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One of the first tasks of the GCOS programme was to define a subset of the World Weather Watch (WWW)<ref>{{cite news |title= World Weather Watch |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> stations appropriate for basic climate monitoring. The subset of roughly 1000 baseline surface stations became the GCOS Surface Network (GSN),<ref>{{cite news |title= GCOS Observations and Systems |publisher=GCOS |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index.php?name=ObservingSystemsandData|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> while a subset of 150 upper air stations was designated as the GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN).<ref>{{cite news |title= The GCOS Upper-Air Network - GUAN |publisher=GCOS/GOSIC |year= 2013 |url=  http://gosic.org/content/gcos-upper-air-network-guan-program-overview|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> These were built on existing WMO classifications and became the initial baseline components of the atmospheric networks. Considerations for selection of GSN included spatial distribution, length and quality of record, long-term commitment, and degree of urbanization. Similar considerations were used for GUAN. Designation of these networks benefited both the GCOS and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS). For NMHSs, designation of a station as part of the global climate network helped sustain support for these sites with long-term records. The networks provided the foundation for the Regional Basic Climatological Network,<ref>{{cite news |title= Regional Basic Climatological Network |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/ois/rbsn-rbcn/rbsn-rbcn-home.htm|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> which provides far greater spatial detail on the variability of climate.

One of the first tasks of the GCOS programme was to define a subset of the World Weather Watch (WWW)<ref>{{cite news |title= World Weather Watch |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> stations appropriate for basic climate monitoring. The subset of roughly 1000 baseline surface stations became the GCOS Surface Network (GSN),<ref>{{cite news |title= GCOS Observations and Systems |publisher=GCOS |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/index.php?name=ObservingSystemsandData|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> while a subset of 150 upper air stations was designated as the GCOS Upper-Air Network (GUAN).<ref>{{cite news |title= The GCOS Upper-Air Network - GUAN |publisher=GCOS/GOSIC |year= 2013 |url=  http://gosic.org/content/gcos-upper-air-network-guan-program-overview|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> These were built on existing WMO classifications and became the initial baseline components of the atmospheric networks. Considerations for selection of GSN included spatial distribution, length and quality of record, long-term commitment, and degree of urbanization. Similar considerations were used for GUAN. Designation of these networks benefited both the GCOS and the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS). For NMHSs, designation of a station as part of the global climate network helped sustain support for these sites with long-term records. The networks provided the foundation for the Regional Basic Climatological Network,<ref>{{cite news |title= Regional Basic Climatological Network |publisher=WMO |year= 2013 |url=  http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/ois/rbsn-rbcn/rbsn-rbcn-home.htm|accessdate= 2013-11-05}}</ref> which provides far greater spatial detail on the variability of climate.

全球气候观测系统方案的首要任务之一是确定适合于基本气候监测的世界天气观测站的子集。大约1000个基线地面站的子集成为 GCOS 地面网络(GSN) ，而150个高空站的子集被指定为 GCOS 高空网络(GUAN)。它们建立在现有的气象组织分类的基础上，成为大气网络的最初基线组成部分。选择 GSN 的考虑因素包括空间分布、记录的长度和质量、长期承诺和城市化程度。类似的考虑也适用于管。指定这些网络有利于全球气候观测系统和国家气象和水文局。对于国家气象和水文部门来说，指定一个气象站作为全球气候网络的一部分，有助于维持对这些有长期记录的地点的支持。这些网络为区域基础气候学网络提供了基础，该网络提供了关于气候变化的更多空间细节。

全球气候观测系统方案的首要任务之一是确定适合于基本气候监测的世界天气观测站的子集。大约1000个基线地面站的子集成为 GCOS 地面网络(GSN) ，而150个高空站的子集被指定为 GCOS 高空网络(GUAN)。它们建立在现有的气象组织分类的基础上，成为大气网络的最初基线组成部分。选择 GSN 的考虑因素包括空间分布、记录的长度和质量、长期承诺和城市化程度。类似的考虑也适用于GUAN。指定这些网络有利于全球气候观测系统和国家气象和水文服务。对于国家气象和水文服务来说，指定一个气象站作为全球气候网络的一部分，有助于维持对这些有长期记录的站点的支持。这些网络为区域基础气候学网络提供了基础，该网络提供了关于气候变化的更多空间细节。

Recognizing that a balance has to be struck between standards and completeness of ground-based measurement, the GCOS programme recognized a hierarchy of observational networks and systems, comprising comprehensive, baseline and reference networks based on assumptions of spatial sampling needs.

Recognizing that a balance has to be struck between standards and completeness of ground-based measurement, the GCOS programme recognized a hierarchy of observational networks and systems, comprising comprehensive, baseline and reference networks based on assumptions of spatial sampling needs.