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第573行： − − Thus, the fraction of output response for which mediation would be sufficient is − − 因此，输出响应中中介足够的部分是 − − − − − <math> \frac{NIE}{TE} = \frac{b_1 c_2}{c_1 + b_0 c_3 + b_1 (c_2 + c_3)}, </math> − − − − − while the fraction for which mediation would be necessary is − − 而调解的必要部分是 − − − − <math> 1- \frac{NDE}{TE} = \frac{b_1 (c_2 +c_3)}{c_1 + b_0c_3 + b_1 (c_2 + c_3)}. </math> − − − These fractions involve non-obvious combinations − − 这些分数包含不明显的组合 − − − − of the model's parameters, and can be constructed − − 模型的参数，可以构造出 − − mechanically with the help of the Mediation Formula. Significantly, due to interaction, a direct effect can be sustained even when the parameter <math>c_1</math> vanishes and, moreover, a total effect can be sustained even when both the direct and indirect effects vanish. This illustrates that estimating parameters in isolation tells us little about the effect of mediation and, more generally, mediation and moderation are intertwined and cannot be assessed separately. − − 借助调解公式机械地进行调解。值得注意的是，由于相互作用，即使参数 c _ 1 </math > 消失，直接影响也可以持续，而且，即使直接和间接影响消失，总体影响也可以持续。这表明，孤立地估计参数并不能告诉我们有关调解效果的信息，更普遍地说，调解和调节是相互交织的，不能单独进行评估。 − −
→Mediated moderation
==Mediated moderation==
==Mediated moderation==
Mediated moderation is a variant of both moderation and mediation. This is where there is initially overall moderation and the direct effect of the moderator variable on the outcome is mediated. The main difference between mediated moderation and moderated mediation is that for the former there is initial (overall) moderation and this effect is mediated and for the latter there is no moderation but the effect of either the treatment on the mediator (path ''A'') is moderated or the effect of the mediator on the outcome (path ''B'') is moderated.<ref name="Muller" />
Mediated moderation is a variant of both moderation and mediation. This is where there is initially overall moderation and the direct effect of the moderator variable on the outcome is mediated. The main difference between mediated moderation and moderated mediation is that for the former there is initial (overall) moderation and this effect is mediated and for the latter there is no moderation but the effect of either the treatment on the mediator (path ''A'') is moderated or the effect of the mediator on the outcome (path ''B'') is moderated.<ref name="Muller" />
In order to establish mediated moderation, one must first establish [[Moderation (statistics)|moderation]], meaning that the direction and/or the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (path ''C'') differs depending on the level of a third variable (the moderator variable). Researchers next look for the presence of mediated moderation when they have a theoretical reason to believe that there is a fourth variable that acts as the mechanism or process that causes the relationship between the independent variable and the moderator (path ''A'') or between the moderator and the dependent variable (path ''C'').
In order to establish mediated moderation, one must first establish [[Moderation (statistics)|moderation]], meaning that the direction and/or the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables (path ''C'') differs depending on the level of a third variable (the moderator variable). Researchers next look for the presence of mediated moderation when they have a theoretical reason to believe that there is a fourth variable that acts as the mechanism or process that causes the relationship between the independent variable and the moderator (path ''A'') or between the moderator and the dependent variable (path ''C'').
'''Example'''
'''Example'''
The following is a published example of mediated moderation in psychological research.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Smeesters | first1 = D. | last2 = Warlop | first2 = L. | last3 = Avermaet | first3 = E. V. | last4 = Corneille | first4 = O. | last5 = Yzerbyt | first5 = V. | year = 2003 | title = Do not prime hawks with doves: The interplay of construct activation and consistency of social value orientation on cooperative behavior | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 84 | issue = 5| pages = 972–987 | doi = 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.972 | pmid = 12757142 }}</ref>
The following is a published example of mediated moderation in psychological research.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Smeesters | first1 = D. | last2 = Warlop | first2 = L. | last3 = Avermaet | first3 = E. V. | last4 = Corneille | first4 = O. | last5 = Yzerbyt | first5 = V. | year = 2003 | title = Do not prime hawks with doves: The interplay of construct activation and consistency of social value orientation on cooperative behavior | journal = Journal of Personality and Social Psychology | volume = 84 | issue = 5| pages = 972–987 | doi = 10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.972 | pmid = 12757142 }}</ref>
Participants were presented with an initial stimulus (a prime) that made them think of morality or made them think of might. They then participated in the [[Prisoner's dilemma|Prisoner's Dilemma Game]] (PDG), in which participants pretend that they and their partner in crime have been arrested, and they must decide whether to remain loyal to their partner or to compete with their partner and cooperate with the authorities. The researchers found that prosocial individuals were affected by the morality and might primes, whereas proself individuals were not. Thus, [[Social value orientations|social value orientation]] (proself vs. prosocial) moderated the relationship between the prime (independent variable: morality vs. might) and the behaviour chosen in the PDG (dependent variable: competitive vs. cooperative).
Participants were presented with an initial stimulus (a prime) that made them think of morality or made them think of might. They then participated in the [[Prisoner's dilemma|Prisoner's Dilemma Game]] (PDG), in which participants pretend that they and their partner in crime have been arrested, and they must decide whether to remain loyal to their partner or to compete with their partner and cooperate with the authorities. The researchers found that prosocial individuals were affected by the morality and might primes, whereas proself individuals were not. Thus, [[Social value orientations|social value orientation]] (proself vs. prosocial) moderated the relationship between the prime (independent variable: morality vs. might) and the behaviour chosen in the PDG (dependent variable: competitive vs. cooperative).
The researchers next looked for the presence of a mediated moderation effect. Regression analyses revealed that the type of prime (morality vs. might) mediated the moderating relationship of participants’ [[Social value orientations|social value orientation]] on PDG behaviour. Prosocial participants who experienced the morality prime expected their partner to cooperate with them, so they chose to cooperate themselves. Prosocial participants who experienced the might prime expected their partner to compete with them, which made them more likely to compete with their partner and cooperate with the authorities. In contrast, participants with a pro-self social value orientation always acted competitively.
The researchers next looked for the presence of a mediated moderation effect. Regression analyses revealed that the type of prime (morality vs. might) mediated the moderating relationship of participants’ [[Social value orientations|social value orientation]] on PDG behaviour. Prosocial participants who experienced the morality prime expected their partner to cooperate with them, so they chose to cooperate themselves. Prosocial participants who experienced the might prime expected their partner to compete with them, which made them more likely to compete with their partner and cooperate with the authorities. In contrast, participants with a pro-self social value orientation always acted competitively.
==Regression equations for moderated mediation and mediated moderation==
==Regression equations for moderated mediation and mediated moderation==