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危机现象(癫痫发作)存在于不同的尺度<ref>Depannemaecker, Damien; Destexhe, Alain; Jirsa, Viktor; Bernard, Christophe (2021-02-22). "[https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202102.0478/v1 Modeling Seizures: From Single Neurons to Networks]".doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0478.v1.</ref>和不同的生物<ref>Jirsa, Viktor K.; Stacey, William C.; Quilichini, Pascale P.; Ivanov, Anton I.; Bernard, Christophe (2014-06-10). "[https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/137/8/2210/2847958 On the nature of seizure dynamics]". ''Brain''. '''137''' (8): 2210–2230. doi:10.1093/brain/awu133. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 4107736. <nowiki>PMID 24919973</nowiki>.</ref>中，具有一定的动力学特性。我们可以区分不同的方法：现象学模型专注于观察到的动力学，通常将目标减少到几个维度，这有利于从动力学系统理论<ref>Saggio, Maria Luisa; Spiegler, Andreas; Bernard, Christophe; Jirsa, Viktor K. (2017-07-25). "[https://mathematical-neuroscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13408-017-0050-8 Fast–Slow Bursters in the Unfolding of a High Codimension Singularity and the Ultra-slow Transitions of Classes]". ''The Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience''. '''7''' (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s13408-017-0050-8. ISSN 2190-8567. PMC 5526832. <nowiki>PMID 28744735</nowiki>.</ref>的角度进行研究，更多的机制模型可以解释癫痫发作背后生物物理学的相互作用。也可以用这些方法来建模并分析大脑不同区域之间的相互作用<ref>Breakspear, M.; Roberts, J. A.; Terry, J. R.; Rodrigues, S.; Mahant, N.; Robinson, P. A. (2005-11-09). "[https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/16/9/1296/276340 A Unifying Explanation of Primary Generalized Seizures Through Nonlinear Brain Modeling and Bifurcation Analysis]". ''Cerebral Cortex''. '''16''' (9): 1296–1313. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj072. ISSN 1460-2199. <nowiki>PMID 16280462</nowiki>.</ref>(在这种情况下，网络的概念起着重要作用<ref>Terry, John R.; Benjamin, Oscar; Richardson, Mark P. (2012). "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03560.x Seizure generation: The role of nodes and networks]". ''Epilepsia''. '''53''' (9): e166–e169. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03560.x. ISSN 1528-1167. <nowiki>PMID 22709380</nowiki>. S2CID 25085531.</ref>)或发作状态的过渡期<ref>Wendling, Fabrice; Hernandez, Alfredo; Bellanger, Jean-Jacques; Chauvel, Patrick; Bartolomei, Fabrice (October 2005). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443706/ Interictal to ictal transition in human temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from a computational model of intracerebral EEG]". ''Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology''. '''22''' (5): 343–356. </ref>。这些大规模的方法的优势在于能够与人类的记录相关联，这是脑电图(electroencephalography, EEG)的功劳。现象学模型为临床研究提供了新的方向，特别是作为治疗难治性癫痫的补充手段。<ref>Jirsa, V.K.; Proix, T.; Perdikis, D.; Woodman, M.M.; Wang, H.; Gonzalez-Martinez, J.; Bernard, C.; Bénar, C.; Guye, M.; Chauvel, P.; Bartolomei, F. (2017-01-15). "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811916300891 The Virtual Epileptic Patient: Individualized whole-brain models of epilepsy spread]". ''NeuroImage''. '''145''' (Pt B): 377–388. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.049. ISSN 1053-8119. <nowiki>PMID 27477535</nowiki>. S2CID 36510741.</ref><ref>Khambhati, Ankit N.; Davis, Kathryn A.; Lucas, Timothy H.; Litt, Brian; Bassett, Danielle S. (September 2016). "[https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(16)30424-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS089662731630424X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Virtual Cortical Resection Reveals Push-Pull Network Control Preceding Seizure Evolution]". ''Neuron''. '''91''' (5): 1170–1182. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.039. PMC 5017915. <nowiki>PMID 27568515</nowiki>.</ref>

