<small>数据来源显示在SI文本中。CI,置信区间;Adj-R²,调整R²;GDP,国内生产总值。</small><ref>Bettencourt, L. M., Lobo, J., Helbing, D., Kühnert, C., & West, G. B. (2007). Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities. ''Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 104''(17), 7301-7306.</ref>
Bettencourt等人的研究<ref>Bettencourt, L. M. (2013). The origins of scaling in cities. ''science, 340''(6139), 1438-1441.</ref>发现,GDP(国内生产总值)是超线性增长的,其规模指数 β 在 1.06 到 1.26 之间。具体数据显示: