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Emergent structures can be found in many natural phenomena, from the physical to the biological domain. For example, the shape of weather phenomena such as hurricanes are emergent structures. The development and growth of complex, orderly crystals, as driven by the random motion of water molecules within a conducive natural environment, is another example of an emergent process, where randomness can give rise to complex and deeply attractive, orderly structures.

Emergent structures can be found in many natural phenomena, from the physical to the biological domain. For example, the shape of weather phenomena such as hurricanes are emergent structures. The development and growth of complex, orderly crystals, as driven by the random motion of water molecules within a conducive natural environment, is another example of an emergent process, where randomness can give rise to complex and deeply attractive, orderly structures.

涌现结构可以在从物理到生物的许多自然现象中找到。例如，气象（比如飓风）的形状就是涌现结构。在导电的环境中（--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） conducive natural environment 导电的环境），由水分子的随机运动驱动复杂有序晶体的发展和生长，是涌现过程的另一个例子，在这种突发过程中，随机性可以产生复杂而具吸引力的有序结构。

涌现结构可以在从物理到生物的许多自然现象中找到。例如，气象（比如飓风）的形状就是涌现结构。在有利的自然的环境中（--[[用户:嘉树|嘉树]]（[[用户讨论:嘉树|讨论]]） conducive natural environment 导电的环境| [[用户:Qige96|Ricky]]： 上下文语境中没有和导电相关的信息，所以我还是改成了直译：有利的自然的环境），由水分子的随机运动驱动复杂有序晶体的发展和生长，是涌现过程的另一个例子，在这种涌现过程中，随机性可以产生复杂而具吸引力的有序结构。

 

[[File:Water Crystals on Mercury 20Feb2010 CU1.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Water crystals forming on glass demonstrate an emergent, [[fractal]] process occurring under appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity.|链接=Special:FilePath/Water_Crystals_on_Mercury_20Feb2010_CU1.jpg]] However, crystalline structure and hurricanes are said to have a self-organizing phase.

[[File:Water Crystals on Mercury 20Feb2010 CU1.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Water crystals forming on glass demonstrate an emergent, [[fractal]] process occurring under appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity.|链接=Special:FilePath/Water_Crystals_on_Mercury_20Feb2010_CU1.jpg]] However, crystalline structure and hurricanes are said to have a self-organizing phase.

Water crystals forming on glass demonstrate an emergent, [[fractal process occurring under appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity.]] However, crystalline structure and hurricanes are said to have a self-organizing phase.

Water crystals forming on glass demonstrate an emergent, [[fractal process occurring under appropriate conditions of temperature and humidity.]] However, crystalline structure and hurricanes are said to have a self-organizing phase.

 

 

 

It is useful to distinguish three forms of emergent structures. A first-order emergent structure occurs as a result of shape interactions (for example, hydrogen bonds in water molecules lead to surface tension). A second-order emergent structure involves shape interactions played out sequentially over time (for example, changing atmospheric conditions as a snowflake falls to the ground build upon and alter its form). Finally, a third-order emergent structure is a consequence of shape, time, and heritable instructions. For example, an organism's genetic code affects the form of the organism's systems in space and time.

It is useful to distinguish three forms of emergent structures. A first-order emergent structure occurs as a result of shape interactions (for example, hydrogen bonds in water molecules lead to surface tension). A second-order emergent structure involves shape interactions played out sequentially over time (for example, changing atmospheric conditions as a snowflake falls to the ground build upon and alter its form). Finally, a third-order emergent structure is a consequence of shape, time, and heritable instructions. For example, an organism's genetic code affects the form of the organism's systems in space and time.

区分涌现结构的三种形式是有用的。一级涌现结构是空间相互作用的结果(例如，水分子中的氢键导致表面张力)。二级涌现结构涉及随时间变化的空间的相互作用(例如，当雪花落到地面时，大气环境的变化，会影响雪花的形态)。三级涌现结构是空间、时间和可继承指令的结果。例如，有机体的遗传密码影响着有机体系统在空间和时间上的形式。

涌现结构可以被区分为的三种形式。一级涌现结构是空间相互作用的结果(例如，水分子中的氢键导致表面张力)。二级涌现结构涉及随时间变化的空间的相互作用(例如，当雪花落到地面时，大气环境的变化，会影响雪花的形态)。三级涌现结构是空间、时间和可继承指令的结果。例如，有机体的遗传密码影响着有机体系统在空间和时间上的形式。

 

 

 

 

===无生命的物理系统===

===无生命的物理系统===

In [[physics]], emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Philip W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HhQDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Basic Notions Of Condensed Matter Physics|date=2018-03-09|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-97374-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Girvin|first=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ESIDwAAQBAJ&hl=en|title=Modern Condensed Matter Physics|last2=Yang|first2=Kun|date=2019-02-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-57347-4|language=en}}</ref>

In [[physics]], emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Philip W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HhQDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Basic Notions Of Condensed Matter Physics|date=2018-03-09|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-97374-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Girvin|first=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ESIDwAAQBAJ&hl=en|title=Modern Condensed Matter Physics|last2=Yang|first2=Kun|date=2019-02-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-57347-4|language=en}}</ref>

In physics, emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.

