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第7行： − + − + − + − | birth_name = Clinton Richard Dawkins+ − + − | birth_place = [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya Colony|Colony and Protectorate of Kenya]]+ − + − + − | death_place =+ − + − | alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]] (MA, DPhil) <!--Balliol College doesn't award degrees, University of Oxford does-->+ − + − + − + − + − + − | doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|+ − * [[Alan Grafen]]+ − * [[Mark Ridley (zoologist)|Mark Ridley]]<ref name=bw>{{cite book |title=The Blind Watchmaker |first=Richard |last=Dawkins |year=1986 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company]] |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-31570-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/blindwatchmaker0000dawk/page/ xvii] |title-link=The Blind Watchmaker }}</ref>}} − − − − − − 第47行：
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第59行： − 在《盲眼钟表匠(1986)中，Dawkins 反驳了基于生命有机体的复杂性而支持超自然创造者存在的钟表匠类比。相反，他将进化过程描述为类似于一个盲人钟表匠，因为繁殖、突变和选择是不受任何设计师指导的。在2006年出版的《上帝错觉，Dawkins 认为超自然的创造者几乎肯定不存在，而宗教信仰只是一种错觉。道金斯的无神论立场有时会引起争议。(点评)+ + 第70行：
第66行： − 道金斯被授予学术和写作奖，他在电视、广播和互联网上露面，主要讨论他的书籍、无神论以及他作为公共知识分子的想法和观点。+ − + − + 第80行：
第76行： − 1941年3月26日，理查德·道金斯出生于当时的英属肯尼亚首都内罗毕。道金斯后来通过契约投票把克林顿从他的名字中去掉了。他是让 · 玛丽 · 维维安(Jean Mary Vyvyan，1916-2019年)和克林顿 · 约翰 · 道金斯(Clinton John Dawkins，1915-2010年)的儿子，后者是尼亚萨兰(今天的马拉维)英国殖民局的一名农业公务员，出身于牛津郡一个有土地的贵族家庭。17th edition，ed.他的父亲在第二次世界大战期间被召入国王的非洲步枪队，并于1949年返回英国，当时道金斯只有八岁。他的父亲继承了位于牛津郡诺顿公园的一处乡村庄园，并进行了商业开发。道金斯住在英国的牛津。他有一个妹妹，叫莎拉。+
无编辑摘要
{{Use British English|date=July 2011}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Richard Dawkins
| 姓名 = 理查德·道金斯
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSL|size=100%}}
| honorific_suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSL|size=100%}}
| image = Richard Dawkins Cooper Union Shankbone.jpg
| 图片 = Richard Dawkins Cooper Union Shankbone.jpg
| caption = Dawkins in 2010
| 出生名 = 克林顿·理查德·道金斯
| 出生日 = 1941年3月26日
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|3|26|df=y}}
| 出生地 = 肯尼亚 内罗毕
| 国籍 = 英国
| citizenship = [[United Kingdom]]
| 教育背景 = 英格兰 昂德尔公立学校（Oundle School）<br/> 牛津大学 (MA, DPhil) <!--Balliol College doesn't award degrees, University of Oxford does-->
| death_date =
| 博士生导师 = 尼古拉斯·廷贝亨（Nikolaas Tinbergen）
| 博士论文题目 = Selective pecking in the domestic chick
| education = [[Oundle School]]
| 博士论文URL = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.710826
| 论文踢几脚时间 = 1967
| doctoral_advisor = [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]]
| 工作地点 = 伯克利加州大学<br />牛津大学新学院（New College）
| thesis_title = Selective pecking in the domestic chick
| 主要工作 = {{Plainlist|
| thesis_url = http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.710826
* 以基因为中心的演化论
| thesis_year = 1967
* 模因的概念
| workplaces = [[University of California, Berkeley]]<br />[[New College, Oxford]]<br />[[University of Oxford]]<br />[[New College of the Humanities]]
* 中观世界
* 扩展表现型
* 无神论; "[[New Atheism]]"<ref>{{Cite IEP |url-id=n-atheis |title=The New Atheists |first=James E. |last=Taylor}}</ref>}}
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
* [[Gene-centred view of evolution]]
* Concept of the [[meme]]
* [[Middle World]]
* [[Extended phenotype]]
* Advocacy of [[science]]; [[criticism of religion]]; "[[New Atheism]]"<ref>{{Cite IEP |url-id=n-atheis |title=The New Atheists |first=James E. |last=Taylor}}</ref>}}
| influences = [[Charles Darwin]], [[W. D. Hamilton]], [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]]<ref name="Appetite">{{cite book |title=An Appetite for Wonder |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Dawkins |year=2013 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-06-231580-9 |pages=271–283, 287–294 }}</ref>{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=67}}
| influences = [[Charles Darwin]], [[W. D. Hamilton]], [[Nikolaas Tinbergen]]<ref name="Appetite">{{cite book |title=An Appetite for Wonder |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Dawkins |year=2013 |publisher=Harper Collins |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-06-231580-9 |pages=271–283, 287–294 }}</ref>{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=67}}
