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| | 1936年,当曼德布罗特还是个孩子时,一家人从波兰华沙移民到了法国。第二次世界大战结束后,曼德布洛特学习了数学,从巴黎和美国的大学毕业,并获得了加州理工学院的航空硕士学位。他的职业生涯大部分时间都是在美国和法国度过,拥有法国和美国双重国籍。1958年,他在IBM开始了35年的职业生涯,并在那里成为了IBM院士,定期请假到哈佛大学任教。在哈佛大学发表关于棉花期货的美国商品市场研究之后,他开始教授经济学和应用科学。 | | 1936年,当曼德布罗特还是个孩子时,一家人从波兰华沙移民到了法国。第二次世界大战结束后,曼德布洛特学习了数学,从巴黎和美国的大学毕业,并获得了加州理工学院的航空硕士学位。他的职业生涯大部分时间都是在美国和法国度过,拥有法国和美国双重国籍。1958年,他在IBM开始了35年的职业生涯,并在那里成为了IBM院士,定期请假到哈佛大学任教。在哈佛大学发表关于棉花期货的美国商品市场研究之后,他开始教授经济学和应用科学。 |
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| − | Because of his access to IBM's computers, Mandelbrot was one of the first to use computer graphics to create and display fractal geometric images, leading to his discovery of the [[Mandelbrot set]] in 1980. He showed how visual complexity can be created from simple rules. He said that things typically considered to be "rough", a "mess", or "chaotic", such as clouds or shorelines, actually had a "degree of order".<ref name="Wolfram" /> His math and geometry-centered research career included contributions to such fields as [[statistical physics]], [[meteorology]], [[hydrology]], [[geomorphology]], [[anatomy]], [[taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]], [[neurology]], [[linguistics]], [[information technology]], [[computer graphics]], [[economics]], [[geology]], [[medicine]], [[physical cosmology]], [[engineering]], [[chaos theory]], [[econophysics]], [[metallurgy]], and the [[social science]]s.<ref>list includes specific sciences mentioned in [[#Hudson|Hudson & Mandelbrot]], the Prelude, p. xvi, and p. 26</ref>
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| | 由于曼德布罗特可以使用IBM的计算机,他是最早使用计算机图形来创建和显示分形几何图像的人之一。他于1980年发现了曼德布洛特集合,展示了如何从简单的规则图形创建出视觉复杂的图形。他认为那些通常被认为是“粗糙”,“杂乱”或“混乱”的事物,例如云层或海岸线,实际上都具有“'''<font color="#ff8000"> 有序度Degree of order </font>'''”<ref name="Wolfram" />的性质。他以数学和几何学为中心的延申研究领域包括了[[统计物理学]],[[气象学]],[[水文学]],[[地貌学]],[[解剖学]],[[分类学]],[[神经学]],[[语言学]],[[信息技术]],[[计算机图形学]],[[经济学]],[[地质学]],[[医学]],[[物理宇宙学]],[[工程学]],[[混沌理论]]等领域的贡献 ,[[经济物理学]],[[冶金学]]和[[社会科学]]。<ref>list includes specific sciences mentioned in [[#Hudson|Hudson & Mandelbrot]], the Prelude, p. xvi, and p. 26</ref> | | 由于曼德布罗特可以使用IBM的计算机,他是最早使用计算机图形来创建和显示分形几何图像的人之一。他于1980年发现了曼德布洛特集合,展示了如何从简单的规则图形创建出视觉复杂的图形。他认为那些通常被认为是“粗糙”,“杂乱”或“混乱”的事物,例如云层或海岸线,实际上都具有“'''<font color="#ff8000"> 有序度Degree of order </font>'''”<ref name="Wolfram" />的性质。他以数学和几何学为中心的延申研究领域包括了[[统计物理学]],[[气象学]],[[水文学]],[[地貌学]],[[解剖学]],[[分类学]],[[神经学]],[[语言学]],[[信息技术]],[[计算机图形学]],[[经济学]],[[地质学]],[[医学]],[[物理宇宙学]],[[工程学]],[[混沌理论]]等领域的贡献 ,[[经济物理学]],[[冶金学]]和[[社会科学]]。<ref>list includes specific sciences mentioned in [[#Hudson|Hudson & Mandelbrot]], the Prelude, p. xvi, and p. 26</ref> |
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| | Toward the end of his career, he was [[Sterling Professor]] of Mathematical Sciences at [[Yale University]], where he was the oldest professor in Yale's history to receive tenure.<ref>{{cite web |author=Steve Olson |url=http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |title=The Genius of the Unpredictable |publisher=Yale Alumni Magazine |date=November–December 2004 |access-date=22 July 2014 |author-link=Steve Olson (writer) |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022092605/http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mandelbrot also held positions at the [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]], [[Université Lille Nord de France]], [[Institute for Advanced Study]] and [[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]]. During his career, he received over 15 honorary doctorates and served on many science journals, along with winning numerous awards. His autobiography, ''The Fractalist: Memoir of a Scientific Maverick'', was published posthumously in 2012. | | Toward the end of his career, he was [[Sterling Professor]] of Mathematical Sciences at [[Yale University]], where he was the oldest professor in Yale's history to receive tenure.<ref>{{cite web |author=Steve Olson |url=http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |title=The Genius of the Unpredictable |publisher=Yale Alumni Magazine |date=November–December 2004 |access-date=22 July 2014 |author-link=Steve Olson (writer) |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022092605/http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mandelbrot also held positions at the [[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory]], [[Université Lille Nord de France]], [[Institute for Advanced Study]] and [[Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique]]. During his career, he received over 15 honorary doctorates and served on many science journals, along with winning numerous awards. His autobiography, ''The Fractalist: Memoir of a Scientific Maverick'', was published posthumously in 2012. |
| − | 在他职业生涯后期,他担任耶鲁大学数学科学系的斯特林教授,并且被授予了耶鲁历史上最年长的终身教授职位。曼德布罗特还在西北太平洋国家实验室,里尔-北法兰西院校联盟,普林斯顿高等研究院和法国国家科学研究中心担任过职务。他的自传《分形主义者:一个科学特立独行者的回忆录The Fractalist: Memoir of a Scientific Maveric》于2012年死后出版。
| + | 在他职业生涯后期,他担任耶鲁大学数学科学系的斯特林教授,并且被授予了耶鲁历史上最年长的终身教授职位<ref>{{cite web |author=Steve Olson |url=http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |title=The Genius of the Unpredictable |publisher=Yale Alumni Magazine |date=November–December 2004 |access-date=22 July 2014 |author-link=Steve Olson (writer) |archive-date=22 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022092605/http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_11/mandelbrot.html |url-status=live }}</ref>。曼德布罗特还在西北太平洋国家实验室,里尔-北法兰西院校联盟,普林斯顿高等研究院和法国国家科学研究中心担任过职务。他的自传《分形主义者:一个科学特立独行者的回忆录The Fractalist: Memoir of a Scientific Maveric》于2012年死后出版。 |
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