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Lovelock called it first the Earth feedback hypothesis,<ref name="Lovelock01">{{harvnb|Lovelock, James|2001}}</ref> and it was a way to explain the fact that combinations of chemicals including [[oxygen]] and [[methane]] persist in stable concentrations in the atmosphere of the Earth. Lovelock suggested detecting such combinations in other planets' atmospheres as a relatively reliable and cheap way to detect life.
Lovelock called it first the Earth feedback hypothesis,<ref name="Lovelock01">{{harvnb|Lovelock, James|2001}}</ref> and it was a way to explain the fact that combinations of chemicals including [[oxygen]] and [[methane]] persist in stable concentrations in the atmosphere of the Earth. Lovelock suggested detecting such combinations in other planets' atmospheres as a relatively reliable and cheap way to detect life.
[[File:Lynn Margulis.jpg|thumb|left|[[Lynn Margulis]]]]
2013年，托比·泰瑞尔 Toby Tyrrell在一本书中对盖亚假说总结道：“我认为盖亚假说是一条死胡同。然而，它的研究产生了许多新的和发人深省的问题。在拒绝盖亚假说的同时，我们也能欣赏到的独创性和广博的视野，认识到他大胆的概念有助于激发许多关于地球的新思想，并倡导一种研究地球的整体方法。”<ref>{{citation |last=Tyrrell |first=Toby |authorlink= |date= 2013|title= On Gaia: A Critical洛夫洛克 Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9959.html |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=209 |isbn=9780691121581 |accessdate= }}</ref>在其他地方，他提出了自己的结论：“盖亚假说并不能精确地描述我们世界的运转机制。”<ref>{{Citation |last= Tyrrell |first = Toby |title =Gaia: the verdict is… |journal = New Scientist |volume = 220 |issue = 2940 |pages = 30–31 |date= 26 October 2013 |doi=10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62532-4}}</ref> 这种说法需要被理解为是指盖亚假说的“强大”和“温和”形式，生物群遵循的原则是使地球处于最佳状态（强度5）或有利于生命（强度4），或者它作为一种内稳态机制（强度3）。后者是Lovelock所提倡的盖亚假说的“最弱”形式。泰瑞尔拒绝了。然而，他发现盖亚假说的两种较弱的形式：共同进化德盖亚假说和有影响力的盖亚假说，它们断言生命的进化和环境之间有密切的联系，生物学影响物理和化学环境，这两种说法都是可信的，但在这个意义上使用“盖亚假说”一词是没有用的，两种形式已经被自然选择和适应过程所接受和解释。<ref>{{citation |last=Tyrrell |first=Toby |authorlink= |date= 2013|title= On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9959.html |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=208 |isbn=9780691121581 |accessdate= }}</ref>
2013年，托比·泰瑞尔 Toby Tyrrell在一本书中对盖亚假说总结道：“我认为盖亚假说是一条死胡同。然而，它的研究产生了许多新的和发人深省的问题。在拒绝盖亚假说的同时，我们也能欣赏到的独创性和广博的视野，认识到他大胆的概念有助于激发许多关于地球的新思想，并倡导一种研究地球的整体方法。”<ref>{{citation |last=Tyrrell |first=Toby |authorlink= |date= 2013|title= On Gaia: A Critical洛夫洛克 Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9959.html |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=209 |isbn=9780691121581 |accessdate= }}</ref>在其他地方，他提出了自己的结论：“盖亚假说并不能精确地描述我们世界的运转机制。”<ref>{{Citation |last= Tyrrell |first = Toby |title =Gaia: the verdict is… |journal = New Scientist |volume = 220 |issue = 2940 |pages = 30–31 |date= 26 October 2013 |doi=10.1016/s0262-4079(13)62532-4}}</ref> 这种说法需要被理解为是指盖亚假说的“强大”和“温和”形式，生物群遵循的原则是使地球处于最佳状态（强度5）或有利于生命（强度4），或者它作为一种内稳态机制（强度3）。后者是Lovelock所提倡的盖亚假说的“最弱”形式。泰瑞尔拒绝了。然而，他发现盖亚假说的两种较弱的形式：共同进化德盖亚假说和有影响力的盖亚假说，它们断言生命的进化和环境之间有密切的联系，生物学影响物理和化学环境，这两种说法都是可信的，但在这个意义上使用“盖亚假说”一词是没有用的，两种形式已经被自然选择和适应过程所接受和解释。<ref>{{citation |last=Tyrrell |first=Toby |authorlink= |date= 2013|title= On Gaia: A Critical Investigation of the Relationship between Life and Earth |url=http://press.princeton.edu/titles/9959.html |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=208 |isbn=9780691121581 |accessdate= }}</ref>
==参考文献==
<references/>
*{{cite book |author=Bondì, Roberto |title=Blu come un'arancia. Gaia tra mito e scienza |publisher=Prefazione di Enrico Bellone |location=Torino, Utet |date=2006 |isbn=978-88-02-07259-3 }}