| influenced = [[Andrew F. Read]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=3}} [[Helena Cronin]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=14}} [[John Krebs, Baron Krebs]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=27}} [[David Haig (biologist)|David Haig]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=50}} [[Alan Grafen]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=66}} [[Daniel Dennett]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=101}} [[David Deutsch]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=125}} [[Steven Pinker]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=130}} [[Martin Daly (professor)|Martin Daly]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=191}} [[Margo Wilson]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=191}} [[Randolph M. Nesse]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=203}} [[Kim Sterelny]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=213}} [[Michael Shermer]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=227}} [[Richard Harries, Baron Harries of Pentregarth]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=236}} [[A. C. Grayling]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=243}} [[Marek Kohn]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=248}} [[David P. Barash]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=255}} [[Matt Ridley]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=265}} [[Philip Pullman]]{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=270}}
| influenced = [[Andrew F. Read]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=3}} [[Helena Cronin]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=14}} [[John Krebs, Baron Krebs]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=27}} [[David Haig (biologist)|David Haig]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=50}} [[Alan Grafen]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=66}} [[Daniel Dennett]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=101}} [[David Deutsch]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=125}} [[Steven Pinker]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=130}} [[Martin Daly (professor)|Martin Daly]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=191}} [[Margo Wilson]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=191}} [[Randolph M. Nesse]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=203}} [[Kim Sterelny]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=213}} [[Michael Shermer]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=227}} [[Richard Harries, Baron Harries of Pentregarth]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=236}} [[A. C. Grayling]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=243}} [[Marek Kohn]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=248}} [[David P. Barash]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=255}} [[Matt Ridley]],{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=265}} [[Philip Pullman]]{{sfn|Grafen|2006|page=270}}
| module = {{Listen| embed=yes | filename = Audio Richard Dawkins.wav | pos=center |title = Richard Dawkins introduces himself. (Recorded November, 2016.) | filename2 = Richard Dawkins BBC Radio4 Start the Week 17 Oct 2011 b015yr4h.flac | pos2=center | title2 = Richard Dawkins on science education. (From the BBC programme "Start the Week", 17 October 2011)}}
| module = {{Listen| embed=yes | filename = Audio Richard Dawkins.wav | pos=center |title = Richard Dawkins introduces himself. (Recorded November, 2016.) | filename2 = Richard Dawkins BBC Radio4 Start the Week 17 Oct 2011 b015yr4h.flac | pos2=center | title2 = Richard Dawkins on science education. (From the BBC programme "Start the Week", 17 October 2011)}}
}}
}}
'''Richard Dawkins''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSL}} (born 26 March 1941)<ref name="deed poll">{{cite AV media|author=Tortoise |title=OMG – A ThinkIn with Richard Dawkins |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5WxptJwL0Q?t=128 |website=YouTube |access-date=31 January 2020|time=2:08|date=2 December 2019}}</ref> is a British [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]] and [[author]]. He is an [[Oxford fellow|emeritus fellow]] of [[New College, Oxford]] and was [[Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science|Professor for Public Understanding of Science]] in the [[University of Oxford]] from 1995 to 2008. An [[atheist]],<!-- Please do not change this to 'agnostic' without first consulting the "atheist-consensus" as established on the talk page and its archives --> he is well known for his criticism of [[creationism]] and [[intelligent design]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |title=British scientists don't like Richard Dawkins, finds study that didn't even ask questions about Richard Dawkins |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609003903/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
'''Richard Dawkins''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSL}} (born 26 March 1941)<ref name="deed poll">{{cite AV media|author=Tortoise |title=OMG – A ThinkIn with Richard Dawkins |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5WxptJwL0Q?t=128 |website=YouTube |access-date=31 January 2020|time=2:08|date=2 December 2019}}</ref> is a British [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]] and [[author]]. He is an [[Oxford fellow|emeritus fellow]] of [[New College, Oxford]] and was [[Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science|Professor for Public Understanding of Science]] in the [[University of Oxford]] from 1995 to 2008. An [[atheist]],<!-- Please do not change this to 'agnostic' without first consulting the "atheist-consensus" as established on the talk page and its archives --> he is well known for his criticism of [[creationism]] and [[intelligent design]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |title=British scientists don't like Richard Dawkins, finds study that didn't even ask questions about Richard Dawkins |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609003903/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford and was Professor for Public Understanding of Science in the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008. An atheist, he is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.
Richard Dawkins (born 26 March 1941) is a British evolutionary biologist and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford and was Professor for Public Understanding of Science in the University of Oxford from 1995 to 2008. An atheist, he is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design.
理查德 · 道金斯(生于1941年3月26日)是英国进化生物学家和作家。他是牛津大学新学院的荣誉退休研究员，并于1995年至2008年在牛津大学担任公众理解科学教授。作为一个无神论者，他以对神创论和智慧设计论的批判而闻名。
理查德 · 道金斯(生于1941年3月26日)<ref name="deed poll">{{cite AV media|author=Tortoise |title=OMG – A ThinkIn with Richard Dawkins |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5WxptJwL0Q?t=128 |website=YouTube |access-date=31 January 2020|time=2:08|date=2 December 2019}}</ref>是英国进化生物学家和作家。他是牛津大学新学院的荣誉退休研究员，并于1995年至2008年在牛津大学担任公众理解科学教授。作为一个无神论者，他以对神创论和智慧设计论的批判而闻名。<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |title=British scientists don't like Richard Dawkins, finds study that didn't even ask questions about Richard Dawkins |access-date=26 June 2020 |archive-date=9 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609003903/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/richard-dawkins-atheism-criticism-atheist-study-rice-university-science-scientists-a7389396.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book ''[[The Selfish Gene]]'', which popularised the [[gene-centred view of evolution]] and introduced the term ''[[meme]]''. With his book ''[[The Extended Phenotype]]'' (1982), he introduced into [[evolutionary biology]] the influential concept that the [[phenotype|phenotypic]] effects of a [[gene]] are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the [[Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science]].
Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book ''[[The Selfish Gene]]'', which popularised the [[gene-centred view of evolution]] and introduced the term ''[[meme]]''. With his book ''[[The Extended Phenotype]]'' (1982), he introduced into [[evolutionary biology]] the influential concept that the [[phenotype|phenotypic]] effects of a [[gene]] are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the [[Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science]].
Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme. With his book The Extended Phenotype (1982), he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.
Dawkins first came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centred view of evolution and introduced the term meme. With his book The Extended Phenotype (1982), he introduced into evolutionary biology the influential concept that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment. In 2006, he founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.