In physics, emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.

在物理学中，涌现被用来描述在宏观尺度(空间或时间)上的性质、规律或现象，尽管一个宏观系统可以被看作是一个非常庞大的微观系统的集合。

在物理学中，涌现被用来描述在宏观尺度(空间或时间)上的性质、规律或现象，尽管一个宏观系统可以被看作是一个非常庞大的微观系统的集合。<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anderson|first=Philip W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HhQDwAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Basic Notions Of Condensed Matter Physics|date=2018-03-09|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-0-429-97374-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Girvin|first=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ESIDwAAQBAJ&hl=en|title=Modern Condensed Matter Physics|last2=Yang|first2=Kun|date=2019-02-28|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-57347-4|language=en}}</ref>

 

 

涌现属性不必比生成它的底层非涌现属性更复杂。例如，热力学定律是非常简单的，即使粒子之间相互作用的法则是复杂的。因此，物理学中的涌现一词不是用来表示复杂性，而是用来区分哪些定律和概念适用于宏观尺度，哪些定律和概念适用于微观尺度。

涌现属性不必比生成它的底层非涌现属性更复杂。例如，热力学定律是非常简单的，即使粒子之间相互作用的法则是复杂的。因此，物理学中的涌现一词不是用来表示复杂性，而是用来区分哪些定律和概念适用于宏观尺度，哪些定律和概念适用于微观尺度。

However, another, perhaps more broadly applicable way to conceive of the emergent divide does involve a dose of complexity insofar as the computational feasibility of going from the microscopic to the macroscopic property tells the 'strength' of the emergence. This is better understood given the following definition of emergence that comes from physics:

However, another, perhaps more broadly applicable way to conceive of the emergent divide does involve a dose of complexity insofar as the computational feasibility of going from the microscopic to the macroscopic property tells the 'strength' of the emergence. This is better understood given the following definition of emergence that comes from physics:

然而，另一种也许更广泛适用的方式来设想涌现的方法涉及到一定程度的复杂性，因为从微观到宏观上，计算的可行性告诉我们涌现的力量。如果考虑到以下来自物理学的涌现的定义，可以更好地理解:

还有另一种关于涌现的设想，它也许更广泛适用，但这种方法涉及到一定程度的复杂性：从微观到宏观上的计算可行性可以告诉我们涌现的“强度”。如果考虑到以下来自物理学的涌现的定义，可以更好地理解:

 

 

 

 

"An emergent behavior of a physical system is a qualitative property that can only occur in the limit that the number of microscopic constituents tends to infinity."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kivelson |first1=Sophia |last2=Kivelson |first2=Steve |title=Defining Emergence in Physics |journal=NPJ Quantum Materials |volume=1 |publisher=Nature Research |doi=10.1038/npjquantmats.2016.24 |year=2016 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

"An emergent behavior of a physical system is a qualitative property that can only occur in the limit that the number of microscopic constituents tends to infinity."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kivelson |first1=Sophia |last2=Kivelson |first2=Steve |title=Defining Emergence in Physics |journal=NPJ Quantum Materials |volume=1 |publisher=Nature Research |doi=10.1038/npjquantmats.2016.24 |year=2016 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

"An emergent behavior of a physical system is a qualitative property that can only occur in the limit that the number of microscopic constituents tends to infinity."

"An emergent behavior of a physical system is a qualitative property that can only occur in the limit that the number of microscopic constituents tends to infinity."

物理系统的涌现行为是一种定性性质，只有在微观成分的数量趋于无穷大的情况下才能发生。

物理系统的涌现行为是一种定性性质，只有在微观成分的数量趋于无穷大的情况下才能发生。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kivelson |first1=Sophia |last2=Kivelson |first2=Steve |title=Defining Emergence in Physics |journal=NPJ Quantum Materials |volume=1 |publisher=Nature Research |doi=10.1038/npjquantmats.2016.24 |year=2016 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

 

 

 

因为在现实世界中不存在无限的系统，所以一个系统的组成部分的属性和涌现的整体的属性之间，并不存在自然产生的明显的区分。正如下面所讨论的，经典力学被认为是从量子力学中涌现出来的，尽管在原则上，量子力学完全描述了在经典水平上发生的一切。然而，需要一台比宇宙更大的计算机，计算比宇宙的生命时间更长的时间，才能根据电子的位置来描述一个下落的苹果的运动，因此我们可以把这看作一个“强的”涌现在宏观和微观世界的区分。

因为在现实世界中不存在无限的系统，所以一个系统的组成部分的属性和涌现的整体的属性之间，并不存在自然产生的明显的区分。正如下面所讨论的，经典力学被认为是从量子力学中涌现出来的，尽管在原则上，量子力学完全描述了在经典水平上发生的一切。然而，需要一台比宇宙更大的计算机，计算比宇宙的生命时间更长的时间，才能根据电子的位置来描述一个下落的苹果的运动，因此我们可以把这看作一个“强的”涌现在宏观和微观世界的区分。