Effective Information (<math> EI </math>) was first proposed by Tononi et al. in the study of integrated information theory [41]. In causal emergence research, Erik Hoel and others use this causal effect measure index to quantify the strength of causality of a causal mechanism. | Effective Information (<math> EI </math>) was first proposed by Tononi et al. in the study of integrated information theory [41]. In causal emergence research, Erik Hoel and others use this causal effect measure index to quantify the strength of causality of a causal mechanism. |