道金斯最早在1976年出版的《自私的基因》一书中崭露头角，该书推广了以基因为中心的进化论观点，并引入了“模因”(meme)一词。在1982年出版的《延伸表型》一书中，他将一个有影响力的概念引入进化生物学，即基因的表型效应不一定局限于有机体，而是可以延伸到环境中。2006年，他创立了理查德 · 道金斯理性与科学基金会。
道金斯最早在1976年出版的《自私的基因》一书中崭露头角，该书推广了以基因为中心的进化论观点，并引入了“模因”(meme)一词。在1982年出版的《扩展的表现性（extended
phenotype）》（译注：未找到对应中文翻译作品）一书中，他将一个有影响力的概念引入进化生物学，即基因的表现型效应不一定局限于有机体，而是可以延伸到环境中。2006年，他创立了理查德·道金斯理性与科学基金会。
In ''[[The Blind Watchmaker]]'' (1986), Dawkins argues against the [[watchmaker analogy]], an argument for the existence of a [[creator deity|supernatural creator]] based upon the [[Evolution of biological complexity|complexity of living organisms]]. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a ''blind'' watchmaker, in that [[reproduction]], [[mutation]], and [[Natural selection|selection]] are unguided by any designer. In ''[[The God Delusion]]'' (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a [[delusion]]. Dawkins's atheist stances have sometimes attracted controversy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is Richard Dawkins destroying his reputation?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/09/is-richard-dawkins-destroying-his-reputation|newspaper=The Guardian|last=Elmhirst|first=Sophie|date=9 June 2015}}([[Op-ed]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins on Charles Darwin|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7885670.stm|website=BBC News|date=14 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins dropped from science event for tweeting video mocking feminists and Islamists|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/richard-dawkins-vdeo-twitter-necss-event-feminism-a6841161.html?amp|newspaper=The Independent|last=Blair|first=Olivia|date=29 January 2016}}</ref>
In ''[[The Blind Watchmaker]]'' (1986), Dawkins argues against the [[watchmaker analogy]], an argument for the existence of a [[creator deity|supernatural creator]] based upon the [[Evolution of biological complexity|complexity of living organisms]]. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a ''blind'' watchmaker, in that [[reproduction]], [[mutation]], and [[Natural selection|selection]] are unguided by any designer. In ''[[The God Delusion]]'' (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a [[delusion]]. Dawkins's atheist stances have sometimes attracted controversy.<ref>{{cite web|title=Is Richard Dawkins destroying his reputation?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/09/is-richard-dawkins-destroying-his-reputation|newspaper=The Guardian|last=Elmhirst|first=Sophie|date=9 June 2015}}([[Op-ed]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins on Charles Darwin|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7885670.stm|website=BBC News|date=14 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins dropped from science event for tweeting video mocking feminists and Islamists|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/richard-dawkins-vdeo-twitter-necss-event-feminism-a6841161.html?amp|newspaper=The Independent|last=Blair|first=Olivia|date=29 January 2016}}</ref>
In The Blind Watchmaker (1986), Dawkins argues against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker, in that reproduction, mutation, and selection are unguided by any designer. In The God Delusion (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion. Dawkins's atheist stances have sometimes attracted controversy.(Op-ed)
In The Blind Watchmaker (1986), Dawkins argues against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms. Instead, he describes evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker, in that reproduction, mutation, and selection are unguided by any designer. In The God Delusion (2006), Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion. Dawkins's atheist stances have sometimes attracted controversy.(Op-ed)
在《盲眼钟表匠》(1986)中，道金斯反驳了基于生命有机体的复杂性而支持存在超自然创造者的观点。相反，他将进化过程描述为类似于一个盲人钟表匠，因为繁殖、突变和选择是不受任何设计师指导的。在2006年出版的《上帝错觉》道金斯认为超自然的创造者几乎肯定不存在，而宗教信仰只是一种错觉。道金斯的无神论立场有时会引起争议。<ref>{{cite web|title=Is Richard Dawkins destroying his reputation?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jun/09/is-richard-dawkins-destroying-his-reputation|newspaper=The Guardian|last=Elmhirst|first=Sophie|date=9 June 2015}}([[Op-ed]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins on Charles Darwin|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7885670.stm|website=BBC News|date=14 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Richard Dawkins dropped from science event for tweeting video mocking feminists and Islamists|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/richard-dawkins-vdeo-twitter-necss-event-feminism-a6841161.html?amp|newspaper=The Independent|last=Blair|first=Olivia|date=29 January 2016}}</ref>
Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a [[public intellectual]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The New Celebrity Scientists: Out of the Lab and into the Limelight |last=Fahy |first=Declan |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2015 }}</ref>
Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a [[public intellectual]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The New Celebrity Scientists: Out of the Lab and into the Limelight |last=Fahy |first=Declan |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2015 }}</ref>
Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual.
