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The mechanism of ATP synthesis is complex and involves a closed membrane in which the ATP synthase is embedded. The ATP is synthesized by the F1 subunit of ATP synthase by the binding change mechanism discovered by Paul Boyer. The energy required to release formed strongly-bound ATP has its origin in protons that move across the membrane. These protons have been set across the membrane during respiration or photosynthesis.

The mechanism of ATP synthesis is complex and involves a closed membrane in which the ATP synthase is embedded. The ATP is synthesized by the F1 subunit of ATP synthase by the binding change mechanism discovered by Paul Boyer. The energy required to release formed strongly-bound ATP has its origin in protons that move across the membrane. These protons have been set across the membrane during respiration or photosynthesis.

ATP的合成机制很复杂，涉及到ATP合成酶所嵌入的封闭膜。ATP是由ATP合成酶的''F1亚基''通过 Paul Boyer 发现的结合变化机制合成的。释放强结合ATP所需的能量源自穿过膜的质子。这些质子在呼吸作用或光合作用过程中被设置在膜上。

ATP的合成机制很复杂，涉及到ATP合成酶所嵌入的闭合膜。ATP是由ATP合成酶的''F1亚基''通过 Paul Boyer 发现的结合变化机制合成的。释放强结合ATP所需的能量源自穿过膜的质子。这些质子在呼吸作用或光合作用过程中被穿过在膜上。

====RNA世界 RNA world====

====RNA世界 RNA world====