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=== 逆交流约瑟夫森效应 ===

=== 逆交流约瑟夫森效应 ===

当约瑟夫森结受到单一 [[角频率]] <math>\omega</math> 的微波辐照时，可在结上诱导量子化的直流电压，<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Langenberg |first1=D. N. |last2=Scalapino |first2=D. J. |last3=Taylor |first3=B. N. |last4=Eck |first4=R. E. |date=1966-04-01 |title=Microwave-induced D.C. voltages across Josephson junctions |journal=Physics Letters |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=563–565 |doi=10.1016/0031-9163(66)91114-0 |bibcode=1966PhL....20..563L |issn=0031-9163}}</ref> 此时约瑟夫森相位取形式 <math>\varphi (t) =  \varphi_0 + n \omega t + a \sin(\omega t)</math>，结上的电压与电流为：

当约瑟夫森结受到单一 [[角频率]] <math>\omega</math> 的微波辐照时，可在结上诱导量子化的直流电压，<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Langenberg |first1=D. N. |last2=Scalapino |first2=D. J. |last3=Taylor |first3=B. N. |last4=Eck |first4=R. E. |date=1966-04-01 |title=Microwave-induced D.C. voltages across Josephson junctions |journal=Physics Letters |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=563–565 |doi=10.1016/0031-9163(66)91114-0 |bibcode=1966PhL....20..563L |issn=0031-9163}}</ref> 此时约瑟夫森相位取形式 <math>\varphi (t) =  \varphi_0 + n \omega t + a \sin(\omega t)</math>，结上的电压与电流为：

<math display="block">V(t) = \frac{\hbar}{2 e} \omega ( n + a \cos( \omega t) ), \text{ and } I(t) = I_c \sum_{m = -\infty}^\infty J_m (a) \sin (\varphi_0 + (n + m) \omega t),</math>

<math display="block">V(t) = \frac{\hbar}{2 e} \omega ( n + a \cos( \omega t) ), \text{与 } I(t) = I_c \sum_{m = -\infty}^\infty J_m (a) \sin (\varphi_0 + (n + m) \omega t),</math>

其直流分量为：

其直流分量为：

<math display="block">V_\text{DC} = n \frac{\hbar}{2 e} \omega, \text{ and } I_\text{DC} = I_c J_{-n} (a) \sin \varphi_0.</math>

<math display="block">V_\text{DC} = n \frac{\hbar}{2 e} \omega, \text{ 与 } I_\text{DC} = I_c J_{-n} (a) \sin \varphi_0.</math>

这意味着约瑟夫森结可充当理想的频率到电压的转换器，<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levinsen |first1=M. T. |last2=Chiao |first2=R. Y. |last3=Feldman |first3=M. J. |last4=Tucker |first4=B. A. |date=1977-12-01 |title=An inverse ac Josephson effect voltage standard |journal=Applied Physics Letters |volume=31 |issue=11 |pages=776–778 |doi=10.1063/1.89520 |bibcode=1977ApPhL..31..776L |issn=0003-6951}}</ref> 这是约瑟夫森电压标准的理论基础。

这意味着约瑟夫森结可充当理想的频率到电压的转换器，<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levinsen |first1=M. T. |last2=Chiao |first2=R. Y. |last3=Feldman |first3=M. J. |last4=Tucker |first4=B. A. |date=1977-12-01 |title=An inverse ac Josephson effect voltage standard |journal=Applied Physics Letters |volume=31 |issue=11 |pages=776–778 |doi=10.1063/1.89520 |bibcode=1977ApPhL..31..776L |issn=0003-6951}}</ref> 这是约瑟夫森电压标准的理论基础。