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'''人工生命 Artificial life'''（经常被缩写为ALife或者A-Life）是在电脑系统中，通过仿真模型、机器技术和生物化学方式，模拟自然生命系统来研究生命的过程及其演变的领域<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/artificial%20life|title=Dictionary.com definition|accessdate=2007-01-19}}</ref>。这个概念由美国理论生物学家[[克里斯托弗·朗顿 Christopher Langton]]于1986年提出。<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA37&cd=1#v=onepage The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences], The MIT Press, p.37.</ref>
'''人工生命 （Artificial life）'''（经常被缩写为ALife或者A-Life）是在电脑系统中，通过仿真模型、机器技术和生物化学方式，模拟自然生命系统来研究生命的过程及其演变的领域<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/artificial%20life|title=Dictionary.com definition|accessdate=2007-01-19}}</ref>。这个概念由美国理论生物学家[[克里斯托弗·朗顿 Christopher Langton]]于1986年提出。<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-wt1aZrGXLYC&pg=PA37&cd=1#v=onepage The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences], The MIT Press, p.37.</ref>
1987年，朗顿第一次在新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯 Los Alamos, New Mexico举行了该领域的第一次会议。<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Game Industry's Dr. Frankenstein |magazine=Next Generation|issue=35|publisher=Imagine Media |date=November 1997|page=10}}</ref>
1987年，朗顿第一次在新墨西哥州的洛斯阿拉莫斯 Los Alamos, New Mexico举行了该领域的第一次会议。<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Game Industry's Dr. Frankenstein |magazine=Next Generation|issue=35|publisher=Imagine Media |date=November 1997|page=10}}</ref>
以研究方法命名，可将人工生命研究分为三类：<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reed.edu/~mab/publications/papers/BedauTICS03.pdf|title=Artificial life: organization, adaptation and complexity from the bottom up|author=Mark A. Bedau |date=November 2003|accessdate=2007-01-19|publisher=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202185445/http://www.reed.edu/~mab/publications/papers/BedauTICS03.pdf|archive-date=2008-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
以研究方法命名，可将人工生命研究分为三类：<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reed.edu/~mab/publications/papers/BedauTICS03.pdf|title=Artificial life: organization, adaptation and complexity from the bottom up|author=Mark A. Bedau |date=November 2003|accessdate=2007-01-19|publisher=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202185445/http://www.reed.edu/~mab/publications/papers/BedauTICS03.pdf|archive-date=2008-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 软，基于软件模拟<ref>{{cite book|title=Artificial Life Models in Software |author=Maciej Komosinski and Andrew Adamatzky|year=2009|publisher=Springer |location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-284-9|url=https://www.springer.com/computer/mathematics/book/978-1-84882-284-9}}</ref>
* 软，基于软件模拟<ref>{{cite book|title=Artificial Life Models in Software |author=Maciej Komosinski and Andrew Adamatzky|year=2009|publisher=Springer |location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-284-9|url=https://www.springer.com/computer/mathematics/book/978-1-84882-284-9}}</ref>
* 硬，基于硬件模拟<ref>{{cite book |title=Artificial Life Models in Hardware|author=Andrew Adamatzky and Maciej Komosinski|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-529-1 |url=https://www.springer.com/computer/hardware/book/978-1-84882-529-1}}</ref>
* 硬，基于硬件模拟<ref>{{cite book |title=Artificial Life Models in Hardware|author=Andrew Adamatzky and Maciej Komosinski|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-529-1 |url=https://www.springer.com/computer/hardware/book/978-1-84882-529-1}}</ref>
* 湿，基于生物化学研究<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zooland.alife.org/|title=What is Artificial Life?|first=Christopher|last=Langton|accessdate=2007-01-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117220840/http://zooland.alife.org/|archivedate=2007-01-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Aguilar, W., Santamaría-Bonfil, G., Froese, T., and Gershenson, C. (2014). The past, present, and future of artificial life. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 1(8). https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2014.00008</ref>
* 湿，基于生物化学研究<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zooland.alife.org/|title=What is Artificial Life?|first=Christopher|last=Langton|accessdate=2007-01-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070117220840/http://zooland.alife.org/|archivedate=2007-01-17|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Aguilar, W., Santamaría-Bonfil, G., Froese, T., and Gershenson, C. (2014). The past, present, and future of artificial life. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 1(8). https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2014.00008</ref>