Dawkins has been awarded academic and writing awards, and he makes television, radio, and internet appearances, predominantly discussing his books, atheism, and his ideas and opinions as a public intellectual.
道金斯在学术和写作领域获得许多奖项。他常在电视、广播和互联网上露面，主要讨论他的书籍、无神论以及他作为公共知识分子的想法和观点。<ref>{{Cite book |title=The New Celebrity Scientists: Out of the Lab and into the Limelight |last=Fahy |first=Declan |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2015 }}</ref>
== Background ==
== 背景 ==
=== Early life ===
=== 早期生活 ===
Clinton Richard Dawkins was born in [[Nairobi]], then the capital of the [[Kenya Colony|Colony and Protectorate of Kenya]], on 26 March 1941.<ref name="encycdotcom">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3449200042/dawkins-richard-1941.html |title=Dawkins, Richard 1941– – Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012161749/http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3449200042/dawkins-richard-1941.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins later dropped Clinton from his name by [[deed poll]].<ref name="deed poll"/> He is the son of Jean Mary Vyvyan (''née'' Ladner; 1916–2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=Richard |title=My mother is 100 today. She & my late father gave me an idyllic childhood. Her writings on that time are quoted in An Appetite for Wonder |url=https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/802104552195506178 |website=Twitter |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617112151/https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/802104552195506178 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=Richard |title=My beloved mother died today, a month short of her 103rd birthday. As a young wartime bride she was brave and adventurous. Her epic journey up Africa, illegally accompanying my father, is recounted in passages from her diary, reproduced in An Appetite for Wonder. Rest in Peace. |url=https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/1183908617541562369 |website=Twitter |access-date=15 October 2019 |archive-date=15 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015025639/https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/1183908617541562369 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Clinton John Dawkins (1915–2010), an agricultural civil servant in the British [[Colonial Service]] in [[Nyasaland]] (present-day [[Malawi]]), of an Oxfordshire [[landed gentry]] family.<ref name="encycdotcom" /><ref>Burke's Landed Gentry 17th edition, ed. L. G. Pine, 1952, 'Dawkins of Over Norton' pedigree</ref><ref name="father's obit"/> His father was called up into the [[King's African Rifles]] during the [[Second World War]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Dawkins |title=The Ancestor's Tale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC |date=October 2004 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-618-00583-3 |page=317 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523013348/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brief Scientific Autobiography">{{cite web |url=http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4757-brief-scientific-autobiography |title=Brief Scientific Autobiography |access-date=17 July 2010 |publisher=Richard Dawkins Foundation |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621114947/http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4757-brief-scientific-autobiography |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref> and returned to England in 1949, when Dawkins was eight. His father had inherited a country estate, [[Over Norton Park]] in [[Oxfordshire]], which he farmed commercially.<ref name="father's obit">{{Cite news |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |title=Lives Remembered: John Dawkins |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=11 December 2010 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-john-dawkins-2157459.html |access-date=12 December 2010 |location=London |archive-date=13 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213080623/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-john-dawkins-2157459.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins lives in [[Oxford]], England.<ref name="strident">{{cite news |title=Richard Dawkins: 'I don't think I am strident or aggressive' |first=Andrew |last=Anthony |date=15 September 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/15/richard-dawkins-interview-appetite-wonder |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=21 September 2014 |archive-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529212022/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/15/richard-dawkins-interview-appetite-wonder |url-status=live }}</ref> He has a younger sister, Sarah.<ref name="Darwin's child"/>
