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===理论===

===理论===

给定一组观测函数字典<math>\{\psi_1, \dots, \psi_{N_K}\} \subset D(\mathcal{K})(D(\mathcal{K})</math>为<math>\mathcal{K}</math>的定义域），如一系列的多项式，EDMD 的目标是在子空间<math>V_{N_K} = \text{span}\{\psi_1, \dots, \psi_{N_K}\}</math>上近似<math>\mathcal{K}</math>的作用，定义[[向量]]值特征映射<math>\Psi(\boldsymbol{x}) = [\psi_1(\boldsymbol{x}), \dots, \psi_{N_K}(\boldsymbol{x})] \in \mathbb{C}^{1 \times N_K}</math>，则子空间<math>V_{N_K}</math>中的任意观测函数g可表示为<math>g(\boldsymbol{x}) = \sum_{j=1}^{N_K} \psi_j(\boldsymbol{x}) g_j = \Psi(\boldsymbol{x}) \boldsymbol{g}</math>，其中<math>\boldsymbol{g} \in \mathbb{C}^{N_K}</math>为系数[[向量]]。满足<ref name=Colbrook_2023 /><ref name=Colbrook_2024>Colbrook, M. J. & Townsend, A. Rigorous data‐driven computation of spectral properties of koopman operators for dynamical systems. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 77, 221–283 (2024).</ref>：

给定一组观测函数字典<math>\{\psi_1, \dots, \psi_{N_K}\} \subset \mathcal{G}(\mathcal{X}) </math>(如前文，<math>\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{X}) </math>为<math>\mathcal{K}</math>的定义域），如一系列的多项式，EDMD 的目标是在子空间<math>V_{N_K} = \text{span}\{\psi_1, \dots, \psi_{N_K}\}</math>上近似<math>\mathcal{K}</math>的作用，定义[[向量]]值特征映射<math>\Psi(\boldsymbol{x}) = [\psi_1(\boldsymbol{x}), \dots, \psi_{N_K}(\boldsymbol{x})] \in \mathbb{C}^{1 \times N_K}</math>，则子空间<math>V_{N_K}</math>中的任意观测函数g可表示为<math>g(\boldsymbol{x}) = \sum_{j=1}^{N_K} \psi_j(\boldsymbol{x}) g_j = \Psi(\boldsymbol{x}) \boldsymbol{g}</math>，其中<math>\boldsymbol{g} \in \mathbb{C}^{N_K}</math>为系数[[向量]]。满足<ref name=Colbrook_2023 /><ref name=Colbrook_2024>Colbrook, M. J. & Townsend, A. Rigorous data‐driven computation of spectral properties of koopman operators for dynamical systems. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 77, 221–283 (2024).</ref>：

:<math>[\mathcal{K}\psi_j](\boldsymbol{x}) = \psi_j(F(\boldsymbol{x})) \approx \sum_{i=1}^{N_K} (K_{\text{EDMD}})_{ij} \psi_i(\boldsymbol{x}), \quad 1 \leq j \leq N_K.</math>

:<math>[\mathcal{K}\psi_j](\boldsymbol{x}) = \psi_j(F(\boldsymbol{x})) \approx \sum_{i=1}^{N_K} (K_{\text{EDMD}})_{ij} \psi_i(\boldsymbol{x}), \quad 1 \leq j \leq N_K.</math>