危机现象（癫痫发作）存在于不同的尺度<ref>Depannemaecker, Damien; Destexhe, Alain; Jirsa, Viktor; Bernard, Christophe (2021-02-22). "[https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202102.0478/v1 Modeling Seizures: From Single Neurons to Networks]".doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0478.v1.</ref>和不同的生物<ref>Jirsa, Viktor K.; Stacey, William C.; Quilichini, Pascale P.; Ivanov, Anton I.; Bernard, Christophe (2014-06-10). "[https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/137/8/2210/2847958 On the nature of seizure dynamics]". ''Brain''. '''137''' (8): 2210–2230. doi:10.1093/brain/awu133. ISSN 1460-2156. PMC 4107736. <nowiki>PMID 24919973</nowiki>.</ref>中，具有一定的动力学特性。我们可以区分不同的方法：现象学模型专注于观察到的动力学，通常将目标减少到几个维度，这有利于从动力学系统理论<ref>Saggio, Maria Luisa; Spiegler, Andreas; Bernard, Christophe; Jirsa, Viktor K. (2017-07-25). "[https://mathematical-neuroscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13408-017-0050-8 Fast–Slow Bursters in the Unfolding of a High Codimension Singularity and the Ultra-slow Transitions of Classes]". ''The Journal of Mathematical Neuroscience''. '''7''' (1): 7. doi:10.1186/s13408-017-0050-8. ISSN 2190-8567. PMC 5526832. <nowiki>PMID 28744735</nowiki>.</ref>的角度进行研究，更多的机制模型可以解释癫痫发作背后生物物理学的相互作用。也可以用这些方法来建模并分析大脑不同区域之间的相互作用<ref>Breakspear, M.; Roberts, J. A.; Terry, J. R.; Rodrigues, S.; Mahant, N.; Robinson, P. A. (2005-11-09). "[https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/16/9/1296/276340 A Unifying Explanation of Primary Generalized Seizures Through Nonlinear Brain Modeling and Bifurcation Analysis]". ''Cerebral Cortex''. '''16''' (9): 1296–1313. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj072. ISSN 1460-2199. <nowiki>PMID 16280462</nowiki>.</ref>(在这种情况下，网络的概念起着重要作用<ref>Terry, John R.; Benjamin, Oscar; Richardson, Mark P. (2012). "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03560.x Seizure generation: The role of nodes and networks]". ''Epilepsia''. '''53''' (9): e166–e169. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03560.x. ISSN 1528-1167. <nowiki>PMID 22709380</nowiki>. S2CID 25085531.</ref>)或发作状态的过渡期<ref>Wendling, Fabrice; Hernandez, Alfredo; Bellanger, Jean-Jacques; Chauvel, Patrick; Bartolomei, Fabrice (October 2005). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2443706/ Interictal to ictal transition in human temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from a computational model of intracerebral EEG]". ''Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology''. '''22''' (5): 343–356. </ref>。这些大规模的方法的优势在于能够与人类的记录相关联，这是脑电图 electroencephalography（EEG）的功劳。现象学模型为临床研究提供了新的方向，特别是作为治疗难治性癫痫的补充手段。<ref>Jirsa, V.K.; Proix, T.; Perdikis, D.; Woodman, M.M.; Wang, H.; Gonzalez-Martinez, J.; Bernard, C.; Bénar, C.; Guye, M.; Chauvel, P.; Bartolomei, F. (2017-01-15). "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811916300891 The Virtual Epileptic Patient: Individualized whole-brain models of epilepsy spread]". ''NeuroImage''. '''145''' (Pt B): 377–388. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.04.049. ISSN 1053-8119. <nowiki>PMID 27477535</nowiki>. S2CID 36510741.</ref><ref>Khambhati, Ankit N.; Davis, Kathryn A.; Lucas, Timothy H.; Litt, Brian; Bassett, Danielle S. (September 2016). "[https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(16)30424-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS089662731630424X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue Virtual Cortical Resection Reveals Push-Pull Network Control Preceding Seizure Evolution]". ''Neuron''. '''91''' (5): 1170–1182. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.039. PMC 5017915. <nowiki>PMID 27568515</nowiki>.</ref>