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{{Short description|Two or more species influencing each other's evolution}}

{{Short description|Two or more species influencing each other's evolution}}

{{Good article}}

{{Good article}}

[[File:Dasyscolia ciliata.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|授粉的黄蜂 ''Dasyscolia ciliata'' 在与''Ophrys speculum''花进行拟交配<ref name=Pijl/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Dasyscolia_ciliata.jpg|替代=|30x30像素]]

[[File:Dasyscolia ciliata.jpg|thumb|授粉的黄蜂 ''Dasyscolia ciliata'' 在与''Ophrys speculum''花进行拟交配<ref name=Pijl/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Dasyscolia_ciliata.jpg|替代=]]

{{Evolutionary biology}}

{{Evolutionary biology}}

===无花果的生殖与无花果蜂===

===无花果的生殖与无花果蜂===

[[File:Ficus plant.jpg|thumb|left|一颗[[Common fig|无花果树]] 露出它许多细小的结种成熟[[gynoecia|雌蕊群]]。它们被无花果蜂''[[Blastophaga psenes]]''授粉，在 栽培的无花果树中也有无性 品种。<ref name=Suleman/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Ficus_plant.jpg]]

[[File:Ficus plant.jpg|thumb|left|链接=Special:FilePath/Ficus_plant.jpg]]

{{Main|Reproductive coevolution in Ficus}}''[[Ficus|榕]]''属植物由800种藤本植物、灌木和乔木构成，其中包括栽培的无花果、由它们可以保持雌花和花粉在其中的果实状萼的[[syconium|榕果]]所定义；每一种榕树都有自己的[[fig wasp|榕小蜂]]（在大多数情况下）为榕树授粉，由此一种贯穿于这个属中紧密的相互依赖关系已然形成并持续存在。<ref name="Suleman">{{cite journal |last1=Suleman |first1=Nazia |last2=Sait |first2=Steve |last3=Compton |first3=Stephen G. |title=Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community |journal=Acta Oecologica |volume=62 |year=2015 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.actao.2014.11.001 |bibcode=2015AcO....62....1S|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85568/7/Female%20plants%20as%20traps%20paper%20%283%29.pdf }}</ref>

{{Main|Reproductive coevolution in Ficus}}一颗[[Common fig|无花果树]] 露出它许多细小的结种成熟[[gynoecia|雌蕊群]]。它们被无花果蜂''[[Blastophaga psenes]]''授粉，在 栽培的无花果树中也有无性 品种。<ref name="Suleman" />''[[Ficus|榕]]''属植物由800种藤本植物、灌木和乔木构成，其中包括栽培的无花果、由它们可以保持雌花和花粉在其中的果实状萼的[[syconium|榕果]]所定义；每一种榕树都有自己的[[fig wasp|榕小蜂]]（在大多数情况下）为榕树授粉，由此一种贯穿于这个属中紧密的相互依赖关系已然形成并持续存在。<ref name="Suleman">{{cite journal |last1=Suleman |first1=Nazia |last2=Sait |first2=Steve |last3=Compton |first3=Stephen G. |title=Female figs as traps: Their impact on the dynamics of an experimental fig tree-pollinator-parasitoid community |journal=Acta Oecologica |volume=62 |year=2015 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.actao.2014.11.001 |bibcode=2015AcO....62....1S|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/85568/7/Female%20plants%20as%20traps%20paper%20%283%29.pdf }}</ref>

[[File:Ant - Pseudomyrmex species, on Bull Thorn Acacia (Acacia cornigera) with Beltian bodies, Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, Belmopan, Belize - 8505045055.jpg|thumb|right|''拟家蚁''和为其供给蛋白质的贝尔特体在牛角金合欢（''[[Vachellia cornigera]]''）上<ref name="Hölldobler-532"/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Ant_-_Pseudomyrmex_species,_on_Bull_Thorn_Acacia_(Acacia_cornigera)_with_Beltian_bodies,_Caves_Branch_Jungle_Lodge,_Belmopan,_Belize_-_8505045055.jpg]]

[[File:Ant - Pseudomyrmex species, on Bull Thorn Acacia (Acacia cornigera) with Beltian bodies, Caves Branch Jungle Lodge, Belmopan, Belize - 8505045055.jpg|thumb|right|''拟家蚁''和为其供给蛋白质的贝尔特体在牛角金合欢（''[[Vachellia cornigera]]''）上<ref name="Hölldobler-532"/>|链接=Special:FilePath/Ant_-_Pseudomyrmex_species,_on_Bull_Thorn_Acacia_(Acacia_cornigera)_with_Beltian_bodies,_Caves_Branch_Jungle_Lodge,_Belmopan,_Belize_-_8505045055.jpg]]