*{{cite book |author=Bondì, Roberto |title=Solo l'atomo ci può salvare. L'ambientalismo nuclearista di James Lovelock |publisher=Prefazione di Enrico Bellone |location=Torino, Utet |date=2007 |isbn=978-88-02-07704-8}}
*{{cite book |author=Jaworski, Helan |title=Le Géon ou la Terre vivante |publisher=Librairie Gallimard |location=Paris |date=1928 }}
*Lovelock, James. ''The Independent''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060408121826/http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article338830.ece The Earth is about to catch a morbid fever], 16 January 2006.
*{{cite journal |author=Kleidon, Axel |title=Beyond Gaia: Thermodynamics of Life and Earth system functioning |journal=Climatic Change |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=271–319 |date=2004 |doi=10.1023/B:CLIM.0000044616.34867.ec |s2cid=55295082 }}
*{{cite book |author=Lovelock, James |date=1995 |title=The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth |isbn=978-0-393-31239-3 |publisher=Norton |location=New York}}
*{{cite book |author=Lovelock, James |date=2000 |title=Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth |isbn=978-0-19-286218-1 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford }}
*{{cite book |author=Lovelock, James |date=2001 |title=Homage to Gaia: The Life of an Independent Scientist |isbn=978-0-19-860429-7 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/homagetogaialife0000love }}
*Lovelock, James (2006), interviewed in ''How to think about science'', CBC Ideas (radio program), broadcast January 3, 2008. [http://www.cbc.ca/ideas/episodes/2009/01/02/how-to-think-about-science-part-1---24-listen/ Link]
*{{cite book | author=Lovelock, James | title=The Revenge of Gaia: Why the Earth Is Fighting Back — and How We Can Still Save Humanity | publisher=Allen Lane | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-7139-9914-3 |location=Santa Barbara CA| title-link=The Revenge of Gaia }}
*{{cite book | author=Lovelock, James | title=The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning| publisher=Basic Books | date=2009 | isbn=978-0-465-01549-8 |location=New York, NY}}
*{{cite book | author=Margulis, Lynn | title=Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution | publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |location=London | date=1998 | isbn=978-0-297-81740-6}}
*{{cite book |author=Marshall, Alan |title=The Unity of Nature: Wholeness and Disintegration in Ecology and Science |publisher=Imperial College Press |location=River Edge, N.J |date=2002 |isbn=978-1-86094-330-0 }}
*{{cite journal |author=Staley M |title=Darwinian selection leads to Gaia |journal=J. Theor. Biol. |volume=218 |issue=1 |pages=35–46 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12297068 |doi=10.1006/jtbi.2002.3059 }}
*{{cite book |author=Schneider, Stephen Henry |title=Scientists debate Gaia: the next century |publisher=MIT Press |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts |date=2004|isbn=978-0-262-19498-3 }}
*{{cite book |author=Thomas, Lewis G. |title=The Lives of a Cell; Notes of a Biology Watcher |url=https://archive.org/details/livesofcellnotes00thomrich |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |location=New York |date=1974 |isbn=978-0-670-43442-8 }}
{{Refend}}
==进一步阅读==
* {{cite book |last1=Joseph |first1=Lawrence E. |title=Gaia: The Growth of an Idea |date=1990 |location=New York, N.Y. |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-31-204318-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/gaia00lawr|url-access=registration }}
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