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'''渗流阈值(Percolation Threshold, pc​)''' 是指在给定网络或材料结构中,某一关键占据概率下首次出现“无限连通集群”的临界点。也就是说,当连接概率[math]\displaystyle{ \ p < p_c }[/math]时,系统中的集群都是有限的;当[math]\displaystyle{ \ p >p_c }[/math]​ 时,有正概率形成覆盖系统的大规模连通路径。这个“突然出现”的无限集群是渗流理论中的核心相变现象,其对应于系统宏观性质(如电导、流体通量、力学性能)的突变。
 
'''渗流阈值(Percolation Threshold, pc​)''' 是指在给定网络或材料结构中,某一关键占据概率下首次出现“无限连通集群”的临界点。也就是说,当连接概率[math]\displaystyle{ \ p < p_c }[/math]时,系统中的集群都是有限的;当[math]\displaystyle{ \ p >p_c }[/math]​ 时,有正概率形成覆盖系统的大规模连通路径。这个“突然出现”的无限集群是渗流理论中的核心相变现象,其对应于系统宏观性质(如电导、流体通量、力学性能)的突变。
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在渗流理论中,'''渗流阈值'''(常用符号表示{{Math|''p''<sub>''c''</sub>}}指的是使无限系统出现从局部连接跃迁至全局连通的最小概率。当填充概率[math]\displaystyle{ \ p < p_c }[/math]时,系统中不会出现贯通路径,而当[math]\displaystyle{ \ p >p_c }[/math]时,出现无限集群的概率从0跃升为1,这种突变是典型的相变现象,符合所谓的'''零一律'''(0–1law)。
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在渗流理论中,'''渗流阈值'''(常用符号表示{{Math|''p''<sub>''c''</sub>}}指的是使无限系统出现从局部连接跃迁至全局连通的最小概率<ref name=":0">Stauffer D, Aharony A. Introduction to Percolation Theory. CRC Press, 2014.</ref>。当填充概率[math]\displaystyle{ \ p < p_c }[/math]时,系统中不会出现贯通路径,而当[math]\displaystyle{ \ p >p_c }[/math]时,出现无限集群的概率从0跃升为1,这种突变是典型的相变现象<ref name=":0" />,符合所谓的'''零一律'''(0–1law)。
    
数学上,如果将系统建模为图[math]\displaystyle{ G = (V,E) }[/math],渗流模型会随机选择子集[math]\displaystyle{ E' \subset E }[/math]或[math]\displaystyle{ V' \subset V }[/math],使得每条边或每个顶点以概率[math]\displaystyle{ p }[/math]被"激活"。当[math]\displaystyle{ p > p_c }[/math]时,图中几乎总是存在一条连接任意两个远点的大路径。
 
数学上,如果将系统建模为图[math]\displaystyle{ G = (V,E) }[/math],渗流模型会随机选择子集[math]\displaystyle{ E' \subset E }[/math]或[math]\displaystyle{ V' \subset V }[/math],使得每条边或每个顶点以概率[math]\displaystyle{ p }[/math]被"激活"。当[math]\displaystyle{ p > p_c }[/math]时,图中几乎总是存在一条连接任意两个远点的大路径。
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=== '''参考资料''' ===
 
=== '''参考资料''' ===
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# Broadbent S R, Hammersley J M. Percolation processes. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 1957.
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[1]Broadbent, S. R.; Hammersley, J. M. Percolation processes. Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 1953, 53(03):629.Bibcode:1957PCPS...53..629B.ISSN0305-0041.doi:10.1017/S0305004100032680.
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# Stauffer D, Aharony A. Introduction to Percolation Theory. CRC Press, 2014.
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# Grimmett G. Percolation (2nd ed.). Springer, 1999.
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[2]Dietrich Stauffer; Ammon Aharony. Introduction to percolation theory revised second edition. CRC press. 2014. <nowiki>ISBN 0748400273</nowiki>.
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