton from an article he published in 1948.
自我实现的预测是一种通过信念和行为之间的正反馈而得以直接或间接实现的预测。一个宣布为真理的预言(实际上是假的)可以通过制造恐怖或混乱的逻辑来对人们造成巨大影响，以至于人们的反应最终让曾经的假预言得以实现。这个术语来自于社会学家'''<font color="#ff8000">罗伯特·金·莫顿 Robert K. Merton </font>'''1948年发表的一篇文章<ref name=SFP-48>。
自我实现的预测是一种通过信念和行为之间的正反馈而得以直接或间接实现的预测。一个宣布为真理的预言(实际上是假的)可以通过制造恐怖或混乱的逻辑来对人们造成巨大影响，以至于人们的反应最终让曾经的假预言得以实现。这个术语来自于社会学家'''<font color="#ff8000">罗伯特·金·莫顿 Robert K. Merton </font>'''1948年发表的一篇文章<ref name=SFP-48>{{Citation
| last = Merton
| first = Robert K.
Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Hard power contrasts with soft power, which comes from diplomacy, culture and history.
Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. This form of political power is often aggressive (coercion), and is most effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Hard power contrasts with soft power, which comes from diplomacy, culture and history.