“约翰·霍兰德 John H Holland”的版本间的差异

2020年5月8日 (五) 20:32的版本

基本信息

约翰·霍兰德

类别	信息
出生时间	1929-02-02
逝世时间	2015-08-09
国籍：	美国
母校：	密歇根大学、麻省理工学院
成就：	开创遗传算法研究
主要研究方向：	遗传算法、复杂适应系统、心理学

约翰·霍兰德（1929-2015）是美国科学家，安娜堡密歇根大学的电气工程与计算机科学教授，兼心理学教授，同时他还是遗传算法的研究先驱。

生平

霍兰德在1929年生于美国印第安纳州的Fort Wayne。他在麻省理工学院学习物理学，并在1950年获得学士学位，然后又求学于密歇根大学，分别于1954年和1959年获得数学硕士和计算机博士学位（这是世界是第一个计算机博士学位）。^[1]霍兰德之后担任了密歇根大学的电气工程与计算机科学教授，兼心理学教授。此外，他还是罗兰德科学研究所和卑尔根大学的访问学者。

霍兰德还担任圣塔菲研究所_Santa_Fe_Institute的董事会亦即科学指导委员会成员，同时也是世界经济论坛的成员。^[2]

霍兰德在1961年获授富兰克林研究所的Louis E. Levy奖，还在1992年被授予麦克阿瑟天才奖。^[3]^[4]

2015年8月9日，霍兰德在密歇根安娜堡与世长辞。^[5]

研究领域

Holland frequently lectured around the world on his own research, and on research and open questions in complex adaptive systems (CAS) studies. In 1975 he wrote the ground-breaking book on genetic algorithms, "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems". He also developed Holland's schema theorem.

博士生导师

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Walter_Burks

//可以有名字、图片、链接等等

学生

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_F._Codd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Mitchell //可以有名字、图片、链接等等

合作学者

//可以有名字、图片、链接等等

xxx（人名）与集智

//有些大佬参加过集智举办的活动或有过合作课题，都可以写上去

就职企业、机构或院校

（机构名）

//机构详细信息及该人物在机构中主要负责哪方面的研究/工作、取得过什么样的成就或发展，可以有图片等信息

主要文章及著作

[文章链接文章名]发表信息（发表年份/日期，被引次数）

//注意大佬们文章都很多，但是不要照搬，摘取重点影响力高的即可（如谷歌学术中被引次数多的），重点书籍可以适当展开说明，但是需要注意使用下一级标题和排版

Holland is the author of a number of books about complex adaptive systems, including:

Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems (1975, MIT Press)
Hidden Order: How Adaptation Builds Complexity (1995, Basic Books)
Emergence: From Chaos to Order (1998, Basic Books)
Signals and Boundaries: Building Blocks for Complex Adaptive Systems (2012, MIT Press)
Complexity: A Very Short Introduction (2014, Oxford University Press)

Articles, a selection:

"A universal computer capable of executing an arbitrary number of subprograms simultaneously", in: Proc. Eastern Joint Comp. Conf. (1959), pp. 108–112
"Iterative circuit computers", in: Proc. Western Joint Comp. Conf. (1960), pp. 259–265
"Outline for a logical theory of adaptive systems", in: JACM, Vol 9 (1962), no. 3, pp. 279–314
"Hierarchical descriptions, universal spaces, and adaptive systems", in: Arthur W. Burks, editor. Essays on Cellular Automata (1970). University of Illinois Press
"Using Classifier Systems to Study Adaptive Nonlinear Networks", in: Daniel L. Stein, editor. Lectures in the Sciences of Complexity (1989). Addison Wesley
"Concerning the Emergence of Tag-Mediated Lookahead in Classifier Systems", in: Stephanie Forrest, editor. Emergent Computation: self-organizing, collective, and cooperative phenomena in natural and computing networks (1990). MIT Press
"The Royal Road for Genetic Algorithms: Fitness Landscapes and GA Performance", in: Francisco J. Varela, Paul Bourgine, editors. Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: proceedings of the first European conference on Artificial Life (1992). MIT Press
"Echoing Emergence: objectives, rough definitions, and speculations for ECHO-class models", in: George A. Cowan, David Pines, David Meltzer, editors. Complexity: metaphors, models, and reality (1994), Addison-Wesley
"Can There Be A Unified Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems?", in: Harold J. Morowitz, Jerome L. Singer, editors. The Mind, The Brain, and Complex Adaptive Systems (1995). Addison-Wesley
"Board Games", in: John Brockman, editor. The Greatest Inventions of the Past 2000 Years (2000). Phoenix
"What is to Come and How to Predict It.", in: John Brockman, editor. The Next Fifty Years: science in the first half of the twenty-first century (2002). Weidenfeld & Nicolson

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 ==生平==
-Holland was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1929. He studied physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and received a B.S. degree in 1950, then studied Mathematics at the University of Michigan, receiving an M.A. in 1954.[3] In 1959 he received the first computer science Ph.D. from the University of Michigan. He was a Professor of psychology and Professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He held visiting positions at the Rowland Institute for Science and the University of Bergen.
-Holland was a member of the Board of Trustees and Science Board of the Santa Fe Institute and a fellow of the World Economic Forum.[4]
+霍兰德在1929年生于美国印第安纳州的Fort Wayne。他在麻省理工学院学习物理学，并在1950年获得学士学位，然后又求学于密歇根大学，分别于1954年和1959年获得数学硕士和计算机博士学位（这是世界是第一个计算机博士学位）。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://krasnow.gmu.edu/images/DOM%20Photos/Vita%2007.doc |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911075246/http://krasnow.gmu.edu/images/DOM%20Photos/Vita%2007.doc |archivedate=September 11, 2008 }}</ref>霍兰德之后担任了密歇根大学的电气工程与计算机科学教授，兼心理学教授。此外，他还是[https://www2.rowland.harvard.edu/ 罗兰德科学研究所]和[https://www.uib.no/en 卑尔根大学]的访问学者。
-Holland received the 1961 Louis E. Levy Medal from The Franklin Institute, and the MacArthur Fellowship in 1992.[5][6]
+霍兰德还担任[[圣塔菲研究所|圣塔菲研究所_Santa_Fe_Institute]]的董事会亦即科学指导委员会成员，同时也是世界经济论坛的成员。<ref name="SantaFe">{{cite web |url=http://www.santafe.edu/about/people/profile/John%20H.%20Holland |title=Profile: John H. Holland |publisher=[[Santa Fe Institute]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130202004956/http://www.santafe.edu/about/people/profile/John%20H.%20Holland |archivedate=February 2, 2013 }}</ref>
-He was profiled extensively in chapters 5 and 7 of the book Complexity (1993), by M. Mitchell Waldrop.
+霍兰德在1961年获授富兰克林研究所的Louis E. Levy奖，还在1992年被授予麦克阿瑟天才奖。<ref name="LevyMedal_Laureates">{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database - Louis E. Levy Medal Laureates |publisher=Franklin Institute |accessdate=January 22, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629195033/http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=LEVY+&sy=1923&ey=1999&name=Submit |archivedate=June 29, 2011 }}</ref><ref>https://www.macfound.org/fellows/463/</ref>
-Holland died on August 9, 2015 in Ann Arbor, Michigan.[7]
+年8月9日，霍兰德在密歇根安娜堡与世长辞。<ref>[http://www.santafe.edu/news/item/in-memoriam-john-holland/ Complexity science pioneer John Holland passes away at 86] at santafe.edu</ref>
 == 研究领域 ==