Clinton Richard Dawkins was born in [[Nairobi]], then the capital of the [[Kenya Colony|Colony and Protectorate of Kenya]], on 26 March 1941.<ref name="encycdotcom">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3449200042/dawkins-richard-1941.html |title=Dawkins, Richard 1941– – Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |publisher=[[Cengage Learning]] |access-date=16 May 2014 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012161749/http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3449200042/dawkins-richard-1941.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins later dropped Clinton from his name by [[deed poll]].<ref name="deed poll"/> He is the son of Jean Mary Vyvyan (''née'' Ladner; 1916–2019)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=Richard |title=My mother is 100 today. She & my late father gave me an idyllic childhood. Her writings on that time are quoted in An Appetite for Wonder |url=https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/802104552195506178 |website=Twitter |access-date=26 November 2016 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617112151/https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/802104552195506178 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dawkins |first1=Richard |title=My beloved mother died today, a month short of her 103rd birthday. As a young wartime bride she was brave and adventurous. Her epic journey up Africa, illegally accompanying my father, is recounted in passages from her diary, reproduced in An Appetite for Wonder. Rest in Peace. |url=https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/1183908617541562369 |website=Twitter |access-date=15 October 2019 |archive-date=15 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015025639/https://twitter.com/RichardDawkins/status/1183908617541562369 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Clinton John Dawkins (1915–2010), an agricultural civil servant in the British [[Colonial Service]] in [[Nyasaland]] (present-day [[Malawi]]), of an Oxfordshire [[landed gentry]] family.<ref name="encycdotcom" /><ref>Burke's Landed Gentry 17th edition, ed. L. G. Pine, 1952, 'Dawkins of Over Norton' pedigree</ref><ref name="father's obit"/> His father was called up into the [[King's African Rifles]] during the [[Second World War]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Dawkins |title=The Ancestor's Tale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC |date=October 2004 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |isbn=978-0-618-00583-3 |page=317 |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523013348/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Brief Scientific Autobiography">{{cite web |url=http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4757-brief-scientific-autobiography |title=Brief Scientific Autobiography |access-date=17 July 2010 |publisher=Richard Dawkins Foundation |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100621114947/http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4757-brief-scientific-autobiography |archive-date=21 June 2010}}</ref> and returned to England in 1949, when Dawkins was eight. His father had inherited a country estate, [[Over Norton Park]] in [[Oxfordshire]], which he farmed commercially.<ref name="father's obit">{{Cite news |last=Dawkins |first=Richard |title=Lives Remembered: John Dawkins |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=11 December 2010 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-john-dawkins-2157459.html |access-date=12 December 2010 |location=London |archive-date=13 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213080623/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-john-dawkins-2157459.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins lives in [[Oxford]], England.<ref name="strident">{{cite news |title=Richard Dawkins: 'I don't think I am strident or aggressive' |first=Andrew |last=Anthony |date=15 September 2013 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/15/richard-dawkins-interview-appetite-wonder |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=21 September 2014 |archive-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529212022/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/sep/15/richard-dawkins-interview-appetite-wonder |url-status=live }}</ref> He has a younger sister, Sarah.<ref name="Darwin's child"/>
Clinton Richard Dawkins was born in Nairobi, then the capital of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, on 26 March 1941. Dawkins later dropped Clinton from his name by deed poll. He is the son of Jean Mary Vyvyan (née Ladner; 1916–2019) and Clinton John Dawkins (1915–2010), an agricultural civil servant in the British Colonial Service in Nyasaland (present-day Malawi), of an Oxfordshire landed gentry family.Burke's Landed Gentry 17th edition, ed. L. G. Pine, 1952, 'Dawkins of Over Norton' pedigree His father was called up into the King's African Rifles during the Second World War and returned to England in 1949, when Dawkins was eight. His father had inherited a country estate, Over Norton Park in Oxfordshire, which he farmed commercially. Dawkins lives in Oxford, England. He has a younger sister, Sarah.
