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=== 帕金森氏病 ===

=== 帕金森氏病 ===

DBS用于治疗帕金森病的一些无法用药完全控制的症状<ref name=NINDS/><ref name="USDHHS">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm083894.htm FDA approves implanted brain stimulator to control tremors.] Retrieved February 10, 2015.</ref>。通过对丘脑内外侧、内苍白球和丘脑下核(STN)三个靶结构应用高频(> 100 Hz)刺激治疗PD，以模拟病变的临床效果<ref name=":4">Koller, W. and Melamed, E., 2007. Parkinson's disease and related disorders. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier.</ref>。它适合推荐给药物控制不充分的运动波动和震颤的PD患者，或对药物不耐受的患者，只要他们没有严重的神经精神问题<ref name="pmid20937936">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bronstein JM, Tagliati M, Alterman RL, Lozano AM, Volkmann J, Stefani A, Horak FB, Okun MS, Foote KD, Krack P, Pahwa R, Henderson JM, Hariz MI, Bakay RA, Rezai A, Marks WJ, Moro E, Vitek JL, Weaver FM, Gross RE, DeLong MR |title=Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: an expert consensus and review of key issues |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=68 |issue=2 |page=165 |date=February 2011 |pmid=20937936 |pmc=4523130 |doi=10.1001/archneurol.2010.260 |display-authors=1}}</ref> 。在帕金森病中，有苍白球内、丘脑、丘脑下核和桥脚核四个脑区使用神经刺激器进行治疗。然而，在常规手术中，大多数DBS手术不是针对苍白球内，就是针对丘脑下核。

DBS用于治疗帕金森病的一些无法用药完全控制的症状<ref name=NINDS/><ref name="USDHHS">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm083894.htm FDA approves implanted brain stimulator to control tremors.] Retrieved February 10, 2015.</ref>。通过对丘脑内外侧、内苍白球和丘脑下核(STN)三个靶结构应用高频(> 100 Hz)刺激治疗PD，以模拟病变的临床效果<ref name=":4">Koller, W. and Melamed, E., 2007. Parkinson's disease and related disorders. 1st ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier.</ref>。它适合推荐给药物控制不充分的运动波动和震颤的PD患者，或对药物不耐受的患者，只要他们没有严重的神经精神问题<ref name="pmid20937936">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bronstein JM, Tagliati M, Alterman RL, Lozano AM, Volkmann J, Stefani A, Horak FB, Okun MS, Foote KD, Krack P, Pahwa R, Henderson JM, Hariz MI, Bakay RA, Rezai A, Marks WJ, Moro E, Vitek JL, Weaver FM, Gross RE, DeLong MR |title=Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: an expert consensus and review of key issues |journal=Archives of Neurology |volume=68 |issue=2 |page=165 |date=February 2011 |pmid=20937936 |pmc=4523130 |doi=10.1001/archneurol.2010.260 |display-authors=1}}</ref> 。在帕金森病中，有苍白球内、丘脑、丘脑下核和桥脚核四个脑区使用神经刺激器进行治疗。然而，在常规手术中，大多数DBS手术不是针对苍白球内，就是针对丘脑下核。

* 苍白球内的DBS减少了不可控的震颤运动，称为'''运动障碍 dyskinesia'''。这使患者能够服用足够数量的药物(特别是左旋多巴)，从而更好地控制症状。

* 苍白球内的DBS减少了不可控的震颤运动，称为运动障碍。这使患者能够服用足够数量的药物(特别是左旋多巴)，从而更好地控制症状。

* 丘脑底核深部脑刺激可直接减轻帕金森病症状。这可以减少抗帕金森药物的剂量。

* 丘脑底核深部脑刺激可直接减轻帕金森病症状。这可以减少抗帕金森药物的剂量。

* PPN的DBS可能有助于步态冻结，而丘脑的DBS可能有助于颤抖。这些靶标通常不被使用。

* PPN的DBS可能有助于步态冻结，而丘脑的DBS可能有助于颤抖。这些靶标通常不被使用。

一般来说，DBS 与运动成绩评定的30-60% 的改善有关<ref name="Dallapiazza2018">{{cite book |last1=Dallapiazza |first1=R. F. |last2=Vloo |first2=P. D. |last3=Fomenko |first3=A. |last4=Lee |first4=D. J. |last5=Hamani |first5=C. |last6=Munhoz |first6=R. P. |last7=Hodaie |first7=M. |last8=Lozano |first8=A. M. |last9=Fasano |first9=A. |last10=Kalia |year=2018 |chapter=Considerations for Patient and Target Selection in Deep Brain Stimulation surgery for Parkinson’s disease |editor-last=Stoker |editor-first=T. B. |editor2-last=Greenland |editor2-first=J. C. |title=Parkinson's disease: Pathogenesis and clinical aspects |location=Brisbane |publisher=Codon Publications |isbn=978-0-9944381-6-4 |doi=10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch8 |pmid=30702838|s2cid=81155324 }}</ref>。

一般来说，DBS 与运动成绩评定的30-60% 的改善有关<ref name="Dallapiazza2018">{{cite book |last1=Dallapiazza |first1=R. F. |last2=Vloo |first2=P. D. |last3=Fomenko |first3=A. |last4=Lee |first4=D. J. |last5=Hamani |first5=C. |last6=Munhoz |first6=R. P. |last7=Hodaie |first7=M. |last8=Lozano |first8=A. M. |last9=Fasano |first9=A. |last10=Kalia |year=2018 |chapter=Considerations for Patient and Target Selection in Deep Brain Stimulation surgery for Parkinson’s disease |editor-last=Stoker |editor-first=T. B. |editor2-last=Greenland |editor2-first=J. C. |title=Parkinson's disease: Pathogenesis and clinical aspects |location=Brisbane |publisher=Codon Publications |isbn=978-0-9944381-6-4 |doi=10.15586/codonpublications.parkinsonsdisease.2018.ch8 |pmid=30702838|s2cid=81155324 }}</ref>。

=== Tourette综合症 ===

=== Tourette综合症 ===