Clinton Richard Dawkins was born in Nairobi, then the capital of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, on 26 March 1941. Dawkins later dropped Clinton from his name by deed poll. He is the son of Jean Mary Vyvyan (née Ladner; 1916–2019) and Clinton John Dawkins (1915–2010), an agricultural civil servant in the British Colonial Service in Nyasaland (present-day Malawi), of an Oxfordshire landed gentry family.Burke's Landed Gentry 17th edition, ed. L. G. Pine, 1952, 'Dawkins of Over Norton' pedigree His father was called up into the King's African Rifles during the Second World War and returned to England in 1949, when Dawkins was eight. His father had inherited a country estate, Over Norton Park in Oxfordshire, which he farmed commercially. Dawkins lives in Oxford, England. He has a younger sister, Sarah.
1941年3月26日，克林顿·理查德·道金斯出生于当时的英属肯尼亚首都内罗毕。道金斯后来通过契约投票把克林顿从他的名字中去掉了。他是让·玛丽·维维安(Jean Mary Vyvyan，1916-2019年)和克林顿·约翰·道金斯(Clinton John Dawkins，1915-2010年)的儿子，后者是尼亚萨兰(今天的马拉维)英国殖民局的一名农业公务员，出身于牛津郡一个有土地的贵族家庭。他的父亲在第二次世界大战期间被召入国王的非洲步枪队，并于1949年返回英国，当时道金斯只有八岁。他的父亲继承了位于牛津郡诺顿公园的一处乡村庄园，并进行了商业开发。道金斯住在英国的牛津。他有一个妹妹，叫莎拉。
His parents were interested in [[natural science]]s, and they answered Dawkins's questions in scientific terms.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/1595744.stm |title=Richard Dawkins: The foibles of faith |access-date=13 March 2008 |date=12 October 2001 |work=BBC News |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/1595744.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins describes his childhood as "a normal [[Anglican]] upbringing".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pollard |first=Nick |title=High Profile |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17rzvh_Ve0IC |volume=18 |date=April 1995 |page=15 |issn=0309-3492 |issue=3 |journal=[[Third Way Magazine|Third Way]] |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523013222/https://books.google.com/books?id=17rzvh_Ve0IC |url-status=live }}</ref> He embraced [[Christianity]] until halfway through his teenage years, at which point he concluded that the [[Extended evolutionary synthesis|theory of evolution]] alone was a better explanation for life's complexity, and ceased believing in a god.<ref name="Darwin's child">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/10/religion.scienceandnature |last=Hattenstone |first=Simon |title=Darwin's child |access-date=22 April 2008 |date=10 February 2003 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |archive-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724001426/https://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/scienceandnature/story/0,6000,892495,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins states: "The main residual reason why I was religious was from being so impressed with the complexity of life and feeling that it had to have a designer, and I think it was when I realised that Darwinism was a far superior explanation that pulled the rug out from under the argument of design. And that left me with nothing."<ref name="Darwin's child"/>
His parents were interested in [[natural science]]s, and they answered Dawkins's questions in scientific terms.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/1595744.stm |title=Richard Dawkins: The foibles of faith |access-date=13 March 2008 |date=12 October 2001 |work=BBC News |archive-date=19 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035204/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/1595744.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins describes his childhood as "a normal [[Anglican]] upbringing".<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pollard |first=Nick |title=High Profile |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17rzvh_Ve0IC |volume=18 |date=April 1995 |page=15 |issn=0309-3492 |issue=3 |journal=[[Third Way Magazine|Third Way]] |access-date=20 May 2020 |archive-date=23 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523013222/https://books.google.com/books?id=17rzvh_Ve0IC |url-status=live }}</ref> He embraced [[Christianity]] until halfway through his teenage years, at which point he concluded that the [[Extended evolutionary synthesis|theory of evolution]] alone was a better explanation for life's complexity, and ceased believing in a god.<ref name="Darwin's child">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/10/religion.scienceandnature |last=Hattenstone |first=Simon |title=Darwin's child |access-date=22 April 2008 |date=10 February 2003 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |archive-date=24 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724001426/https://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/scienceandnature/story/0,6000,892495,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dawkins states: "The main residual reason why I was religious was from being so impressed with the complexity of life and feeling that it had to have a designer, and I think it was when I realised that Darwinism was a far superior explanation that pulled the rug out from under the argument of design. And that left me with nothing."<ref name="Darwin's child"/>